Name: protein misfolding cyclic amplification of prions
Uploaded: 2012-11-07T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions at JoVE.com

Vi ønsker å takke dr. Vesper Fe Marie Ramos for kritisk lesning av manuskriptet. Dette arbeidet ble støttet av National Center for Research Resources (P20 RR0115635-6, C06 RR17417-01 og G20RR024001) og Nasjonalt institutt for nevrologiske lidelser og hjerneslag (2R01 NS052609).

1. Klargjøre utstyr <ol><li> Bruk en Misonix 3000 eller Misonix 4000 sonikator (Farmingdale, NY) som er koblet til en Thermo Electron Neslab EX-7 vannbad (Newington, NH) å holde en konstant temperatur på 37 ° C. Sonicate prøvene i 200 ul tynnveggede PCR rør strimler med domed caps hentet fra Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA). </li><li> En helt ny sonikator krever en &quot;break-in&quot; periode med kontinuerlig drift 9. En to-måneders innkjøringsperiode består av en 40-sek sonikering burst og 10-minu...

<ol>
	<li>Ayers, J. I., Schutt, C. R., Shikiya, R. A., Aguzzi, A., Kincaid, A. E., Bartz, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+strain-encoded+relationship+between+PrP+replication,+stability+and+processing+in+neurons+is+predictive+of+the+incubation+period+of+disease.">The strain-encoded relationship between PrP replication, stability and processing in neurons is predictive of the incubation period of disease.</a> PLoS pathogens. 7, e1001317 (2011).</li><li>Barria, M. A., Mukherjee, A., Gonzalez-Romero, D., Morales, R., Soto, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=De+novo+generation+of+infectious+prions+in+vitro+produces+a+new+disease+phenotype.">De novo generation of infectious prions in vitro produces a new disease phenotype.</a> PLoS Pathog. 5, e1000421 (2009).</li><li>Bessen, R. A., Marsh, R. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biochemical+and+physical+properties+of+the+prion+protein+from+two+strains+of+the+transmissible+mink+encephalopathy+agent.">Biochemical and physical properties of the prion protein from two strains of the transmissible mink encephalopathy agent.</a> J. Virol. 66, 2096-2101 (1992).</li><li>Bessen, R. A., Marsh, R. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+PrP+properties+suggest+the+molecular+basis+of+strain+variation+in+transmissible+mink+encephalopathy.">Distinct PrP properties suggest the molecular basis of strain variation in transmissible mink encephalopathy.</a> J. Virol. 68, 7859-7868 (1994).</li><li>Bessen, R. A., Marsh, R. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+two+biologically+distinct+strains+of+transmissible+mink+encephalopathy+in+hamsters.">Identification of two biologically distinct strains of transmissible mink encephalopathy in hamsters.</a> J. Gen. Virol. 73, 329-334 (1992).</li><li>Castilla, J., Gonzalez-Romero, D., Saa, P., Morales, R., De Castro, J., Soto, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crossing+the+species+barrier+by+PrP(Sc)+replication+in+vitro+generates+unique+infectious+prions.">Crossing the species barrier by PrP(Sc) replication in vitro generates unique infectious prions.</a> Cell. 134, 757-768 (2008).</li><li>Castilla, J., Morales, R., Saa, P., Barria, M., Gambetti, P., Soto, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell-free+propagation+of+prion+strains.">Cell-free propagation of prion strains.</a> EMBO J. 27, 2557-2566 (2008).</li><li>Caughey, B., Raymond, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+scrapie-associated+form+of+PrP+is+made+from+a+cell+surface+precursor+that+is+both+protease-+and+phospholipase-sensitive.">The scrapie-associated form of PrP is made from a cell surface precursor that is both protease- and phospholipase-sensitive.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 266, 18217-18223 (1991).</li><li>Deleault, N. R., Harris, B. T., Rees, J. R., Supattapone, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formation+of+native+prions+from+minimal+components+in+vitro.">Formation of native prions from minimal components in vitro.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104, 9741-9746 (2007).</li><li>Dickinson, A. G., Fraser, H., Meikle, V. M., Outram, G. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Competition+between+different+scrapie+agents+in+mice.">Competition between different scrapie agents in mice.</a> Nat. New Biol. 237, 244-245 (1972).