Name: viral tracing of genetically defined neural circuitry
Uploaded: 2012-10-17T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Viral Tracing of Genetically Defined Neural Circuitry at JoVE.com

Nous tenons à remercier Sean Whelan de l&#39;aide pour sauver variantes VSV recombinants, et Didem Goz et Ryan Chrenek pour l&#39;assistance technique. Ce travail a été soutenu par HHMI (CTC), et n ° NS068012-01 (KTB).

1. Faire virus à partir d&#39;ADNc: Recouvrement de la VSV à partir d&#39;ADNc en utilisant la vaccine-T7 système 10 <ol><li> Un jour avant l&#39;expérience, divisé en 60 cellules BsrT7 plat mm contenant du DMEM + 10% de FBS. Cellules par boîte de graines 2E6. BsrT7 cellules BHK21 sont dérivées de, ou rein de bébé hamster, cellules. </li><li> PBS tiède avec 1 mM de magnésium et de calcium 1 mM à 37 ° C. </li><li> Procurez-vous une petite aliquote vTF7-3, un virus de la vaccine exprimant la T7 ...

<ol>
	<li>Wickersham, I. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monosynaptic+restriction+of+transsynaptic+tracing+from+single,+genetically+targeted+neurons.">Monosynaptic restriction of transsynaptic tracing from single, genetically targeted neurons.</a> Neuron. 53, 639-647 (2007).</li><li>Marshel, J. H., Mori, T., Nielsen, K. J., Callaway, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+single+neuronal+networks+for+gene+expression+and+cell+labeling+in+vivo.">Targeting single neuronal networks for gene expression and cell labeling in vivo.</a> Neuron. 67, 562-574 (2010).</li><li>Wall, N. R., Wickersham, I. R., Cetin, A., De La Parra, M., Callaway, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monosynaptic+circuit+tracing+in+vivo+through+Cre-dependent+targeting+and+complementation+of+modified+rabies+virus.">Monosynaptic circuit tracing in vivo through Cre-dependent targeting and complementation of modified rabies virus.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 21848-21853 (2010).</li><li>Wickersham, I. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monosynaptic+restriction+of+transsynaptic+tracing+from+single,+genetically+targeted+neurons.">Monosynaptic restriction of transsynaptic tracing from single, genetically targeted neurons.</a> Neuron. 53, 639-647 (2007).</li><li>Yonehara, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatially+asymmetric+reorganization+of+inhibition+establishes+a+motion-sensitive+circuit.">Spatially asymmetric reorganization of inhibition establishes a motion-sensitive circuit.</a> Nature. 469, 407-410 (2011).</li><li>Stepien, A. E., Tripodi, M., Arber, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monosynaptic+rabies+virus+reveals+premotor+network+organization+and+synaptic+specificity+of+cholinergic+partition+cells.">Monosynaptic rabies virus reveals premotor network organization and synaptic specificity of cholinergic partition cells.</a> Neuron. 68, 456-472 (2010).</li><li>Beier, K. T., Samson, M. E. S., Matsuda, T., Cepko, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conditional+expression+of+the+TVA+receptor+allows+clonal+analysis+of+descendents+from+Cre-expressing+progenitor+cells.">Conditional expression of the TVA receptor allows clonal analysis of descendents from Cre-expressing progenitor cells.</a> Dev. Biol. 353, 309-320 (2011).</li><li>Seidler, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Cre-loxP-based+mouse+model+for+conditional+somatic+gene+expression+and+knockdown+in+vivo+by+using+avian+retroviral+vectors.">A Cre-loxP-based mouse model for conditional somatic gene expression and knockdown in vivo by using avian retroviral vectors.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 10137-10142 (2008).</li><li>Beier, K. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anterograde+or+retrograde+transsynaptic+labeling+of+CNS+neurons+with+vesicular+stomatitis+virus+vectors.">Anterograde or retrograde transsynaptic labeling of CNS neurons with vesicular stomatitis virus vectors.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 15414-15419 (2011).</li><li>Whelan, S. P., Ball, L. A., Barr, J. N., Wertz, G. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+recovery+of+infectious+vesicular+stomatitis+virus+entirely+from+cDNA+clones.">Efficient recovery of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus entirely from cDNA clones.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 8388-8392 (1995).</li><li>Fuerst, T. R., Niles, E. G., Studier, F. W., Moss, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eukaryotic+Transient-Expression+System+Based+on+Recombinant+Vaccinia+Virus+That+Synthesizes+Bacteriophage+T7+RNA+Polymerase.">Eukaryotic Transient-Expression System Based on Recombinant Vaccinia Virus That Synthesizes Bacteriophage T7 RNA Polymerase.</a> PNAS. 83, 8122-8126 (1986).</li><li>Young, J. A., Bates, P., Varmus, H. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+a+chicken+gene+that+confers+susceptibility+to+infection+by+subgroup+A+avian+leukosis+and+sarcoma+viruses.">Isolation of a chicken gene that confers susceptibility to infection by subgroup A avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses.</a> J. Virol. 67, 1811-1816 (1993).</li><li>Madisen, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+robust+and+high-throughput+Cre+reporting+and+characterization+system+for+the+whole+mouse+brain.">A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain.</a> Nat Neurosci. 13, 133-140 (2010).</li><li>Franklin, K., Paxinos, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. , (1997).</li><li>van den Pol, A. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Viral+strategies+for+studying+the+brain,+including+a+replication-restricted+self-amplifying+delta-G+vesicular+stomatis+virus+that+rapidly+expresses+transgenes+in+brain+and+can+generate+a+multicolor+golgi-like+expression.">Viral strategies for studying the brain, including a replication-restricted self-amplifying delta-G vesicular stomatis virus that rapidly expresses transgenes in brain and can generate a multicolor golgi-like expression.</a> J. Comp. Neurol. 516, 456-481 (2009).</li></ol>

