Name: viral tracing of genetically defined neural circuitry
Uploaded: 2012-10-17T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Viral Tracing of Genetically Defined Neural Circuitry at JoVE.com

हम सहायता लिए पुनः संयोजक VSV वेरिएंट बचाव के साथ शॉन Whelan स्वीकार करना होगा, और didem Goz और तकनीकी सहायता के लिए रयान Chrenek. यह काम HHMI (सीएलसी) द्वारा समर्थित किया गया था, और # NS068012 01 (KTB).

1. सीडीएनए से वायरस: VSV के सीडीएनए से वसूली चेचक-T7 10 सिस्टम का उपयोग कर <ol><li> एक प्रयोग करने के लिए पहले दिन 60 मिमी पकवान DMEM + 10% FBS युक्त में BsrT7 कोशिकाओं विभाजित. पकवान प्रति बीज 2E6 कोशिकाओं. BsrT7 कोशिकाओं BHK21, या बच?...

<ol>
	<li>Wickersham, I. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monosynaptic+restriction+of+transsynaptic+tracing+from+single,+genetically+targeted+neurons.">Monosynaptic restriction of transsynaptic tracing from single, genetically targeted neurons.</a> Neuron. 53, 639-647 (2007).</li><li>Marshel, J. H., Mori, T., Nielsen, K. J., Callaway, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeting+single+neuronal+networks+for+gene+expression+and+cell+labeling+in+vivo.">Targeting single neuronal networks for gene expression and cell labeling in vivo.</a> Neuron. 67, 562-574 (2010).</li><li>Wall, N. R., Wickersham, I. R., Cetin, A., De La Parra, M., Callaway, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monosynaptic+circuit+tracing+in+vivo+through+Cre-dependent+targeting+and+complementation+of+modified+rabies+virus.">Monosynaptic circuit tracing in vivo through Cre-dependent targeting and complementation of modified rabies virus.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 21848-21853 (2010).</li><li>Wickersham, I. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monosynaptic+restriction+of+transsynaptic+tracing+from+single,+genetically+targeted+neurons.">Monosynaptic restriction of transsynaptic tracing from single, genetically targeted neurons.</a> Neuron. 53, 639-647 (2007).</li><li>Yonehara, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatially+asymmetric+reorganization+of+inhibition+establishes+a+motion-sensitive+circuit.">Spatially asymmetric reorganization of inhibition establishes a motion-sensitive circuit.</a> Nature. 469, 407-410 (2011).</li><li>Stepien, A. E., Tripodi, M., Arber, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monosynaptic+rabies+virus+reveals+premotor+network+organization+and+synaptic+specificity+of+cholinergic+partition+cells.">Monosynaptic rabies virus reveals premotor network organization and synaptic specificity of cholinergic partition cells.</a> Neuron. 68, 456-472 (2010).</li><li>Beier, K. T., Samson, M. E. S., Matsuda, T., Cepko, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conditional+expression+of+the+TVA+receptor+allows+clonal+analysis+of+descendents+from+Cre-expressing+progenitor+cells.">Conditional expression of the TVA receptor allows clonal analysis of descendents from Cre-expressing progenitor cells.</a> Dev. Biol. 353, 309-320 (2011).</li><li>Seidler, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Cre-loxP-based+mouse+model+for+conditional+somatic+gene+expression+and+knockdown+in+vivo+by+using+avian+retroviral+vectors.">A Cre-loxP-based mouse model for conditional somatic gene expression and knockdown in vivo by using avian retroviral vectors.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 10137-10142 (2008).</li><li>Beier, K. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anterograde+or+retrograde+transsynaptic+labeling+of+CNS+neurons+with+vesicular+stomatitis+virus+vectors.">Anterograde or retrograde transsynaptic labeling of CNS neurons with vesicular stomatitis virus vectors.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 15414-15419 (2011).</li><li>Whelan, S. P., Ball, L. A., Barr, J. N., Wertz, G. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+recovery+of+infectious+vesicular+stomatitis+virus+entirely+from+cDNA+clones.">Efficient recovery of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus entirely from cDNA clones.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 8388-8392 (1995).</li><li>Fuerst, T. R., Niles, E. G., Studier, F. W., Moss, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eukaryotic+Transient-Expression+System+Based+on+Recombinant+Vaccinia+Virus+That+Synthesizes+Bacteriophage+T7+RNA+Polymerase.">Eukaryotic Transient-Expression System Based on Recombinant Vaccinia Virus That Synthesizes Bacteriophage T7 RNA Polymerase.</a> PNAS. 83, 8122-8126 (1986).</li><li>Young, J. A., Bates, P., Varmus, H. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+a+chicken+gene+that+confers+susceptibility+to+infection+by+subgroup+A+avian+leukosis+and+sarcoma+viruses.">Isolation of a chicken gene that confers susceptibility to infection by subgroup A avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses.</a> J. Virol. 67, 1811-1816 (1993).</li><li>Madisen, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+robust+and+high-throughput+Cre+reporting+and+characterization+system+for+the+whole+mouse+brain.">A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain.</a> Nat Neurosci. 13, 133-140 (2010).</li><li>Franklin, K., Paxinos, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. , (1997).</li><li>van den Pol, A. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Viral+strategies+for+studying+the+brain,+including+a+replication-restricted+self-amplifying+delta-G+vesicular+stomatis+virus+that+rapidly+expresses+transgenes+in+brain+and+can+generate+a+multicolor+golgi-like+expression.">Viral strategies for studying the brain, including a replication-restricted self-amplifying delta-G vesicular stomatis virus that rapidly expresses transgenes in brain and can generate a multicolor golgi-like expression.</a> J. Comp. Neurol. 516, 456-481 (2009).</li></ol>

