Name: models of bone metastasis
Uploaded: 2012-09-04T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Models of Bone Metastasis at JoVE.com

作者承认以下资金来源：P01CA040035（FE / JAS）和VA职业发展奖（JAS）。

1。池的维护<ol><li>许多骨转移亚克隆MDA-MB-231的存在有变骨的定植和生长的倾向。对于我们的实验中，我们使用来自GFP标记的MDA-MB-231 UTHSCA 2开发克隆。这种特殊的子克隆在大约3周接种后，将形成明显的溶骨性病变，在第4周与牺牲。 </li><li>维持细胞在DMEM中含有10％FBS和0.1毫克/毫升青霉素-链霉素，在37℃下，在5-8％CO 2 7。 </li><li>传代细胞在80-90％汇合，并重新在1:10稀释板...

<ol>
	<li>Sterling, J. A., Edwards, J. R., Martin, T. J., Mundy, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+the+biology+of+bone+metastasis:+how+the+skeleton+affects+tumor+behavior.">Advances in the biology of bone metastasis: how the skeleton affects tumor behavior.</a> Bone. 48, 6-15 (2011).</li><li>Yoneda, T., Sasaki, A., Mundy, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteolytic+bone+metastasis+in+breast+cancer.">Osteolytic bone metastasis in breast cancer.</a> Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 32, 73-84 (1994).</li><li>Johnson, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TGF-beta+promotion+of+Gli2-induced+expression+of+parathyroid+hormone-related+protein,+an+important+osteolytic+factor+in+bone+metastasis,+is+independent+of+canonical+Hedgehog+signaling.">TGF-beta promotion of Gli2-induced expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein, an important osteolytic factor in bone metastasis, is independent of canonical Hedgehog signaling.</a> Cancer Res. 71, 822-831 (2011).</li><li>Li, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+TGF-beta+Responsiveness+in+Prostate+Stromal+Cells+Alters+Chemokine+Levels+and+Facilitates+the+Development+of+Mixed+Osteoblastic/Osteolytic+Bone+Lesions.">Loss of TGF-beta Responsiveness in Prostate Stromal Cells Alters Chemokine Levels and Facilitates the Development of Mixed Osteoblastic/Osteolytic Bone Lesions.</a> Mol. Cancer Res. , (2012).</li><li>Yoneda, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Actions+of+bisphosphonate+on+bone+metastasis+in+animal+models+of+breast+carcinoma.">Actions of bisphosphonate on bone metastasis in animal models of breast carcinoma.</a> Cancer. 88, 2979-2988 (2000).</li><li>Rose, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteoactivin+promotes+breast+cancer+metastasis+to+bone.">Osteoactivin promotes breast cancer metastasis to bone.</a> Mol. Cancer Res. 5, 1001-1014 (2007).</li><li>Sterling, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+hedgehog+signaling+molecule+Gli2+induces+parathyroid+hormone-related+peptide+expression+and+osteolysis+in+metastatic+human+breast+cancer+cells.">The hedgehog signaling molecule Gli2 induces parathyroid hormone-related peptide expression and osteolysis in metastatic human breast cancer cells.</a> Cancer Res. 66, 7548-7553 (2006).</li><li>Lu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=VCAM-1+promotes+osteolytic+expansion+of+indolent+bone+micrometastasis+of+breast+cancer+by+engaging+alpha4beta1-positive+osteoclast+progenitors.">VCAM-1 promotes osteolytic expansion of indolent bone micrometastasis of breast cancer by engaging alpha4beta1-positive osteoclast progenitors.</a> Cancer Cell. 20, 701-714 (2011).</li><li>Oyajobi, B. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+myeloma+in+skeleton+of+mice+by+whole-body+optical+fluorescence+imaging.">Detection of myeloma in skeleton of mice by whole-body optical fluorescence imaging.</a> Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 1701-1708 (2007).</li><li>Johnson, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Longitudinal+live+animal+micro-CT+allows+for+quantitative+analysis+of+tumor-induced+bone+destruction.">Longitudinal live animal micro-CT allows for quantitative analysis of tumor-induced bone destruction.</a> Bone. 48, 141-151 (2011).</li><li>Sterling, J., Johnson, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Imaging Techniques for the Detection and Examination of Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone. 46, (2011).</li><li>Steinbauer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GFP-transfected+tumor+cells+are+useful+in+examining+early+metastasis+in+vivo,+but+immune+reaction+precludes+long-term+tumor+development+studies+in+immunocompetent+mice.">GFP-transfected tumor cells are useful in examining early metastasis in vivo, but immune reaction precludes long-term tumor development studies in immunocompetent mice.</a> Clin. Exp. Metastasis. 20, 135-141 (2003).</li><li>Oyajobi, B. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual+effects+of+macrophage+inflammatory+protein-1alpha+on+osteolysis+and+tumor+burden+in+the+murine+5TGM1+model+of+myeloma+bone+disease.">Dual effects of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha on osteolysis and tumor burden in the murine 5TGM1 model of myeloma bone disease.</a> Blood. 102, 311-319 (2003).</li></ol>