Utilisation de virus pour étudier les circuits neuronaux est une méthode débit relativement élevé d&#39;analyser les neurones connectés. Cependant, générer à la fois des virions VSV et RABV n&#39;est pas trivial. Bien que le protocole ci-dessus pour le sauvetage du virus à partir d&#39;ADNc est fourni, il est toujours un événement à faible probabilité. Les niveaux de chacune des N, P et L plasmides doivent être finement ajusté, et de nombreux essais et répétitions doivent être effectuées pour assurer...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagent</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue number</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Tissue Culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Baby Hamster Kidney (BSRT7) cells</td>
			<td>available upon request</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>vaccinia (vTF7-3)</td>
			<td>available upon request</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pN, pP, pl plasmids</td>
			<td>available upon request</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C1016</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M8266</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEK 293T cells</td>
			<td>Open Biosystems</td>
			<td>HCL4517</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>60 mm TC-Treated Culture Dish</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430166</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>75 cm2 Rectangular Canted Neck Cell Culture Flask with Vent Cap</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430641</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Media : DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>12491-015</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 M HEPES pH 7.4</td>
			<td>Gibo</td>
			<td>15630-080</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10437-028</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PKS</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-163</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipofectamine 2,000 Transfection Reagent</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11668-019</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe: 5 ml Luer-Lock syringe</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Z248010-1PAK</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Filters</td>
			<td>Nalgene</td>
			<td>190-2520</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PEI: High Potency Linear PEI</td>
			<td>Polysciences</td>
			<td>23966</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Viral Centrifugation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning 150 ml Tube Top Vacuum Filter System, 0.45 &mu;m Pore</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430314</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thinwall, Ultra-Clear, 38.5 ml, 25 x 89 mm ultracentrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Beckman-Coulter</td>
			<td>344058</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultracentrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman-Coulter</td>
			<td>optima XL-80K</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SW28 Ultracentrifuge rotor</td>
			<td>Beckman-Coulter</td>
			<td>342207</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Mouse Injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Capillary micropipets</td>
			<td>Drummond</td>
			<td>5-000-2005</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotax</td>
			<td>Narishige</td>
			<td>SR-5M</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micromanipulator</td>
			<td>Narishige</td>
			<td>SM-15</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ump injector</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>Sys-Micro4</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Four channel microcontroller</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>UMP3</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M.TXB Bench Motor with C.EMX-1 Dial Control, 115 Volt</td>
			<td>Foredom</td>
			<td>M.TXB-EM</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>H.10 Handpiece, Quick Change</td>
			<td>Foredom</td>
			<td>H.10</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Step Drill, 0.5 mm</td>
			<td>Foredom</td>
			<td>A-58005P</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microelectrode holder</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>MEH2S</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>995-2949</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>4015809TV</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>1118217</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 ml syringe</td>
			<td>Becton-Dickinson</td>
			<td>309628</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>30 gauge injection needle</td>
			<td>Becton-Dickinson</td>
			<td>305106</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protective Ophthalmic Ointment</td>
			<td>Doctors Foster and Smith</td>
			<td>9N-014748</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>493511</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iodine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>PVP1</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Surgery and Dissection tools</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>91402-12</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11000-12</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11255-20</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vannas spring scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15000-00</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel handle</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10003-12</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scalpel blades</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10015-00</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sutures</td>
			<td>Robbins Instruments</td>
			<td>20.SK640</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Dissection and antibody staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P6148</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P4417</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T9284</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey Serum</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>017-000-121</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Antibodies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibodies</td>
			<td>millipore</td>
			<td>AB144P</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-gfp</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab13970</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-chicken Dylight 488</td>
			<td>Jackson immunoresearch</td>
			<td>703-545-155</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey anti-chicken Alexa Fluor 647</td>
			<td>Jackson immunoresearch</td>
			<td>705-605-147</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Tissue mounting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superfrost plus microscope slides</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>12-550-100</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cover glass 22 x 22, 0 thickness</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72198-10</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicone elastomer</td>
			<td>Rogers Corp</td>
			<td>HT-6220</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear nail polish</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72180</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prolong Gold antifade reagent</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>P36930</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

