Name: training a sophisticated microsurgical technique: interposition of external jugular vein graft in the common carotid artery in rats
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Training a Sophisticated Microsurgical Technique: Interposition of External Jugular Vein Graft in the Common Carotid Artery in Rats at JoVE.com

इस अध्ययन अनुसंधान RWTH आकिन विश्वविद्यालय, जर्मनी (: 690753 स्टार्ट &quot;Arterialisation venöser Gefäße मरो&quot; शीर्षक) की चिकित्सा संकाय के संवर्धन कार्यक्रम &quot;स्टार्ट&quot; द्वारा वित्त पोषित किया गया था. हम उसे उत्कृष्ट संपादन सहायता के लिए श्रीमती मैरी Joan Blümich धन्यवाद देना चाहूंगा.

1. प्रायोगिक पशुओं <ol><li> सभी प्रयोगों जो पशु संरक्षण FELASA दिशा निर्देशों के साथ अनुसार, प्रदर्शन के लिए एक स्थानीय आचार समिति अनुमोदन प्राप्त है. </li><li> महिला Sprague-Dawley चूहों के लिए किसी भी व्यावसायिक ब्रीडर (जै?...

<ol>
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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+transfer+of+a+broad+spectrum+CC-chemokine+inhibitor+reduces+vein+graft+atherosclerosis+in+apolipoprotein+E-knockout+mice.">Gene transfer of a broad spectrum CC-chemokine inhibitor reduces vein graft atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice.</a> Circulation. 30, 1235-1241 (2005).</li><li>Zou, J., Zhang, X., Yang, H., Zhu, Y., Ma, H., Wang, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapamycin-loaded+nanoparticles+for+inhibition+of+neointimal+hyperplasia+in+experimental+vein+grafts.">Rapamycin-loaded nanoparticles for inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia in experimental vein grafts.</a> Ann. Vasc. Surg. 25, 538-546 (2011).</li><li>Wang, J., Liu, K., Shen, L., Wu, H., Jing, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+interfering+RNA+to+c-myc+inhibits+vein+graft+restenosis+in+a+rat+vein+graft+model.">Small interfering RNA to c-myc inhibits vein graft restenosis in a rat vein graft model.</a> J. Surg. Res. 169, e85-e91 (2011).</li><li>Schachner, T., Zou, Y., Oberhuber, A., Mairinger, T., Tzankov, A., Laufer, G., Ott, H., Bonatti, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perivascular+application+of+C-type+natriuretic+peptide+attenuates+neointimal+hyperplasia+in+experimental+vein+grafts.">Perivascular application of C-type natriuretic peptide attenuates neointimal hyperplasia in experimental vein grafts.</a> Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 25, 585-590 (2004).</li><li>Thomas, A. C., Newby, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+matrix+metalloproteinase-9+knockout+on+vein+graft+remodelling+in+mice.">Effect of matrix metalloproteinase-9 knockout on vein graft remodelling in mice.</a> J. Vasc. Res. 47, 299-308 (2010).</li></ol>

आम मन्या धमनी में एक बाहरी गले नस भ्रष्टाचार Interposing एक परिष्कृत microsurgery तकनीक है. इस वीडियो में मदद करता है नौसिखिया सर्जन प्रायोगिक पशुओं के एक कम कचरे के साथ कम से कम समय में इस तकनीक गुरु. Inhalative सं?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> अभिकर्मक के नाम </td><td> कंपनी </td><td> सूचीपत्र संख्या </td><td> टिप्पणियां </td></tr><tr><td> लट सिल्क काला 7-0 </td><td> Ethicon उत्पाद </td><td> 892100 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 3-0 Vicryl </td><td> Ethicon उत्पाद </td><td> J285G </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 4-0 Vicryl </td><td> Ethicon उत्पाद </td><td> J284G </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Portex गैर बाँझ नायलॉन टयूबिंग 0.75 मिमी, 0.94 मिमी ठीक बोर Polyethylene ट्यूबिंग (पॉलिथीन) </td><td> Portex ब्रिटेन </td><td> 800/200/175/100 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 5% Isofluorane </td><td></td><td></td><td> कोई genericon </td></tr><tr><td> हेपरिन </td><td></td><td></td><td> कोई genericon </td></tr><tr><td> 0.9% खारा </td><td></td><td&gt; </td><td> कोई genericon </td></tr><tr><td> Buprenorphine </td><td></td><td></td><td> कोई genericon </td></tr></tbody></table>

training a sophisticated microsurgical technique: interposition of external jugular vein graft in the common carotid artery in rats

