Name: generation of mice derived from induced pluripotent stem cells
Uploaded: 2012-11-29T12:00:00
Duration: 11 min 56 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Mice Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Apoyo a KKB, MJB, JLH y KLN fue proporcionada por el Instituto de Medicina Regenerativa de California, el Programa Pew Charitable Trusts Biomédica Scholars, el Esther B. O&#39;Keeffe Family Foundation y la Fundación de la Familia Shapiro. KKB es un Donald E. y Delia B. Baxter Fundación Facultad Scholar.

<ol>
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U.S.A. 98, 6209-6214 (2001).</li><li>Eggan, K., Jaenisch, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Generation of embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived embryos and mice by tetraploid-embryo complementation. , (2006).</li><li>McLaughlin, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+tetraploid+embryos+by+electrofusion.">Production of tetraploid embryos by electrofusion.</a> Methods Enzymol. 225, 919-930 (1993).</li><li>Humpherys, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epigenetic+instability+in+ES+cells+and+cloned+mice.">Epigenetic instability in ES cells and cloned mice.</a> Science. 293, 95-97 (2001).</li><li>Kang, L., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Kou, Z., Gao, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=iPS+cells+can+support+full-term+development+of+tetraploid+blastocyst-complemented+embryos.">iPS cells can support full-term development of tetraploid blastocyst-complemented embryos.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 5 (09), 135-138 (2009).</li><li>Zhao, X. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=iPS+cells+produce+viable+mice+through+tetraploid+complementation.">iPS cells produce viable mice through tetraploid complementation.</a> Nature. 461, 86-90 (2009).</li><li>Kang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Viable+mice+produced+from+three-factor+induced+pluripotent+stem+(iPS)+cells+through+tetraploid+complementation.">Viable mice produced from three-factor induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells through tetraploid complementation.</a> Cell Res. 21, 546-549 (2011).</li><li>Zhao, X. -. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Viable+Fertile+Mice+Generated+from+Fully+Pluripotent+iPS+Cells+Derived+from+Adult+Somatic+Cells.">Viable Fertile Mice Generated from Fully Pluripotent iPS Cells Derived from Adult Somatic Cells.</a> Stem Cell Reviews and Reports. 6, 390-397 (2010).</li><li>Han, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tbx3+improves+the+germ-line+competency+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Tbx3 improves the germ-line competency of induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Nature. 463, 1096-1100 (2010).</li><li>Stadtfeld, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ascorbic+acid+prevents+loss+of+Dlk1-Dio3+imprinting+and+facilitates+generation+of+all-iPS+cell+mice+from+terminally+differentiated+B+cells.">Ascorbic acid prevents loss of Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting and facilitates generation of all-iPS cell mice from terminally differentiated B cells.</a> Nat. Genet. 44, 398-405 (2012).</li><li>Stadtfeld, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aberrant+silencing+of+imprinted+genes+on+chromosome+12qF1+in+mouse+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Aberrant silencing of imprinted genes on chromosome 12qF1 in mouse induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Nature. 465, 175-181 (2010).</li><li>Carey, B. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reprogramming+factor+stoichiometry+influences+the+epigenetic+state+and+biological+properties+of+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Reprogramming factor stoichiometry influences the epigenetic state and biological properties of induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 9, 588-598 (2011).</li><li>Go, W. Y., Ho, S. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+and+direct+comparison+of+the+dimerizer+and+reverse+tet+transcriptional+control+systems.">Optimization and direct comparison of the dimerizer and reverse tet transcriptional control systems.</a> The Journal of Gene Medicine. 4, 258-270 (2002).</li><li>Huangfu, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+by+defined+factors+is+greatly+improved+by+small-molecule+compounds.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells by defined factors is greatly improved by small-molecule compounds.</a> Nature. 26, 795-797 (2008).</li><li>Li, X. -. y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Passage+number+affects+the+pluripotency+of+mouse+embryonic+stem+cells+as+judged+by+tetraploid+embryo+aggregation.">Passage number affects the pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells as judged by tetraploid embryo aggregation.</a> Cell and Tissue Research. 327, 607-614 (2007).</li><li>George, S. H. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developmental+and+adult+phenotyping+directly+from+mutant+embryonic+stem+cells.">Developmental and adult phenotyping directly from mutant embryonic stem cells.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104, 4455-4460 (2007).</li><li>Nagy, A., Gertsenstein, M., Vintersten, K., Behringer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Manipulating the mouse embryo: A laboratory manual. , (2003).</li><li>Kirak, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transnuclear+Mice+with+Pre-defined+T+Cell+Receptor+Specificities+Against+Toxoplasma+gondii+Obtained+Via+SCNT.">Transnuclear Mice with Pre-defined T Cell Receptor Specificities Against Toxoplasma gondii Obtained Via SCNT.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (43), e2168 (2010).</li></ol>

