Name: functional neuroimaging using ultrasonic blood-brain barrier disruption and manganese-enhanced mri
Uploaded: 2012-07-12T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Functional Neuroimaging Using Ultrasonic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Manganese-enhanced MRI at JoVE.com

Alt arbeid ble utført ved Duke Center for In Vivo Mikroskopi, en NIH / NIBIB nasjonal Biomedical Technology Resource Center (P41 EB015897) og NCI Small Animal Imaging Resource Program (U24 CA092656). Ytterligere støtte ble gitt fra NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (2003014921).

1. Monter og Kalibrer Ultrasound System <ol><li> Ultralyd systemet begynner med en enkelt-element ultralyd svinger med en diameter bred nok til å dekke musen hjernen og et senter frekvens i størrelsesorden 2 MHz. Svingeren er drevet av en 50-dB-effektforsterker, som er koblet til en signal generator som produserer ultralyd puls sekvens. </li><li> For å kalibrere lydtrykk av ultralyd, kan du bruke en hydrofon å forholde spenningen til den resulterende lydtrykk. Plasser svingeren i en vanntank over hydrofonen. Påf?...

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Her ble en metode presentert for invasivt åpne BBB hele musen hjernen med ultralyd og mikrobobler (BOMUS). Med BBB åpen, Mn 2 + ble administrert og aktivisering-indusert mangan-enhanced MR (AIM MR) ble brukt til bilde nerveaktivitet ved kort varighet stimulering i lett sederte mus. Tilstrekkelig BBB åpningen ble oppnådd med en topp-negativ lydtrykk på 0,36 MPa. Obs, er dette trykket ved hodebunnen overflate i midten av ultralyd strålen. Målinger av enkelt-element svinger st...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Navn på reagensen </td><td> Firma </td><td> Katalognummer </td><td> Kommentarer </td></tr><tr><td> Hydrofon </td><td> Sonora Medical Systems, Longmont, CA </td><td> SN S4-251 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Oversettelse scenen </td><td> Newport Corporation, Irvine, CA </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Ultralyd transducer </td><td> Olympus NDT, Inc., Waltham MA </td><td> A306S-SU </td><td> Gjennomgå produsentens test ark som følger svingeren for å finne den eksakte sentrum frekvensen av den aktuelle svinger, som kan avvike fra nominell frekvens oppført i katalogen. (F.eks, var den nominelle frekvensen av svinger vår 2,25 MHz, men selve sentrum frekvensen 2,15 MHz.) </td></tr><tr><td> Vevo Imaging Station </td><td> VisualSonics, Inc. Toronto, Canada </td><td>; </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 50 dB effektforsterker </td><td> E &amp; I, Rochester, NY </td><td> modell 240L </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Signal generator </td><td> Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA </td><td> Modellen 33220A </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> MnCl 2 - (H2O) 4 </td><td> Sigma </td><td></td><td> Molekylvekt varierer fra batch, kan du ringe produsenten for nøyaktig måling </td></tr><tr><td> Perflutren lipid mikrosfærer </td><td> Lantheus Medical Imaging, N. Billerica, MA </td><td> DEFINITY </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Mikrosfære agitator </td><td> Lantheus Medical Imaging, N. Billerica, MA </td><td> VIALMIX </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> MR spole </td><td> M2M Imaging Corp, Hillcrest, OH </td><td></td><td> 35 mm diameter kvadratur sende / motta volum spole </td></tr><tr><td> MR-system </td><td> GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI </td><td></td><td> GE EXCITE konsoll drive et 7-T horisontal boring magnet </td></tr><tr><td> Bildeanalyse miljø </td><td> Visage Imaging, San Diego, CA, MathWorks, Natick MA </td><td> Amira MATLAB </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

functional neuroimaging using ultrasonic blood-brain barrier disruption and manganese-enhanced mri

Selv om mus er den dominerende modellen system for å studere de genetiske og molekylære grunnlaget for nevromedisin, funksjonell Bildediagnostiske i mus forblir teknisk utfordrende. En tilnærming, Activation-Induced manganfosfatbelegg forbedret MR (AIM MRI), har blitt brukt med hell for å kartlegge neuronal aktivitet i gnagere 1-5. I AIM MR, Mn 2 + fungerer en kalsium analog og akkumuleres i depolarized nevroner 6,7. Fordi Mn 2 + forkorter T 1 vev eiendom, vil regioner av forhøyet nerveaktiviten forbedre i MR. Videre Mn 2 + forsvinner sakte fra de aktiverte regionene, og derfor kan stimulering utføres utenfor magneten før bildebehandling, slik at større eksperimentell fleksibilitet. Men fordi Mn 2 + ikke krysser lett blod-hjerne barrieren (BBB), behovet for å åpne BBB har begrenset bruken av AIM MR, særlig i mus. Ett verktøy for å åpne BBB er ultrasound. Selv om potensielt skadelig, hvis ultralyd gis i kombinasjon med gassfylte mikrobobler (dvs. ultralyd kontrastmidler), er den akustiske trykket som er nødvendig for BBB åpningen betydelig lavere. Denne kombinasjonen av ultralyd og mikrobobler kan brukes til pålitelig åpne BBB uten å forårsake vevsskade 8-11. Her er en metode presenteres for utføring AIM MRI ved hjelp av mikrobobler og ultralyd for å åpne BBB. Etter en intravenøs injeksjon av perflutren mikrobobler, er en ufokusert pulset ultralyd strålen brukes på barbert mus hodet i 3 minutter. For enkelhets skyld kaller vi denne teknikken av BBB Åpning med mikrobobler og ultralyd som BOMUS 12. Bruke BOMUS å åpne BBB gjennom begge hjernens hemisfærer, er mangan gis til hele musen hjernen. Etter eksperimentell stimulering av lett sederte mus, er AIM MR brukes til å kartlegge nerveaktivitet. Tildemonstrere denne tilnærmingen, er her BOMUS og AIM MR brukes til å kartlegge ensidig mekanisk stimulering av vibrissae i lett sederte mus 13. Fordi BOMUS kan åpne BBB gjennom begge halvkuler er unstimulated side av hjernen som brukes til å kontrollere for ikke-spesifikk bakgrunn stimulering. Den resulterende 3D-aktivering kart stemmer godt med publisert fremstillinger av vibrissae regioner av fat feltet cortex 14. Den ultrasoniske åpningen av BBB er rask, noninvasive, og reversible, og dermed denne tilnærmingen er egnet for høy gjennomstrømning og / eller longitudinelle studier i våken mus.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Functional Neuroimaging Using Ultrasonic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Manganese-enhanced MRI at JoVE.com

Functional Neuroimaging Using Ultrasonic Blood-brain Barrier Disruption and Manganese-enhanced MRI

En teknikk er beskrevet for bredt åpne blod-hjerne barrieren hos mus ved hjelp av mikrobobler og ultralyd. Ved hjelp av denne teknikken, kan mangan gis til musen hjernen. Fordi mangan er en MR kontrastmiddel som akkumuleres i depolarized nevroner, gjør denne tilnærmingen avbildning av neuronal aktivitet.

Funksjonell Bildediagnostiske Bruke Ultrasonic blod-hjerne barrieren avbrudd og mangan forbedret MR

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