वायरस का उपयोग करने के लिए तंत्रिका सर्किट का अध्ययन एक अपेक्षाकृत उच्च लॉग न्यूरॉन्स का विश्लेषण करने के throughput विधि है. हालांकि, दोनों VSV और RABV virions पैदा तुच्छ नहीं है. हालांकि सीडीएनए से वायरस से बचाव के लि...

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			<td>Reagent</td>
			<td>Company</td>
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		</tr>
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			<td>&nbsp;</td>
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			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Tissue Culture</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Baby Hamster Kidney (BSRT7) cells</td>
			<td>available upon request</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>vaccinia (vTF7-3)</td>
			<td>available upon request</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pN, pP, pl plasmids</td>
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			<td>HEK 293T cells</td>
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			<td>60 mm TC-Treated Culture Dish</td>
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			<td>430166</td>
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			<td>75 cm2 Rectangular Canted Neck Cell Culture Flask with Vent Cap</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
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			<td>Media : DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium)</td>
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			<td>Nalgene</td>
			<td>190-2520</td>
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			<td>Viral Centrifugation</td>
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			<td>Corning 150 ml Tube Top Vacuum Filter System, 0.45 &mu;m Pore</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430314</td>
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			<td>Thinwall, Ultra-Clear, 38.5 ml, 25 x 89 mm ultracentrifuge tubes</td>
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			<td>344058</td>
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			<td>Drummond</td>
			<td>5-000-2005</td>
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			<td>Stereotax</td>
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			<td>Ump injector</td>
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			<td>Ketamine</td>
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			<td>995-2949</td>
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			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>4015809TV</td>
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			<td>Buprenorphine</td>
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			<td>1118217</td>
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			<td>309628</td>
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			<td>30 gauge injection needle</td>
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			<td>305106</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
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			<td>Protective Ophthalmic Ointment</td>
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			<td>Ethanol</td>
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			<td>493511</td>
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			<td>Iodine</td>
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			<td>PVP1</td>
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			<td>Standard Forceps</td>
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			<td>11000-12</td>
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			<td>Fine Forceps</td>
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			<td>11255-20</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
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			<td>Vannas spring scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15000-00</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
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			<td>Scalpel handle</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>10003-12</td>
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			<td>Scalpel blades</td>
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			<td>10015-00</td>
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			<td>Robbins Instruments</td>
			<td>20.SK640</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
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			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Dissection and antibody staining</td>
		</tr>
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			<td>paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P6148</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P4417</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T9284</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey Serum</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>017-000-121</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
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			<td>&nbsp;</td>
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			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab13970</td>
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			<td>Donkey anti-chicken Dylight 488</td>
			<td>Jackson immunoresearch</td>
			<td>703-545-155</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Tissue mounting</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Superfrost plus microscope slides</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>12-550-100</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cover glass 22 x 22, 0 thickness</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72198-10</td>
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			<td>Silicone elastomer</td>
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			<td>72180</td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Prolong Gold antifade reagent</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>P36930</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

viral tracing of genetically defined neural circuitry

Classical methods for studying neuronal circuits are fairly low throughput. Transsynaptic viruses, particularly the pseudorabies (PRV) and rabies virus (RABV), and more recently vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), for studying circuitry, is becoming increasingly popular. These higher throughput methods use viruses that transmit between neurons in either the anterograde or retrograde direction.
Recently, a modified RABV for monosynaptic retrograde tracing was developed. (Figure 1A). In this method, the glycoprotein (G) gene is deleted from the viral genome, and resupplied only in targeted neurons. Infection specificity is achieved by substituting a chimeric G, composed of the extracellular domain of the ASLV-A glycoprotein and the cytoplasmic domain of the RABV-G (A/RG), for the normal RABV-G1. This chimeric G specifically infects cells expressing the TVA receptor1. The gene encoding TVA can been delivered by various methods2-8. Following RABV-G infection of a TVA-expressing neuron, the RABV can transmit to other, synaptically connected neurons in a retrograde direction by nature of its own G which was co-delivered with the TVA receptor. This technique labels a relatively large number of inputs (5-10%)2 onto a defined cell type, providing a sampling of all of the inputs onto a defined starter cell type.
We recently modified this technique to use VSV as a transsynaptic tracer9. VSV has several advantages, including the rapidity of gene expression. Here we detail a new viral tracing system using VSV useful for probing microcircuitry with increased resolution. While the original published strategies by Wickersham et al.4 and Beier et al.9 permit labeling of any neurons that project onto initially-infected TVA-expressing-cells, here VSV was engineered to transmit only to TVA-expressing cells (Figure 1B). The virus is first pseudotyped with RABV-G to permit infection of neurons downstream of TVA-expressing neurons. After infecting this first population of cells, the virus released can only infect TVA-expressing cells. Because the transsynaptic viral spread is limited to TVA-expressing cells, presence of absence of connectivity from defined cell types can be explored with high resolution. An experimental flow chart of these experiments is shown in Figure 2. Here we show a model circuit, that of direction-selectivity in the mouse retina. We examine the connectivity of starburst amacrine cells (SACs) to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Viral Tracing of Genetically Defined Neural Circuitry at JoVE.com