viral tracing of genetically defined neural circuitry

Les méthodes classiques d&#39;étude des circuits neuronaux débit assez faible. Transsynaptique virus, en particulier la pseudo-rage (PRV) et le virus de la rage (RABV), et plus récemment virus de la stomatite vésiculaire (VSV), pour l&#39;étude des circuits, est de plus en plus populaire. Ces méthodes à utiliser plus les virus qui transmettent entre les neurones, soit la direction antérograde ou rétrograde. Récemment, un RABV modifié pour monosynaptique rétrograde traçage a été développé. (Figure 1A). Dans cette méthode, la glycoprotéine (G), le gène est supprimé à partir du génome viral, et réapprovisionné seulement dans les neurones cibles. Spécificité infection est obtenue en substituant une chimère G, composé du domaine extracellulaire de la glycoprotéine ASLV-A et le domaine cytoplasmique de la RABV-G (A RG /), pour la normale RABV-G 1. Cette chimère G infecte spécifiquement les cellules exprimant le récepteur TVA 1. Le gène codant pour la TVA peut d étéelivered par diverses méthodes 2-8. Après RABV-G infection d&#39;un neurone TVA exprimant, le RABV peut transmettre à d&#39;autres neurones, synapses connectées dans un sens rétrograde par la nature de son propre G qui était co-délivré avec le récepteur TVA. Cette technique qualifie un nombre relativement important d&#39;entrées (10.05%) 2 sur un type cellulaire défini, la fourniture d&#39;un échantillon de toutes les entrées sur un type cellulaire défini démarreur. Nous avons récemment modifié cette technique à utiliser VSV comme un traceur transsynaptique 9. VSV a plusieurs avantages, notamment la rapidité de l&#39;expression des gènes. Ici, nous détaillons un nouveau système de suivi à l&#39;aide virale utiles pour sonder les microcircuits avec une résolution accrue VSV. Alors que les stratégies originales publiées par Wickersham et al. 4 et Beier et al. 9 étiquetage de tous les permis de neurones qui projettent sur ​​un premier-infectés TVA exprimant des cellules, ici VSV a été conçu pour transmettre uniquement à la télévisionCellules exprimant A-(figure 1B). Le virus est d&#39;abord pseudotypés avec RABV-G pour permettre l&#39;infection des neurones en aval de TVA exprimant neurones. Après avoir infecté de cette première population de cellules, le virus ne peut infecter publié TVA cellules exprimant. Parce que la propagation virale transsynaptique est limitée à TVA cellules exprimant, la présence de l&#39;absence de connectivité de types de cellules définies peuvent être explorées avec une grande résolution. Un diagramme expérimental de ces expériences est montré dans la figure 2. Ici, nous montrons un circuit modèle, celui de la direction de la sélectivité dans la rétine de la souris. Nous examinons la connectivité des cellules amacrines starburst (ZSC) pour les cellules ganglionnaires de la rétine (CGR).