No hay conflictos de interés declarado.

Generación de ratones a partir de líneas de IPSC usando ensayos TEC ofrece una rigurosa prueba funcional de la pluripotencia de una línea de IPSC. Esta prueba puede ser útil para evaluar la eficacia relativa de los diferentes métodos de reprogramación o para identificar líneas de IPSC que pueden ser más útiles para generar ciertos tipos de células in vitro. Los ratones generados a partir de iPSCs puede ser utilizado para probar rigurosamente la estabilidad a largo plazo y la tumorigenicidad de IPSC derivados de tejidos. Este protocolo será de utilidad para los investigadores que deseen generar líneas IPSC plenamente pluripotentes o ratones IPSC o para comparar la utilidad relativa de los diferentes métodos de reprogramación. Los mecanismos que controlan la generación e identificación de iPSCs plenamente pluripotentes tampoco se conoce bien y es posible que algunas líneas de IPSC producido utilizando este método no pasará la prueba TEC. Hay muchos factores que pueden variar entre los experimentos genéticos, incluidos los fondos de titulación lentiviral, los patrones de lentiviral insertion, los parámetros del ciclo celular de la población de donantes, entre laboratorios diferencias en diversas etapas del procedimiento de TEC y propensiones variables de iPSCs para albergar aberraciones genéticas o epigenéticas. Para garantizar el mejor éxito, nos ocupamos de establecer los niveles apropiados de expresión génica lentiviral en experimentos de derivación IPSC probando diluciones virales en MEFs de control para asegurar que cada virus está suficientemente concentrada como para producir la expresión del gen detectable al menos 80% y, preferiblemente, 100% de la MEFs. Esto nos permite identificar líneas con múltiples copias de los lentivirus diferentes, mientras que la toxicidad limitante de la MEFs y producir colonias sin hacinamiento de los pozos. Cabe señalar que varios otros protocolos han demostrado producir iPSCs con potencial de desarrollo completo, utilizando múltiples métodos y fuentes de donantes de células que sugieren que múltiples rutas hacia completo pluripotencia pueden existir 1,8-13,15. En la actualidad, sin embargo, ningún biomarcador definitivo de completamente pluripotentes CMPiSe ha identificado y por lo tanto el ensayo de TEC sigue siendo la prueba patrón oro de si una línea de IPSC puede generar todos los linajes de células en un organismo.