</li><li>Gonzalez-Romero, D., Barria, M. A., Leon, P., Morales, R., Soto, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+infectious+prions+in+urine.">Detection of infectious prions in urine.</a> FEBS Lett. 582, 3161-3166 (2008).</li><li>Green, K. M., Castilla, J., Seward, T. S., Napier, D. L., Jewell, J. E., Soto, C., Telling, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accelerated+high+fidelity+prion+amplification+within+and+across+prion+species+barriers.">Accelerated high fidelity prion amplification within and across prion species barriers.</a> PLoS Pathog. 4, e1000139 (2008).</li><li>Hadlow, W. J., Race, R. E., Kennedy, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+distribution+of+transmissible+mink+encephalopathy+virus+in+mink+inoculated+subcutaneously.">Temporal distribution of transmissible mink encephalopathy virus in mink inoculated subcutaneously.</a> J. Virol. 61, 3235-3240 (1987).</li><li>Kocisko, D. A., Come, J. H., Priola, S. A., Chesebro, B., Raymond, G. J., Lansbury, P. T., Caughey, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell-free+formation+of+protease-resistant+prion+protein.">Cell-free formation of protease-resistant prion protein.</a> Nature. 370, 471-474 (1994).</li><li>Kurt, T. D., Telling, G. C., Zabel, M. D., Hoover, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trans-species+amplification+of+PrP(CWD)+and+correlation+with+rigid+loop+170N.">Trans-species amplification of PrP(CWD) and correlation with rigid loop 170N.</a> Virology. 387, 3235-3240 (2009).</li><li>Maddison, B. C., Baker, C. A., Terry, L. A., Bellworthy, S. J., Thorne, L., Rees, H. C., Gough, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Environmental+sources+of+scrapie+prions.">Environmental sources of scrapie prions.</a> J. Virol. 84, 11560-11562 (2010).</li><li>Nichols, T. A., Pulford, B., Wyckoff, A. C., Meyerett, C., Michel, B., Gertig, K., Hoover, E. A., Jewell, J. E., Telling, G. C., Zabel, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+protease-resistant+cervid+prion+protein+in+water+from+a+CWD-endemic+area.">Detection of protease-resistant cervid prion protein in water from a CWD-endemic area.</a> Prion. 3, 171-183 (2009).</li><li>Prusiner, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+proteinaceous+infectious+particles+cause+scrapie.">Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie.</a> Science. 216, 136-144 (1982).</li><li>Saborio, G. P., Permanne, B., Soto, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensitive+detection+of+pathological+prion+protein+by+cyclic+amplification+of+protein+misfolding.">Sensitive detection of pathological prion protein by cyclic amplification of protein misfolding.</a> Nature. 411, 810-813 (2001).</li><li>Saunders, S. E., Bartz, J. C., Vercauteren, K. C., Bartelt-Hunt, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+enzymatic+treatment+of+soil-bound+prions+effectively+inhibits+replication.">An enzymatic treatment of soil-bound prions effectively inhibits replication.</a> Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77, 4313-4317 (2011).</li><li>Saunders, S. E., Shikiya, R. A., Langenfeld, K., Bartelt-Hunt, S. L., Bartz, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Replication+efficiency+of+soil-bound+prions+varies+with+soil+type.">Replication efficiency of soil-bound prions varies with soil type.</a> Journal of virology. , (2011).</li><li>Schutt, C. R., Bartz, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prion+interference+with+multiple+prion+isolates.">Prion interference with multiple prion isolates.</a> Prion. 2, 61-63 (2008).</li><li>Shikiya, R. A., Ayers, J. I., Schutt, C. R., Kincaid, A. E., Bartz, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Co-infecting+prion+strains+compete+for+a+limiting+cellular+resource.">Co-infecting prion strains compete for a limiting cellular resource.</a> Journal of. 84, 5706-5714 (2010).</li><li>Shikiya, R. A., Bartz, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+generation+of+high+titer+prions.">In vitro generation of high titer prions.</a> Journal of virology. , (2011).</li><li>Weber, P., Giese, A., Piening, N., Mitteregger, G., Thomzig, A., Beekes, M., Kretzschmar, H. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+genuine+prion+infectivity+by+serial+PMCA.">Generation of genuine prion infectivity by serial PMCA.</a> Veterinary microbiology. 123, 346-357 (2007).</li></ol>