Neointimal hyperplasia arterialized नसों कि धमनी कोरोनरी बाईपास सर्जरी में महान के रूप में के रूप में अच्छी तरह से arteriovenous fistulas में परिधीय धमनी बाईपास सर्जरी में, महत्व के हैं में एक प्रकार का रोग के मुख्य कारणों में 1-5 आम मन्या धमनी में नस भ्रष्टाचार क्षेपक की प्रयोगात्मक प्रक्रिया कफ तकनीक का उपयोग करके कई अनुसंधान परियोजनाओं में लागू किया गया है neointimal hyperplasia और चिकित्सीय विकल्पों में यह पता करने की aetiology की जांच 6-8 कफ पोत शाखामिलन संबंधी remodeling रोकता है और अनुचित लाभ कमाने की चेष्टा करना भीतर अशांति लाती है और इस तरह neointimal hyperplasia के विकास. का प्रयोग बेहतर caval नस भ्रष्टाचार शिरापरक उपर्युक्त क्रिया प्रयोग के लिए एक स्थापित छोटे पशु मॉडल है 9-11 यह वर्तमान प्रोटोकॉल एक स्थापित कंठ का नस भ्रष्टाचार क्षेपक पहले Zou एट अल द्वारा वर्णित तकनीक. 9 के रूप में के रूप में अच्छी तरह से दूसरों के लिए संदर्भित करता है. 12-14 </sup&gt; फिर भी, इन में उद्धृत किया छोटे जानवर प्रोटोकॉल जटिल हैं. प्रक्रिया को सरल बनाने के लिए और के लिए प्रयोगात्मक जरूरत जानवरों की संख्या कम से कम, वीडियो प्रशिक्षण के द्वारा एक विस्तृत आपरेशन प्रोटोकॉल प्रस्तुत किया है. इस वीडियो नौसिखिए सर्जन की मदद करने के लिए दोनों कफ तकनीक और नस भ्रष्टाचार क्षेपक सीखना चाहिए. इसके द्वारा, सही बाहरी गले नस कफ तकनीक में 21 महिला Sprague Dawley कि 21 दिन, 42 और 84, क्रमशः पर बलिदान किया गया तीन बराबर समूहों में वर्गीकृत चूहों के आम मन्या धमनी में grafted किया गया था. विशेष रूप से, कोई दाता जानवरों की जरूरत थे और है क्योंकि ऑटो प्रत्यारोपण प्रदर्शन किया गया. बलिदान के समय बिंदु पर जीवित रहने की दर 100% थी. इसके अलावा, भ्रष्टाचार प्रत्यक्षता दर पहले 10 जानवरों के लिए संचालित 60% और शेष 11 जानवरों के लिए 82% थी. बलिदान के समय रक्त के प्रवाह 8 ± 3 मिलीग्राम / मिनट था. अंत में इस शल्य चिकित्सा प्रोटोकॉल काफी सरल, अनुकूलन, और इस COMP मानकीकरणप्रक्रिया licated. यह नौसिखिए सर्जनों आसान, कदम दर कदम अनुदेश देता है, संभव नुकसान समझा, जिससे उन्हें विशेषज्ञता हासिल करने के लिए तेजी से और प्रायोगिक पशुओं के बेकार बलिदान से बचने में मदद.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Training a Sophisticated Microsurgical Technique: Interposition of External Jugular Vein Graft in the Common Carotid Artery in Rats at JoVE.com

Training a Sophisticated Microsurgical Technique: Interposition of External Jugular Vein Graft in the Common Carotid Artery in Rats

Neointimal hyperplasia arterialized रगों में एक प्रकार का रोग का प्राथमिक कारण है. हम एक नए प्रोटोकॉल जिससे सही बाहरी गले नस grafted है Sprague Dawley चूहों के आम मन्या धमनी में कफ तकनीक का उपयोग का प्रस्ताव है. बलिदान के समय बिंदु पर जीवित रहने की दर 100% थी.