Viral Tracing of Genetically Defined Neural Circuitry

Synaptically जुड़ा हुआ न्यूरॉन्स का पता लगाने के एक विधि का वर्णन है. हम एक अपस्ट्रीम सेल के TVA विशिष्टता का उपयोग जांच की है कि ब्याज की एक सेल की आबादी आनुवंशिक रूप से परिभाषित सेल प्रकार से synaptic प्राप्त इनपुट.

आनुवंशिक रूप से परिभाषित तंत्रिका circuitry के वायरल अनुरेखण

Classical methods for studying neuronal circuits are fairly low throughput. Transsynaptic viruses, particularly the pseudorabies (PRV) and rabies virus ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Physiological, Morphological and Neurochemical Characterization of Neurons Modulated by Movement

शारीरिक, आंदोलन द्वारा संग्राहक न्यूरॉन्स के morphological और neurochemical विशेषता

The role of individual neurons and their function in neuronal circuits is fundamental to understanding the neuronal mechanisms of sensory and motor ...

Reproducible Mouse Sciatic Nerve Crush and Subsequent Assessment of Regeneration by Whole Mount Muscle Analysis

प्रतिलिपि प्रस्तुत करने योग्य माउस sciatic तंत्रिका और पूरे पर्वत स्नायु विश्लेषण द्वारा पुनर्जनन के बाद आकलन क्रश

Regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is widely studied both for its relevance to human disease and to understand the robust regenerative ...

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

भ्रूण और वयस्क तंत्रिका स्टेम कोशिकाओं के द्वारा विस्तार<em&gt; Utero में</em&gt; Electroporation या वायरल Stereotaxic इंजेक्शन

Somatic stem cells can divide to generate additional stem cells (expansion) or more differentiated cell types (differentiation), which is fundamental for ...

Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve

एवियन भ्रूण Vestibulocochlear तंत्रिका में श्रवण फाइबर के चुनिंदा अनुरेखण

The embryonic chick is a widely used model for the study of peripheral and central ganglion cell projections. In the auditory system, selective labeling ...

Modeling Astrocytoma Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Using Cortical Astrocytes or Neural Stem Cells from Conditional, Genetically Engineered Mice

Modeling Astrocytoma Pathogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo Using Cortical Astrocytes or Neural Stem Cells from Conditional, Genetically Engineered Mice

मॉडलिंग तारिकाकोशिकार्बुद रोगजनन<em&gt; इन विट्रो</em&gt; और<em&gt; इन विवो</em&gt; Cortical Astrocytes या सशर्त, आनुवंशिक रूप से इंजीनियर चूहों से तंत्रिका स्टेम कोशिकाओं का उपयोग

Current astrocytoma models are limited in their ability to define the roles of oncogenic mutations in specific brain cell types during disease ...

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

तंत्रिका circuitry underpinning स्मृति गठन विदारक के लिए नवजात चूहों में एक Lateralized गंध लर्निंग मॉडल

Rat pups during a critical postnatal period (&#8804; 10 days) readily form a preference for an odor that is associated with stimuli mimicking maternal ...

Conditional Genetic Transsynaptic Tracing in the Embryonic Mouse Brain

भ्रूण माउस ब्रेन में ट्रेसिंग सशर्त जेनेटिक Transsynaptic

Anatomical path tracing is of pivotal importance to decipher the relationship between brain and behavior. Unraveling the formation of neural circuits ...

Laser-guided Neuronal Tracing In Brain Explants

लेजर निर्देशित Neuronal का पता लगाने में ब्रेन Explants

We present a technique which combines an in vitro tracer injection protocol, which uses a series of electrical and pressure pulses to increase dye uptake ...

Single-cell RNA-Seq of Defined Subsets of Retinal Ganglion Cells

रीटिनल नाड़ीग्रन्थि कोशिकाओं के परिभाषित सैकट्स के सिंगल-सेल आरएनए-सैक

The discovery of cell type-specific markers can provide insight into cellular function and the origins of cellular heterogeneity. With a recent push for ...

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays

माइक्रो-इलेक्ट्रोड एरेज़ पर न्यूरोनल सेल संस्कृतियों की उत्तेजना के लिए नेटवर्क रिस्पांस में समय पर निर्भर वृद्धि

Micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) can be used to investigate drug toxicity, design paradigms for next-generation personalized medicine, and study network ...