骨肿瘤引起的疾病的研究依赖于几种动物模型，其中最常用的两种心内和intratibial的接种。在许多情况下，研究转移到骨，心内是最好的选择，但是，它并不能代表整个转移过程，为了实现这一目标，因此，乳腺脂肪垫或其他原位注射，最好应使用。肿瘤细胞不容易在大多数研究中使用人类细胞从原发部位转移，如果是的话，他们主要转移到肺部。一些菌株的4T1细胞转移到骨5,6，但病变体...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 的试剂的名称 </td><td> 公司 </td><td> 目录编号 </td></tr><tr><td> MDA-MB-231人乳腺癌细胞</td><td>本来ATCC内部的克隆和选择</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> DMEM </td><td> GIBCO </td><td> 11885 </td></tr><tr><td> PBS </td><td>敏达公司</td><td> 21-040-CV </td></tr><tr><td> FBS </td><td>阿特拉斯生物</td><td> F-0050a </td></tr><tr><td>胰蛋白酶</td><td> GIBCO </td><td> 15400 </td></tr><tr><td> Faxitron </td><td> Faxitron </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>大师</td><td>国际广播电台</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> μCT扫描仪</td><td> SCANCO </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>裸鼠</td><td>哈伦</td><td>狐女 - / - </td></tr><tr><td>胰岛素注射器（300微升，28.5克） </td><td> Becton Dickinson公司</td><td> 309300 </td></tr><tr><td> IVIS </td><td>卡尺</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>辐照啮齿动物的饮食</td><td> Teklad </td><td> 2920x </td></tr></tbody></table>

models of bone metastasis

骨转移是一种常见的恶性肿瘤，包括乳腺癌，前列腺癌和肺癌的发生。一旦成立于骨，肿瘤有显着的发病率和死亡率1。因此，是一种显着的需要理解在骨的肿瘤的建立，生长和活性的分子机制控制。 体内模型中，已经建立了几个研究这些事件，每个人都有特定的优点和局限性。最常用的模型利用心内接种肿瘤细胞直接进入动脉血液供应的无胸腺（裸）BalbC小鼠。此过程可以应用到许多不同类型的肿瘤（包括PC-3前列腺癌，肺癌，和小鼠乳腺脂肪垫肿瘤），然而，在这最后，我们将重点对乳腺癌模型，MDA-MB-231。在这个模型中，我们利用骨高度选择性的克隆，最初来自曼迪博士的研究小组在圣安东尼奥2，即H转GFP的表达和克隆我们的第3组。克隆是骨转移的变体，具有高的osteotropism率和很少转移到肺，肝，肾上腺。虽然心内注射是最常见的用于研究的骨转移，在某些情况下intratibial 4或乳腺脂肪垫注射是比较合适的。腔内注射时使用的人类肿瘤细胞的目标监测的后期阶段的转移，特别是逮捕骨，生存，增殖，并建立发展成癌性骨骼疾病的肿瘤，癌细胞的能力。 intratibial注射如果侧重于肿瘤后，已转移到骨，这大致既定转移性骨病相关的癌症细胞和骨的关系进行。这些模型概括都不在转移过程中的早期步骤之前栓塞和入境进入血液循环的肿瘤细胞。如果要监控从原发部位的骨原发肿瘤的生长或转移，乳腺脂肪垫接种通常是首选;然而，极少数肿瘤细胞株将一如既往地转移到骨骼，从主站点，与4T1的骨优惠克隆的，一个小鼠乳腺癌，除5,6。 这手稿细节接种程序，并强调在接种后分析的关键步骤。具体来说，它包括细胞培养，心内和intratibial接种的肿瘤细胞接种程序，以及通过X-射线，荧光和组织形态计量学分析的简要信息，关于每周监测。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Models of Bone Metastasis at JoVE.com