चूहों में आम मन्या धमनी में बाहरी गले नस भ्रष्टाचार के दखल: एक परिष्कृत microsurgical तकनीक प्रशिक्षण

Neointimal hyperplasia is one the primary causes of stenosis in arterialized veins that are of great importance in arterial coronary bypass surgery, in ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Adult Mouse Venous Hypertension Model: Common Carotid Artery to External Jugular Vein Anastomosis.

The understanding of the pathophysiology of brain arteriovenous malformations and arteriovenous fistulas has improved thanks to animal models. A rat model creating an artificial fistula between the common carotid artery (CCA) and the external jugular vein (EJV) has been widely described and proved technically feasible. This construct provokes a consistent cerebral venous hypertension (CVH), and therefore has helped studying the contribution of venous hypertension to formation, clinical symptoms, and prognosis of brain AVMs and dural AVFs. Equivalent mice models have been only scarcely described and have shown trouble with stenosis of the fistula. An established murine model would allow the study of not only pathophysiology but also potential genetic therapies for these cerebrovascular diseases.
We present a model of arteriovenous fistula that produces a durable intracranial venous hypertension in the mouse. Microsurgical anastomosis of the murine CCA and EJV can be difficult due to diminutive anatomy and frequently result in a non-patent fistula. In this step-by-step protocol we address all the important challenges encountered during this procedure. Avoiding excessive retraction of the vein during the exposure, using 11-0 sutures instead of 10-0, and making a carefully planned end-to-side anastomosis are some of the critical steps. Although this method requires advanced microsurgical skills and a longer learning curve that the equivalent in the rat, it can be consistently developed.
This novel model has been designed to integrate transgenic mouse techniques with a previously well-established experimental system that has proved useful to study brain AVMs and dural AVFs. By opening the possibility of using transgenic mice, a broader spectrum of valid models can be achieved and genetic treatments can also be tested. The experimental construct could also be further adapted to the study of other cerebrovascular diseases related with venous hypertension such as migraine, transient global amnesia, transient monocular blindness, etc.

We describe a method for creating a reliable model of cerebral venous hypertension in the adult mouse. This model has been widely described and tested in the rat. This new counterpart in the mice opens the possibility of using genetic modified animals and thereby broadens the applications of the model.

वयस्क माउस शिरापरक उच्च रक्तचाप आदर्श: बाहरी गले नस सम्मिलन के लिए आम मन्या धमनी।

The understanding of the pathophysiology of brain arteriovenous malformations and arteriovenous fistulas has improved thanks to animal models. A rat model ...

Catheterization of the Carotid Artery and Jugular Vein to Perform Hemodynamic Measures, Infusions and Blood Sampling in a Conscious Rat Model

The success of a small animal model to study critical illness is, in part, dependent on the ability of the model to simulate the human condition. Intra-tracheal inoculation of a known amount of bacteria has been successfully used to reproduce the pathogenesis of pneumonia which then develops into sepsis. Monitoring hemodynamic parameters and providing standard clinical treatment including infusion of antibiotics, fluids and drugs to maintain blood pressure is critical to simulate routine supportive care in this model but to do so requires both arterial and venous vascular access. The video details the surgical technique for implanting carotid artery and common jugular vein catheters in an anesthetized rat. Following a 72 hr recovery period, the animals will be re-anesthetized and connected to a tether and swivel setup attached to the rodent housing which connects the implanted catheters to the hemodynamic monitoring system. This setup allows free movement of the rat during the study while continuously monitoring pressures, infusing fluids and drugs (antibiotics, vasopressors) and performing blood sampling.

Vascular accesses to measure hemodynamics, provide fluids and perform blood sampling are important to any small animal model study. We present a technique for implanting catheters into the carotid artery and the common jugular vein in an anesthetized rat for connecting to a system to perform monitoring, infusions and sampling.