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of the reagent</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue number</td>
			<td>Comments (optional)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM (high glucose)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11965-092</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ES cell qualified FBS</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>104392-024</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>16140-071</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamax</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>35050-061</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&beta;-Mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Sigma M7522</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.1% Gelatin</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>ES006-B</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11140</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medium 199</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11150-059</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ESGRO (murine LIF)</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>ESG1106</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Valproic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P4543</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP231-100</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25200</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS Ca2+/Mg2+</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>14040-133</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS Ca2+/Mg2+ free</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>14190-144</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, for superovulation, freeze-dried, 2,000 IU</td>
			<td>Harbor-UCLA Research Institute</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chorionic gonadotropin, human</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C1063</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FHM medium with Hyaluronidase</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MR-056-F</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KSOM-1/2 AA medium</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MR-106-D</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FHM</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MR-024-D</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water, for embryo transfer, embryo tested</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>W1503</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mineral oil, embryo tested</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M5310</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C7902</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgSO4</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M2773</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-Mannitol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M4125</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin (BSA), embryo tested</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A3311</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse embryonic fibroblasts, non-irradiated</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>PMEF-CFL</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>
			Media and buffers used in this protocol
			HEK293T growth medium. 90% DMEM, 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin and 10 mg/ml streptomycin. Exclude penicillin and streptomycin from HEK media used on day of transfection. HEK medium can be stored at 4 &deg;C for up to 1 month.
			2x HBS. 42 mM Hepes, 274 mM NaCl, 10 mM KCl, 1.5 mM Na2HPO4&middot;7H2O, 12 mM Dextrose. pH to 7.1 +/- 0.1. pH is critical! Sterile filter and store at 4 &deg;C.
			Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) growth medium (also for use with feeders). 70% DMEM, 20% Medium 199, 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin and 10 mg/ml streptomycin. Store at 4 &deg;C for up to 1 month.
			ESC growth medium. 85% DMEM,15% ES cell qualified FBS, 1x Glutamax, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, 0.1 mM &beta;-mercaptoethanol, 1,000 U/ml ESGRO, 100 U/ml penicillin and 10 mg/ml streptomycin. ESC media can be stored at 4 &deg;C for up to three weeks.
			Electrofusion medium. 0.3 M Mannitol, 0.1 mM MgSO4, 50 mM CaCl2, and 3% BSA in embryo tested water. Store at 4 &deg;C for up to 3 months.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of mice derived from induced pluripotent stem cells

La producción de células madre pluripotentes inducidas (iPS) a partir de células somáticas proporciona un medio para crear herramientas valiosas para la investigación básica y también puede producir una fuente de células encontrados en el paciente para terapias regenerativas. iPSCs se pueden generar usando múltiples protocolos y derivados de fuentes múltiples de la célula. Una vez generado, iPSCs se prueban utilizando una variedad de ensayos que incluyen la inmunotinción para marcadores de pluripotencia, generación de tres capas germinales en cuerpos embrioides y los teratomas, las comparaciones de la expresión génica con células madre embrionarias (CME) y la producción de ratones quiméricos con o sin línea germinal contribución 2 . Es importante destacar que las líneas de IPSC que pasan estas pruebas todavía varían en su capacidad para producir diferentes tipos de células diferenciadas 2. Esto ha hecho que sea difícil establecer qué protocolos IPSC derivación, fuentes de donantes de células o los métodos de selección son más útiles para diferentes aplicaciones. La prueba más rigurosade si una línea de células madre tiene el suficiente potencial de desarrollo para generar todos los tejidos necesarios para la supervivencia de un organismo (denominado completo pluripotencia) es la complementación embrión tetraploide (TEC) 3-5. Técnicamente, TEC implica electrofusión de embriones de dos células para generar tetraploides (4n) de una célula de embriones que se pueden cultivar in vitro hasta la etapa de blastocisto 6. Diploide (2N), las células madre pluripotentes (por ejemplo, los CES o IPSCs) se inyectan en la cavidad blastocele del blastocisto tetraploide y se transfiere a una hembra receptora para la gestación (ver Figura 1). El componente tetraploide del embrión complementado contribuye casi exclusivamente a los tejidos extraembrionarios (placenta, saco vitelino), mientras que las células diploides constituye el propio embrión, lo que resulta en un feto deriva totalmente de la línea de células madre inyectados. Recientemente, se informó de la derivación de líneas de IPSC que generan y reproducen los ratones adultospor TCE 1. Estas líneas IPSC dar lugar a crías viables con eficiencias del 5-13%, que es comparable a los CES 3,4,7 y mayor que el reportado para la mayoría de las otras líneas 8-12 IPSC. Estos informes muestran que la reprogramación directa puede producir iPSCs plenamente pluripotentes que coincidan con los CES en su potencial de desarrollo y la eficiencia de la generación de crías en las pruebas de TEC. En la actualidad, no está claro lo que distingue entre iPSCs plenamente pluripotentes y las líneas menos potentes 13-15. Tampoco está claro qué métodos de reprogramación se producen estas líneas con la máxima eficiencia. Aquí se describe un método que produce iPSCs plenamente pluripotentes y &quot;all-IPSC ratones&quot;, que pueden ser útiles para los investigadores que deseen comparar la pluripotencia de las líneas de IPSC o establecer la equivalencia de los diferentes métodos de reprogramación.