Models of Bone Metastasis

经常用来研究癌症骨转移动物模型。在这个协议中，我们将介绍两种常见的方法接种肿瘤骨转移研究，并简要介绍了一些用来监测和量化这些模型的分析。

骨转移模型

Bone metastases are a common occurrence in several malignancies, including breast, prostate, and lung. Once established in bone, tumors are responsible ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Experimental Metastasis Assay

实验转移的含量

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer patients.  To understand the mechanism of metastasis, an experimental metastasis assay was established ...

科研

医学

In vitro Mesothelial Clearance Assay that Models the Early Steps of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis

In vitro Mesothelial Clearance Assay that Models the Early Steps of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis

这些模型在体外间皮间隙检测卵巢癌转移的早期步骤

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States1. Despite a positive initial response to therapies, 70 to 90 ...

Multi-modal Imaging of Angiogenesis in a Nude Rat Model of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Volumetric Computed Tomography and Ultrasound

利用磁共振成像，容积电脑断层扫描及超音波的裸鼠乳腺癌骨转移大鼠模型血管生成的多模态成像

Angiogenesis is an essential feature of cancer growth and metastasis formation. In bone metastasis, angiogenic factors are pivotal for tumor cell ...

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的临床前评价急性白血病的治疗

Receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and progression of many cancers, including both leukemia and solid tumors, and are ...

An Orthotopic Murine Model of Human Prostate Cancer Metastasis

人类前列腺癌转移的原位小鼠模型

Our laboratory has developed a novel orthotopic implantation model of  human prostate cancer (PCa). As PCa death is not due to the primary tumor, but  ...

Adjustable Stiffness, External Fixator for the Rat Femur Osteotomy and Segmental Bone Defect Models

可调节刚度，外固定支架的大鼠股骨截骨和节段性骨缺损模型

The mechanical environment around the healing of broken bone is very important as it determines the way the fracture will heal. Over the past decade there ...

High-frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Cervical Lymph Nodes

鼠标颈淋巴结高频超声成像

High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is widely employed as a non-invasive method for imaging internal anatomic structures in experimental small animal ...

A "Patient-Like" Orthotopic Syngeneic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis

“以病人为像”肝癌原位同源小鼠模型的癌转移

The majority of cancer-related deaths are caused by the metastasis of the cancer rather than the primary tumor itself. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of ...

Quantitation of Intra-peritoneal Ovarian Cancer Metastasis

腹膜内卵巢癌转移的定量

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy in the United States.  Mortality is due to diagnosis of 75% of ...

Evaluation of Lung Metastasis in Mouse Mammary Tumor Models by Quantitative Real-time PCR

评价肺转移的小鼠乳腺肿瘤模型定量实时荧光定量PCR

Metastatic disease is the spread of malignant tumor cells from the primary cancer site to a distant organ and is the primary cause of cancer associated ...