मन्या धमनी और गले नस की कैथीटेराइजेशन एक सचेत चूहे मॉडल में, सुई लेनी है और रक्त का नमूना लेना hemodynamic उपाय प्रदर्शन करने के लिए

The success of a small animal model to study critical illness is, in part, dependent on the ability of the model to simulate the human condition. ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study model. As the use of mouse models are often a vital step in preclinical drug discovery and drug development1-8, it is necessary to design a system to introduce drugs into mice in a uniform, reproducible manner. Ideally, the system should permit the collection of blood samples at regular intervals over a set time course. The ability to measure drug concentrations by mass-spectrometry, has allowed investigators to follow the changes in plasma drug levels over time in individual mice1, 9, 10. In this study, paclitaxel was introduced into transgenic mice as a continuous arterial infusion over three hours, while blood samples were simultaneously taken by retro-orbital bleeds at set time points. Carotid artery infusions are a potential alternative to jugular vein infusions, when factors such as mammary tumors or other obstructions make jugular infusions impractical. Using this technique, paclitaxel concentrations in plasma and tissue achieved similar levels as compared to jugular infusion. In this tutorial, we will demonstrate how to successfully catheterize the carotid artery by preparing an optimized catheter for the individual mouse model, then show how to insert and secure the catheter into the mouse carotid artery, thread the end of the catheter out through the back of the mouse&#8217;s neck, and hook the mouse to a pump to deliver a controlled rate of drug influx. Multiple low volume retro-orbital bleeds allow for analysis of plasma drug concentrations over time.

This method was developed with the goal of delivering a steady drug solution via the carotid artery, to assess the pharmacokinetics of novel drugs in mouse models.

चूहे में Taxanes के फार्माकोकाइनेटिक और pharmacodynamic विश्लेषण के लिए मन्या धमनी आधान

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability

Stroke typically occurs in elderly people with a range of comorbidities including carotid (or other arterial) atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes. Accordingly, when evaluating therapies for stroke in animals, it is important to select a model with excellent face validity. Ischemic stroke accounts for 80% of all strokes, and the majority of these occur in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), often inducing infarcts that affect the sensorimotor cortex, causing persistent plegia or paresis on the contralateral side of the body. We demonstrate in this video a method for producing ischemic stroke in elderly rats, which causes sustained sensorimotor disability and substantial cortical infarcts. Specifically, we induce permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in elderly female rats by using diathermy forceps to occlude a short segment of this artery. The carotid artery on the ipsilateral side to the lesion was then permanently occluded and the contralateral carotid artery was transiently occluded for 60 min. We measure the infarct size using structural T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 24 hr and 8 weeks after stroke. In this study, the mean infarct volume was 4.5% &#177; 2.0% (standard deviation) of the ipsilateral hemisphere at 24 hr (corrected for brain swelling using Gerriet&#8217;s equation, n = 5). This model is feasible and clinically relevant as it permits the induction of sustained sensorimotor deficits, which is important for the elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms and novel treatments.

Here we present a protocol to produce permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in elderly female rats with simultaneous occlusion of the carotid arteries to generate large cortical infarcts and sustained deficits. We show confirmation of the lesion size using structural MRI at 24 hr and 8 weeks after stroke.

आयु वर्ग के चूहों में आम मन्या धमनी आड़ साथ स्थायी दूरस्थ मध्य मस्तिष्क प्रदर्शन का अध्ययन करने के लिए निरंतर विकलांगता के साथ cortical Ischemia

Stroke typically occurs in elderly people with a range of comorbidities including carotid (or other arterial) atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, ...

Vein Interposition Model: A Suitable Model to Study Bypass Graft Patency

Bypass grafting is an established treatment method for coronary artery disease. Graft patency continues to be the Achilles heel of saphenous vein grafts. Research models for bypass graft failure are essential for a better understanding of pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during graft patency loss. Large animal models, such as pigs or sheep, resemble human anatomical structures but require special facilities and equipment. This video describes a rat vein interposition model to investigate vein graft patency loss. Rats are inexpensive and easy to handle. Compared to mouse models, the convenient size of rats permits better operability and enables a sufficient amount of material to be obtained for further diverse analysis. In brief, the inferior epigastric vein of a donor rat is harvested and used to replace a segment of the femoral artery. Anastomosis is conducted via single stitches and sealed with fibrin glue. Graft patency can be monitored non-invasively using duplex sonography. Myointimal hyperplasia, which is the main cause for graft patency loss, develops progressively over time and can be calculated from histological cross sections.

This video demonstrates a model to study the development of myointimal hyperplasia after venous interposition surgery in rats.