In step 3, "Derivation of iPSCs from MEFs", one should observe morphological heterogeneity and immature iPSC colony formation starting 4-5 days after doxycycline/VPA addition and mature colonies between 7-10 days (Figure 2). The production of one-cell tetraploid embryos in step 5 is highly efficient (Figure 3). We routinely observe up to 95% of treated two-cell embryos successfully fuse to produce tetraploid one-cell embryos. The protocol followed to inject iPSCs into tetraploid blastocysts (Step 6, Figure 4) is similar to the protocol for injection of ESCs into diploid blastocysts to generate chimeric mice, and can be performed by an experienced microinjectionist. The number of live pups born depends on the cell line (Table 1).
<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="5">MEF preprogramming efficiency 0.01-0.03%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="5">Efficiency of iPSC mouse production by TEC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr valign="top">
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Description</td>
			<td>Blastocysts injected</td>
			<td>Live Newborn</td>
			<td>Live Adult</td>
		</tr>
		<tr valign="top">
			<td>iMZ-21</td>
			<td>iPSC</td>
			<td>867</td>
			<td>53 (6.1%)</td>
			<td>19 (2.2%)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr valign="top">
			<td>iMZ-9</td>
			<td>iPSC</td>
			<td>195</td>
			<td>7 (3.6%)</td>
			<td>4 (2.1%)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr valign="top">
			<td>iMZ-11</td>
			<td>iPSC</td>
			<td>338</td>
			<td>1(0.3%)</td>
			<td>0 (0%)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
Table 1. Representative Results.
<img alt="Figure 1" fo:content-width="5in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/4003/4003fig1highres.jpg" src="/files/ftp_upload/4003/4003fig1.jpg" /> 
Figure 1. Schematic of experimental design. Top left: Production of tetraploid blastocysts. Fertilized two-cell embryos from albino mice are electrofused to generate tetraploid one-cell embryos, which are cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage. Bottom left: Reprogramming. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts are transduced with lentiviral particles encoding Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc and the reverse tetracycline transactivating protein, rtTAM2.2. Addition of doxycycline results in transgene expression and the initiation of reprogramming to iPSCs. Right: Production of iPSC mice. iPSCs derived from pigmented mice are injected into the blastocoel of tetraploid blastocysts and then surgically implanted into pseudo-pregnant recipient mice. Newborn iPSC mice are delivered by Caesarian section and cross-fostered. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/4003/4003fig1large.jpg" target="_blank"> Click here to view larger figure</a>.
<img alt="Figure 2" fo:content-width="5in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/4003/4003fig2highres.jpg" src="/files/ftp_upload/4003/4003fig2.jpg" /> 
Figure 2. Morphological changes associated with reprogramming. From left to right: Examples of the morphological progression from fibroblasts to iPSC colonies during the course of a reprogramming experiment. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/4003/4003fig2large.jpg" target="_blank"> Click here to view larger figure</a>.
<img alt="Figure 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/4003/4003fig3.jpg" /> 
Figure 3. Production of tetraploid embryos. Diploid two-cell embryos are subjected to an electric pulse resulting in blastomere fusion and generation of one-cell tetraploid embryos.
<img alt="Figure 4" src="/files/ftp_upload/4003/4003fig4.jpg" /> 
Figure 4. Production of iPSC mice. Left: iPSCs are injected into the blastocoel of a tetraploid blastocyst. Middle: Newborn iPSC mice are distinguished by pigmented eyes. Right: iPSC mouse at three weeks post-delivery.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Mice Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Generation of Mice Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Generación de células madre pluripotentes inducidas (IPSC) Líneas produce líneas con diferente potencial de desarrollo aún cuando pasan las pruebas estándar de pluripotencia. Aquí se describe un protocolo para producir ratones totalmente derivadas de iPS, que define las líneas de IPSC como poseedor completo pluripotencia<sup&gt; 1</sup&gt;.

