Name: small and wide angle x-ray scattering studies of biological macromolecules in solution
Uploaded: 2013-01-08T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Small and Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies of Biological Macromolecules in Solution at JoVE.com

我们想感谢曼弗雷德Kriechbaum Hecus XRS和在奥地利格拉茨的奥地利科学院生物物理研究所和纳米系统研究。 LL和XW部分由美国能源部支持下，NERI-C号DE-FG07-07ID14889奖，美国核管理委员会，根据奖励编号：NRC-38-08-950。部分由美国能源部也支持SWAXS仪器，在裁决号DE-NE0000325。

1。的样品的制备<ol><li>使用一根针，以除去一些样品从样品容器。 </li><li>使用的针，以填补在毛细管（最大直径为2.2毫米）用样品。的毛细管必须填写从底部2和3厘米之间。 </li><li>关闭的毛细血管，熔蜡器在前端。 </li><li>拧下从系统的真空样品架。 </li><li>以毛细管融合的结束（蜡年底），将未熔的样品架。 </li><li>持有人将到系统中，螺杆的地方。 </li></ol> *固体样品（包括?...

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	<li>Bernad&#243;, P., Blackledge, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+biology:+Proteins+in+dynamic+equilibrium.">Structural biology: Proteins in dynamic equilibrium.</a> Nature. 468, 1046-1048 (2010).</li><li>Zhang, F., Skoda, M. W. A., Jacobs, R. M. J., Martin, R. A., Martin, C. M., Schreiber, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+Interactions+Studied+by+SAXS:+Effect+of+Ionic+Strength+and+Protein+Concentration+for+BSA+in+Aqueous+Solutions.">Protein Interactions Studied by SAXS: Effect of Ionic Strength and Protein Concentration for BSA in Aqueous Solutions.</a> J. Phys. Chem. B. 111, 251-259 (2007).</li><li>Maranas, J. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+environment+on+local+dynamics+of+macromolecules.">The effect of environment on local dynamics of macromolecules.</a> Current Opinion in Colloid &amp; Interface Science. 12, 29-42 (2007).</li><li>Stribeck, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> X-Ray Scattering of Soft Matter. , (2007).</li><li>Mertens, H. D., Svergun, D. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+characterization+of+proteins+and+complexes+using+small-angle+X-ray+solution+scattering.">Structural characterization of proteins and complexes using small-angle X-ray solution scattering.</a> J. Struct. Biol. 172 (1), 128 (2010).</li><li>Svergun, D. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small-angle+X-ray+and+neutron+scattering+as+a+tool+for+structural+systems+biology.">Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering as a tool for structural systems biology.</a> Biol. Chem. 391 (7), 737 (2010).</li><li>Putnam, C. D., Hammel, M., Hura, G. L., Tainer, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=X-ray+solution+scattering+(SAXS)+combined+with+crystallography+and+computation:+defining+accurate+macromolecular+structures,+conformations+and+assemblies+in+solution.">X-ray solution scattering (SAXS) combined with crystallography and computation: defining accurate macromolecular structures, conformations and assemblies in solution.</a> Quat. Rev. Biophys. 40, 191-285 (2007).</li><li>Bonini, M., Fratini, E., Baglioni, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SAXS+study+of+chain-like+structures+formed+by+magnetic+nanoparticles.">SAXS study of chain-like structures formed by magnetic nanoparticles.</a> Materials Science &amp; Engineering C-Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems. 27 (5-8), 1377-1381 (2007).</li><li>Falletta, E., Ridi, F., Fratini, E., Vannucci, C., Canton, P., Bianchi, S., Castelvetro, V., Baglioni, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+tri-block+copolymer+templated+synthesis+of+gold+nanostructures.">A tri-block copolymer templated synthesis of gold nanostructures.</a> Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 357 (1), 88-94 (2011).</li><li>Glatter, O., Scherf, G., Schillen, K., Brown, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+a+Poly(ethylene+oxide)+Poly(propylene+oxide)+Triblock+Copolymer+(EO(27)-PO39-EO(27))+in+Aqueous-Solution.">Characterization of a Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly(propylene oxide) Triblock Copolymer (EO(27)-PO39-EO(27)) in Aqueous-Solution.</a> Macromolecules. 27 (21), 6046-6054 (1994).</li><li>Mittelbach, R., Glatter, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+structure+analysis+of+small-angle+scattering+data+from+polydisperse+colloidal+particles.">Direct structure analysis of small-angle scattering data from polydisperse colloidal particles.</a> Journal of Applied Crystallography. 31, 600-608 (1998).</li></ol>