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Viral Tracing of Genetically Defined Neural Circuitry at JoVE.com

Viral Tracing of Genetically Defined Neural Circuitry

Procédé de traçage neurones connectés synaptique est décrit. On utilise la spécificité de la TVA une cellule amont pour sonder si une population cellulaire d&#39;intérêt synaptique reçoit une entrée à partir de types de cellules génétiquement déterminées.

Viral traçage des circuits neuronaux génétiquement déterminées

Classical methods for studying neuronal circuits are fairly low throughput. Transsynaptic viruses, particularly the pseudorabies (PRV) and rabies virus ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Physiological, Morphological and Neurochemical Characterization of Neurons Modulated by Movement

Physiologiques, caractérisation morphologique et neurochimiques des neurones modulée par le Mouvement

The role of individual neurons and their function in neuronal circuits is fundamental to understanding the neuronal mechanisms of sensory and motor ...

Recherche

Neurosciences

Reproducible Mouse Sciatic Nerve Crush and Subsequent Assessment of Regeneration by Whole Mount Muscle Analysis

Reproductible écrasement du nerf sciatique de souris et l&#39;évaluation subséquente de la régénération par l&#39;analyse du Mont muscle entier

Regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is widely studied both for its relevance to human disease and to understand the robust regenerative ...

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Expansion du embryonnaires et cellules souches neurales adultes par<em&gt; In Utero</em&gt; Électroporation ou virale par injection stéréotaxique

Somatic stem cells can divide to generate additional stem cells (expansion) or more differentiated cell types (differentiation), which is fundamental for ...

Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Sélective traçage des fibres auditives dans le nerf vestibulo-cochléaire aviaire embryonnaire

The embryonic chick is a widely used model for the study of peripheral and central ganglion cell projections. In the auditory system, selective labeling ...

Modeling Astrocytoma Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Using Cortical Astrocytes or Neural Stem Cells from Conditional, Genetically Engineered Mice

Modeling Astrocytoma Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Using Cortical Astrocytes or Neural Stem Cells from Conditional, Genetically Engineered Mice

Modélisation astrocytome pathogenèse<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Et<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Utilisation corticale astrocytes ou cellules souches neurales à partir de, souris génétiquement modifiées conditionnelle

Current astrocytoma models are limited in their ability to define the roles of oncogenic mutations in specific brain cell types during disease ...

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Un modèle d&#39;apprentissage latéralisé odeur chez les rats nouveau-nés pour dissection Formation Neural Circuits Soutenir la mémoire

Rat pups during a critical postnatal period (&#8804; 10 days) readily form a preference for an odor that is associated with stimuli mimicking maternal ...

Conditional Genetic Transsynaptic Tracing in the Embryonic Mouse Brain

Transsynaptique génétique conditionnelle traçage dans le cerveau embryonnaire de souris

Anatomical path tracing is of pivotal importance to decipher the relationship between brain and behavior. Unraveling the formation of neural circuits ...

Laser-guided Neuronal Tracing In Brain Explants

Neuronal Tracing dans des explants de cerveau à guidage laser

We present a technique which combines an in vitro tracer injection protocol, which uses a series of electrical and pressure pulses to increase dye uptake ...

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

L&#39;ARN monocellulaire-séquentiel des sous-ensembles définis des cellules ganglionnaires rétiniennes

The discovery of cell type-specific markers can provide insight into cellular function and the origins of cellular heterogeneity. With a recent push for ...

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays

Augmentation de la réponse du réseau à la stimulation des cultures cellulaires neuronales sur les tableaux de microélectrodes

Micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) can be used to investigate drug toxicity, design paradigms for next-generation personalized medicine, and study network ...