Generación de ratones derivados de células madre pluripotentes inducidas

The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides a means to create valuable tools for basic research and may also ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with a Four Transcription Factor, Doxycycline Inducible Lentiviral Transduction System

Generación de células madre pluripotentes inducidas por reprogramación de fibroblastos embrionarios de ratón con un factor de transcripción Cuatro, doxiciclina inducible sistema de transducción de lentivirales

Using a defined set of transcription factors and cell culture conditions, Yamanaka and colleagues demonstrated that retrovirus-mediated delivery and ...

Investigación

Biología

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Human Fibroblasts with the Stemgent Human TF Lentivirus Set

Generación de células madre pluripotentes inducidas por reprogramación de fibroblastos humanos con los Lentivirus Stemgent Humanos TF Set

In 2006, Yamanaka and colleagues first demonstrated that retrovirus-mediated delivery and expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 is capable of inducing ...

Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Transfección y Nucleofecting Humanos células madre pluripotentes inducidas

Genetic modification is continuing to be an essential tool in studying stem cell biology and in setting forth potential clinical applications of human ...

Selecting and Isolating Colonies of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed from Adult Fibroblasts

Selección y aislamiento de las colonias de humanos células madre pluripotentes inducidas a partir de fibroblastos adultos Reprogramado

Herein we present a protocol of reprogramming human adult fibroblasts into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) using retroviral vectors encoding ...

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

La reprogramación de células somáticas humanas en células madre pluripotentes inducidas (iPSCs) utilizando el vector retroviral con las buenas prácticas agrarias

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent and an invaluable cellular sources for in vitro disease modeling and regenerative medicine1. It has ...

Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Peripheral Blood Using the STEMCCA Lentiviral Vector

Generación de las células madre pluripotentes inducidas a partir de sangre periférica mediante el STEMCCA vector lentiviral

Through the ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and cMyc, human somatic cells can be converted to a pluripotent state, ...

Rapid and Efficient Generation of Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Multititre Plate Format

Generación rápida y eficiente de las neuronas a partir de células madre pluripotentes en un formato de placa Multititre

Existing protocols for the generation of neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are often tedious in that they are  multistep procedures ...

Generation of Human Cardiomyocytes: A Differentiation Protocol from Feeder-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

La generación de cardiomiocitos humanos: Protocolo de diferenciación de células madre pluripotentes inducidas humanas Feeder libres

In order to investigate the events driving heart development and to determine the molecular mechanisms leading to myocardial diseases in humans, it is ...

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

Eficiente generación, por actividad humana células madre pluripotentes de células somáticas humanas con virus Sendai-

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs ...

Subtype-specific Optical Action Potential Recordings in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Ventricular Cardiomyocytes

Potencial de acción óptica específica de subtipo grabaciones en humanos inducida por cardiomiocitos ventriculares derivadas de células madre pluripotentes

Cardiomyocytes generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) are an emerging tool in cardiovascular research. Rather than being a ...