比较程序的SWAXS系统的允许众多变量来确定实验分析。从分析中获得的参数，这些参数可以被用于不同的目的，根据样品和实验设置。 SAXS提供纳米尺度的对象的大小和形状有关下列内容的信息，而WAXS重点上的原子和微观尺度的结构（ 如分子晶格，晶胞尺寸对称性）。更具体地，在稀溶液中的颗粒，小角X射线散射可以研究回转，粒子大小和形状的半径;用于高密度的样品，小角X射线散射可?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 产品名称 </td><td> 公司 </td></tr><tr><td>该系统3小型和广角X射线散射（SWAXS）相机</td><td> Hecus XRS和IBN， 奥地利格拉茨</td></tr><tr><td> GNOM </td><td> ATSAS 2.3包D. Svergun EMBL-汉堡</td></tr></tbody></table>

small and wide angle x-ray scattering studies of biological macromolecules in solution

在本文中，小型和广角X射线散射（SWAXS）分析大分子通过实验证明。 SWAXS是一种技术，其中X-射线被弹性散射在小角度（通常为0.1 - 5°）和宽角度（通常&gt; 5°）nm的范围中的由非均匀样品。这种技术提供的信息有关的形状，尺寸和分布的大分子，部分有序材料，孔径大小，和表面对体积之比的特征距离。小角度X射线散射（SAXS）是能够提供在1和200nm之间的大分子结构信息，而可以解决广角X射线散射（WAXS）更小布喇0.33 nm和0.49 nm的间距之间的样品的基础上具体的系统设置和检测器。的间距从布拉格定律确定，是依赖于波长和入射角。 在一个SWAXS实验，材料可以是固体或液体，并可能含有固体，液体或气体的域（所谓的粒子）的同一个或另一个的材料中的任何组合。 SWAXS的应用是非常广泛的，包括所有的类型：金属，复合材料，水泥，油，聚合物，塑料，蛋白质，食品和药品的胶体。对于固体样品的厚度被限制为约5毫米。 实验室为基础的SWAXS仪器的使用本文中详细介绍。可用的软件（ 例如 ，GNOM ATSAS 2.3包由D. Svergun的EMBL-的汉堡和EasySWAXS软件的）的SWAXS系统，可以进行的实验，以确定某些参数给定的样本。生物大分子实验的一个例子，是一种水基的水性缓冲液中，可以选择并通过许多方法制备的2％（重量）中溶菌酶的分析。样品制备遵循以下准则编制的示例部分。通过SWAXS实验，的溶菌酶的重要的结构参数， 例如 ，可以分析的回转半径。

小角X射线散射和WAXS完全可以提供结构信息的样品通过以下参数：回转，颗粒的大小和形状，解决方案的结构因子，具体的内表面和孔径大小，晶格的类型和尺寸，和电子密度1的半径。也可应用于小角X射线散射和WAXS研究蛋白质动力学2。 的结构信息SWAXS实验得到的实验检测到的光谱和该系统的计算结果进行比较。的计算结果，计算在一个合理的有效电位<sub...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Small and Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies of Biological Macromolecules in Solution at JoVE.com

Small and Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies of Biological Macromolecules in Solution

小型和广角X-射线散射（SWAXS）过程的演示已经成为有助于在研究生物大分子。通过使用特定的角度的方法和准备的仪器和程序，从SWAXS的实验数据显示大分子的原子和纳米尺度的表征。

小型和广角X-射线散射研究生物大分子的解决方案

In this paper, Small and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (SWAXS) analysis of macromolecules is demonstrated through experimentation. SWAXS is a technique ...

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