नस क्षेपक आदर्श: अध्ययन करने के लिए बाईपास भ्रष्टाचार प्रत्यक्षता एक उपयुक्त मॉडल

Bypass grafting is an established treatment method for coronary artery disease. Graft patency continues to be the Achilles heel of saphenous vein grafts. ...

In Vivo Gene Transfer to the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Endothelium

The goal of this method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of isolated segments of both rabbit common carotid arteries. The method achieves focal endothelial-selective transgenesis, thereby allowing an investigator to determine the biological roles of endothelial-expressed transgenes and to quantify the in vivo transcriptional activity of DNA sequences in large artery endothelial cells. The method uses surgical isolation of rabbit common carotid arteries and an arteriotomy to deliver a transgene-expressing viral vector into the arterial lumen. A short incubation period of the vector in the lumen, with subsequent aspiration of the lumen contents, is sufficient to achieve efficient and durable expression of the transgene in the endothelium, with no detectable transduction or expression outside of the isolated arterial segment. The method allows assessment of the biological activities of transgene products both in normal arteries and in models of human vascular disease, while avoiding systemic effects that could be caused either by targeting gene delivery to other sites (e.g. the liver) or by the alternative approach of delivering genetic constructs to the endothelium by germ line transgenesis. Application of the method is limited by the need for a skilled surgeon and anesthetist, a well-equipped operating room, the costs of purchasing and housing rabbits, and the need for expertise in gene-transfer vector construction and use. Results obtained with this method include: transgene-related alterations in arterial structure, cellularity, extracellular matrix, or vasomotor function; increases or reductions in arterial inflammation; alterations in vascular cell apoptosis; and progression, retardation, or regression of diseases such as intimal hyperplasia or atherosclerosis. The method also allows measurement of the ability of native and synthetic DNA regulatory sequences to alter transgene expression in endothelial cells, providing results that include: levels of transgene mRNA, levels of transgene protein, and levels of transgene enzymatic activity.

In Vivo Gene Transfer to the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Endothelium

This method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of rabbit carotid arteries. Introduction of the transgene allows the assessment of the biological role of the transgene product either in normal arteries or disease models. The method is also useful for measuring activity of DNA regulatory sequences.

Vivo में खरगोश को जीन हस्तांतरण आम मन्या धमनी Endothelium

The goal of this method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of isolated segments of both rabbit common carotid arteries. The method achieves ...

A Rabbit Model of Durable Transgene Expression in Jugular Vein to Common Carotid Artery Interposition Grafts

Vein graft bypass surgery is a common treatment for occlusive arterial disease; however, long-term success is limited by graft failure due to thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, and atherosclerosis. The goal of this article is to demonstrate a method for placing bilateral venous interposition grafts in a rabbit, then transducing the grafts with a gene transfer vector that achieves durable transgene expression. The method allows the investigation of the biological roles of genes and their protein products in normal vein graft homeostasis. It also allows the testing of transgenes for the activities that could prevent vein graft failure, e.g., whether the expression of a transgene prevents the neointimal growth, reduces the vascular inflammation, or reduces atherosclerosis in rabbits fed with a high-fat diet. During an initial survival surgery, the segments of right and left external jugular vein are excised and placed bilaterally as reversed end-to-side common carotid artery interposition grafts. During a second survival surgery, performed 28 days later, each of the grafts is isolated from the circulation with vascular clips and the lumens are filled (via an arteriotomy) with a solution containing a helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vector. After a 20-min incubation, the vector solution is aspirated, the arteriotomy is repaired, and flow is restored. The veins are harvested at time points dictated by individual experimental protocols. The 28-day delay between the graft placement and the transduction is necessary to ensure the adaptation of the vein graft to the arterial circulation. This adaptation avoids rapid loss of transgene expression that occurs in vein grafts transduced before or immediately after grafting. The method is unique in its ability to achieve durable, stable transgene expression in grafted veins. Compared to other large animal vein graft models, rabbits have advantages of low cost and easy handling. Compared to rodent vein graft models, rabbits have larger and easier-to-manipulate blood vessels that provide abundant tissue for analysis.

This method describes the placement of interposition vein grafts in rabbits, the transduction of the grafts, and the achievement of durable transgene expression. This allows the investigation of physiological and pathological roles of transgenes and their protein products in grafted veins, and testing of gene therapies for vein graft disease.