Utfordringer for å forsterke smittsomme prion proteiner er de lange inkubasjonsperioder og utgifter in vivo eksperimenter. Den PMCA teknikken er en kostnadseffektiv måte å forsterke smittsomme prion agenter. Flere laboratorier har bekreftet evne PMCA å nøyaktig forsterke prion stammer i 7 vitro, 9, 12, 14, 19,24. Prionsykdommer kan overføres mellom arter. Bessen og Marsh har effektivt inokulert hamstere med overførbare mink encefalopati, som produ...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Reagens / utstyr </td><td> Produsent </td><td> Kat. Nummer </td></tr><tr><td> Misonix 3000 </td><td> Misonix </td><td> S-3000 </td></tr><tr><td> Misonix 4000 </td><td> Misonix </td><td> S-4000 </td></tr><tr><td> Tenbroeck Tissue Grinder </td><td> Kontes </td><td> 885000-0007 </td></tr><tr><td> Neslab EX-7 Water Bath </td><td> Thermo Electron </td><td> Neslab EX-7 </td></tr><tr><td> 0,2 ml PCR rørstrips </td><td> Thermo Scientific </td><td> AB-0451 </td></tr><tr><td> Triton X-100 </td><td> Sigma Aldrich </td><td> T9284-100ML </td></tr><tr><td> Komplett Protease Inhibitor </td><td> Roche </td><td> 11 697 498 001 </td></tr><tr><td> EDTA </td><td> JT Baker </td><td> 4040-00 </td></tr><tr><td> DPBS </td><td> Mallinckrodt Baker Mediatech </td><td> 21-031-CV </td></tr><tr><td> Versi-Dry Lab Soakers </td><td> Fisher Scientific </td><td> 14 206 28 </td></tr><tr><td> Repti Therm Heater </td><td> Zoo Med Laboratories, Inc. </td><td> RH-4 </td></tr></tbody></table>

protein misfolding cyclic amplification of prions

Prioner er smittestoffer som forårsaker uunngåelig dødelig overførbar spongiform encefalopati (TSE) hos dyr og mennesker 9,18. Prionproteinet har to distinkte isoformer, den ikke-infeksiøs vert-kodet protein (PrP C) og infeksiøs protein (PrP Sc), en unormalt-foldet isoform av PrP C 8. En av utfordringene ved å jobbe med prion agenter er den lange inkubasjonstiden før utviklingen av kliniske tegn som følger vert vaksinasjon 13. Dette tradisjonelt mandat lange og dyre dyr bioassay studier. Videre er de biokjemiske og biofysiske egenskaper PrP Sc dårlig karakterisert på grunn av deres uvanlige konformasjon og aggregering stater. PrP Sc kan frø omdannelsen av PrP C til PrP Sc in vitro 14. PMCA er en in vitro teknikk som tar Advantage av denne evnen hjelp sonikering og inkubering sykluser å produsere store mengder av PrP Sc, i en akselererende hastighet, fra et system som inneholder overskytende mengder PrP C og små mengder av PrP Sc frø 19. Denne teknikken har vist seg å effektivt rekapitulere arten og belastning spesifisitet av PrP Sc konvertering fra PrP C, for å etterligne prion belastning forstyrrelser, og å forsterke svært lave nivåer av PrP Sc fra infiserte vev, væsker, og miljøprøver 6,7,16, 23. Dette papiret beskriver PMCA protokollen, inkludert anbefalinger for å minimere forurensning, genererer konsistente resultater, og kvantifisering disse resultatene. Vi diskuterer også flere PMCA programmer, inkludert produksjon og karakterisering av smittsomme prion stammer, prion belastning forstyrrelser, og påvisning av prioner i miljøet.