आम मन्या धमनी के लिए Jugular नस में टिकाऊ Transgene अभिव्यक्ति का एक खरगोश मॉडल भ्रष्टाचार

Vein graft bypass surgery is a common treatment for occlusive arterial disease; however, long-term success is limited by graft failure due to thrombosis, ...

Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous studies have shown that abnormal blood flow may be associated with systemic vascular risk. Thus, PC-MRI can facilitate the translation of data obtained from animal models of cardiovascular diseases to pertinent clinical investigations. In this report, we describe the procedure for measuring blood flow in the common carotid artery (CCA) of rats using cine-gated PC-MRI and discuss relevant analysis methods. This procedure can be performed in a live, anesthetized animal and does not require euthanasia after the procedure. The proposed scanning parameters yield repeatable measurements for blood flow, indicating excellent reproducibility of the results. The PC-MRI procedure described in this article can be used for pharmacological testing, pathophysiological assessment, and cerebral hemodynamics evaluation.

The overall goal of this procedure is to measure the blood flow in the rat common carotid artery by using noninvasive phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging.

चरण कन्ट्रास्ट चूहे में चुंबकीय अनुनाद इमेजिंग आम मन्या धमनी

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous ...

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Allowing Reperfusion via Common Carotid Artery Repair in Mice

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as an approved drug treatment to target ischemic strokes. Current research in the field of ischemic stroke focuses on better understanding the pathophysiology of stroke, to develop and investigate novel pharmaceutical targets. Reliable experimental stroke models are crucial for the progression of potential treatments. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is clinically relevant and the most frequently used surgical model of ischemic stroke in rodents. However, the outcomes of this model, such as lesion volume, are associated with high levels of variability, particularly in mice. The alternative MCAO model described here allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the increased perfusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, using a tissue pad with fibrinogen-based sealant to repair the vessel, and the improved welfare of the mice by avoiding external carotid artery (ECA) ligation. This reduces the reliance on the Circle of Willis, which is known to be highly anatomically variable in mice. Representative data show that using this alternative surgical approach decreases the variability in lesion volumes between the traditional MCAO approach and the alternative approach described here.

Intraluminal filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery is the most frequently used in vivo model of experimental stroke in rodents. An alternative surgical approach to allow common carotid artery repair is performed here, which allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery and a full reperfusion to the middle cerebral artery territory.

मध्य मस्तिष्क धमनी रोड़ा की अनुमति Reperfusion के माध्यम से आम मन्या धमनी की मरंमत चूहों में

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue ...

A Rat Carotid Artery Pressure-Controlled Segmental Balloon Injury with Periadventitial Therapeutic Application

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, in part due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaque narrows the luminal surface area in arteries thereby reducing adequate blood flow to organs and distal tissues. Clinically, revascularization procedures such as balloon angioplasty with or without stent placement aim to restore blood flow. Although these procedures reestablish blood flow by reducing plaque burden, they damage the vessel wall, which initiates the arterial healing response. The prolonged healing response causes arterial restenosis, or re-narrowing, ultimately limiting the long-term success of these revascularization procedures. Therefore, preclinical animal models are integral for analyzing the pathophysiological mechanisms driving restenosis, and provide the opportunity to test novel therapeutic strategies. Murine models are cheaper and easier to operate on than large animal models. Balloon or wire injury are the two commonly accepted injury modalities used in murine models. Balloon injury models in particular mimic the clinical angioplasty procedure and cause adequate damage to the artery for the development of restenosis. Herein we describe the surgical details for performing and histologically analyzing the modified, pressure-controlled rat carotid artery balloon injury model. Additionally, this protocol highlights how local periadventitial application of therapeutics can be used to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia. Lastly, we present light sheet fluorescence microscopy as a novel approach for imaging and visualizing the arterial injury in three-dimensions.

The rat carotid artery balloon injury mimics the clinical angioplasty procedure performed to restore blood flow in atherosclerotic vessels. This model induces the arterial injury response by distending the arterial wall, and denuding the intimal layer of endothelial cells, ultimately causing remodeling and an intimal hyperplastic response.

पेरिडवेंटिशियल चिकित्सकीय अनुप्रयोग के साथ एक चूहा कैरोटिड धमनी दबाव-नियंत्रित सेगमेंटल बैलून इंजरी

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, in part due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaque narrows the ...