Protein misfolding syklisk forsterkning (PMCA) blir brukt til å forsterke PrP Sc in vitro 7, 12, 14, 19, 24. En vellykket PrP Sc amplifikasjon er vist av en økning i bandet intensitet på Western blot av PK-resistent prionproteinet (migrere mellom 19 og 30 kDa for hamster-avledede prion stammer) som vist i figur 3.. Økningen i sitt band intensitet etter PMCA indikerer amplifikasjon av PK-resistent PrP Sc materiale. Vellykket amplifikasjon av hamste...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions at JoVE.com

Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Prions

Protein misfolding syklisk forsterkning (PMCA) er en in vitro test for studiet av prion konvertering og sil og arter barrierer. Den kan også brukes som en prion deteksjon assay.

Protein misfolding Syklisk Forsterkning av Prioner

Prions  are infectious agents that cause the inevitably fatal transmissible spongiform  encephalopathy (TSE) in animals and humans9,18. The prion protein ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

En komparativ tilnærming til preger landskapet av Host-patogenfrie Protein-protein interaksjoner

Significant efforts were gathered to generate  large-scale comprehensive protein-protein interaction network maps. This is  instrumental to understand the ...

Procedures for Identifying Infectious Prions After Passage Through the Digestive System of an Avian Species

Rutiner for å identifisere Smittsomme Prions Etter passasje gjennom fordøyelsessystemet til en fuglearter

Infectious prion (PrPRes) material is likely the cause of fatal, neurodegenerative transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases1. Transmission ...

Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

Demonstrerer en multiresistent<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em&gt; Amplification Mikromatrise

Simplifying microarray workflow is a necessary first step for creating MDR-TB microarray-based diagnostics that can be routinely used in lower-resource ...

Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assays for the Species-specific Detection of Eimeria that Infect Chickens

Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification LAMP Assays for the Species-specific Detection of Eimeria that Infect Chickens

Loop-mediert Isotermisk forsterkning (LAMP) Analyser for Artenes spesifikke Påvisning av<em&gt; Eimeria</em&gt; Som infiserer Kyllinger

Eimeria species parasites, protozoa which cause the enteric disease coccidiosis, pose a serious threat to the production and welfare of chickens. In the ...

The Development of Lyophilized Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Reagents for the Detection of Coxiella burnetii

The Development of Lyophilized Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Reagents for the Detection of Coxiella burnetii

Utvikling av lyofilisert Loop-mediert Isotermiske amplifiseringsreagenser for deteksjon av<em&gt; Coxiella burnetii</em

Coxiella burnetii, the agent causing Q fever, is an obligate intracellular bacterium. PCR based diagnostic assays have been developed for detecting C. ...

Real-time Quaking-induced Conversion Assay for Detection of CWD Prions in Fecal Material

Sanntid skjelvende-indusert konvertering analysen for påvisning av CWD prioner i Fecal materiale

The RT-QuIC technique is a sensitive in vitro cell-free prion amplification assay based mainly on the seeded misfolding and aggregation of recombinant ...

Building Up a High-throughput Screening Platform to Assess the Heterogeneity of HER2 Gene Amplification in Breast Cancers

Bygge opp en høy gjennomstrømming Screening plattform å vurdere heterogenitet HER2 genet forsterkning i brystkreft

Targeted therapies against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have radically changed the outcome of patients with HER2-positive breast ...

Dissecting Multi-protein Signaling Complexes by Bimolecular Complementation Affinity Purification (BiCAP)

Dissecting Multi-protein Signaling Complexes by Bimolecular Complementation Affinity Purification BiCAP

Dissekere multi protein signalnettverk komplekser av resultatet av dette Complementation affinitet rensing (BiCAP)

The assembly of protein complexes is a central mechanism underlying the regulation of many cell signaling pathways. A major focus of biomedical research ...

Automated Behavioral Analysis of Large C. elegans Populations Using a Wide Field-of-view Tracking Platform

Automated Behavioral Analysis of Large C. elegans Populations Using a Wide Field-of-view Tracking Platform

Automatisert atferdsdata analyse av store C. elegans bestander bruke et bredt felt-of-view sporing Platform

Caenorhabditis elegans is a well-established animal model in biomedical research, widely employed in functional genomics and ageing studies. To assess the ...

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Generasjon, forsterkning og titrering rekombinant respiratorisk Syncytial virus

The use of recombinant viruses has become crucial in basic or applied virology. Reverse genetics has been proven to be an extremely powerful technology, ...