Name: echo particle image velocimetry
Uploaded: 2012-12-27T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Echo Particle Image Velocimetry at JoVE.com

作者非常感谢支持由美国国家科学基金会，CBET0846359，授予显示器霍斯特·亨宁冬季。

1。创建一个可测流量<ol><li> EPIV验证测量将被证明在管内流动的甘油水溶液（甘油50％ - 50％的水）。是图1中所示的实验装置的示意图。 </li><li>已加入空心玻璃球，其标称直径为10μm处的流体的浓度为约17重量份每百万。空心玻璃球作为超声造影剂，和它们的大小和密度的选择，使得它们被动跟随流体流动10 </li><li>一个固定的电压被供给到泵引入公知的流量。 U &lt;&lt;ΔX/?...

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	<li>White, F. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Fluid Mechanics. , (1994).</li><li>Hak, M. G. a. d. -. e. l. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Flow Control: Passive, Active, and Reactive Flow Management. , (2000).</li><li>Kim, B. H., Hertzberg, J. R., Shandas, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+validation+of+echo+PIV.">Development and validation of echo PIV.</a> Exp. Fluids. 36, 455-462 (2004).</li><li>Zheng, H., Liu, L., Williams, L., Hertzberg, J. R., Lanning, C., Shandas, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real+time+multicomponent+echo+particle+image+velocimetry+technique+for+opaque+flow+imaging.">Real time multicomponent echo particle image velocimetry technique for opaque flow imaging.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 261915 (2006).</li><li>Beulen, B., Bijnens, N., Rutten, M., Brands, P., van de Vosse, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perpendicular+ultrasound+velocity+measurement+by+2D+cross+correlation+of+RF+data.+Part+A:+validation+in+a+straight+tube.">Perpendicular ultrasound velocity measurement by 2D cross correlation of RF data. Part A: validation in a straight tube.</a> Exp. Fluids. 49, 1177-1186 (2010).</li><li>Poelma, C., Mari, J. M., Foin, N., Tang, M. -. X., Krams, R., Caro, C. G., Weinberg, P. D., Westerweel, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3D+Flow+reconstruction+using+ultrasound+PIV.">3D Flow reconstruction using ultrasound PIV.</a> Exp. Fluids. 50, 777-785 (2011).</li><li>GE VINGMED ULTRASOUND A/A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Vivid 7/Vivid 7 PRO Userâ€™s Manual. , (1988).</li><li>Szabo, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging: Inside Out. , (2004).</li><li>Raffel, M., Willert, C., Wereley, S., Kompenhans, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Particle Image Velocimetry: A Practical Guide. , (2007).</li></ol>

操作协议回声粒子图像测速系统（EPIV）能够获得二维领域的速度，在不透光的液体或不透光的几何形状进行了描述。实际应用EPIV是非常适合于工业和生物流系统，其中不透明的流体的流动在很多应用程序发生的研究。这里介绍的特定的系统专门被建研究纤维素乙醇的生产中使用的液化生物量流体的流动性质。代表性的测量管流表现出的能力EPIV。特别是，平均值和均方根速度计算剖面从EPIV矢量场...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td>的试剂的名称</td><td>公司</td><td>目录编号</td><td>评论（可选） </td></tr><tr><td>超声波机</td><td>通用电器</td><td>生动的7专业版</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>线性超声阵列</td><td>通用电器</td><td> 10 L </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>直流水泵</td><td> KNF </td><td> NF 10 KPDC </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>向量处理软件</td><td> Lavision </td><td>戴维斯7.2 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>后处理软件</td><td> Mathworks公司</td><td> MATLAB 7.12 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>亚克力管</td><td>麦克马斯特车ŕ </td><td> 8486K531 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>超声凝胶</td><td>帕克</td><td>使用Aquasonic 100 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

echo particle image velocimetry

在流体流动的质量，动量和能量的运输最终确定的流体速度场的时空分布。因此，理解的先决条件，预测，控制流体流动的能力来衡量的速度场足够的空间和时间分辨率2速度测量不透光的液体或不透光的几何形状，回声颗粒图像测速（EPIV）的是一个有吸引力的诊断技术来产生“瞬间”二维领域的速度。3,4,5,6在此报告纸的经营协议的EPIV系统整合商业医疗超声机7台 PC上运行的商业粒子图像测速（PIV）软件8，验证测量在哈根泊肃叶流（ 即层流管） 。 对于EPIV措施MENTS，相控阵探头连接到医用超声机是用来产生一个二维超声波图像，通过在不同的时间脉冲的压电探针元件。每个探头元件的超声波脉冲发送到流体中，并在流体中的示踪粒子（无论是天然存在的或种子）回到探头它们被记录的位置反映超声回波。反射超声波和自己的时间延迟相对于传输的幅度被用来创建什么是被称为B-模式（亮度模式）二维超声图像。具体而言，延迟时间被用来确定在流体中的散射体的位置，并且振幅被用于分配的散射体的强度。所需的时间，以获得一个单一的B模式图像， 吨 ，确定所需要的时间，脉冲的相控阵探头的所有元素。用于获取多个B模式图像，帧速率中的系统帧每秒（fps）的= 1 /和deLTA吨。 （见9超声成像的评论。） 对于一个典型的EPIV实验，帧速率是20-60帧，根据流动性条件下，和（100-1000）的B模式图像的流中的示踪粒子的空间分布之间的获取。收购后，B型超声图像的传输通过以太网连接到PC上运行的PIV商业软件。使用PIV软件，示踪粒子位移字段，D（的x，y）[像素]，（其中x和y表示的超声波图像中的水平和垂直的空间位置，分别）获得互相关算法通过施加连续的超声B-模式的图像10的速度场，ü（的x，y）[米/秒]，确定从位移字段，知道图像对之间的时间步长，ΔT[秒]，以及图像的放大倍率，M [米/像素， 即u（x，y）= MD（X，Y）/ΔT。时间步骤between图像ΔT= 1/fps + D（的x，y）/ B，其中 B [像素/ s]是所花费的时间为超声波探头扫过的图像宽度。在本研究中，M = 77 [μm/像素]，帧率= 49.5 [1 /秒]， 和 B = 25047 [像素/秒]。收购后，速度场进行分析，以计算​​流量的利益。

在图3中示出一种瞬时回波颗粒图像测速（EPIV）矢量场。向量图显示速度矢量，第四列和等高线图的背景色对应于速度的大小。系综平均的矢量绘图平均超过1000的瞬间EPIV向量图如图4所示。与管流一致，主要流向的方向的速度矢量，发生最大的速度在管道中心线，和在管道壁的速度减少到零。的根均方（rms）的速度大小波动是在图5中所示。由于在的Hagen-Poiseui...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Echo Particle Image Velocimetry at JoVE.com

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry

一个回声粒子图像测速系统（EPIV）能够取得两维领域的速度在不透光的液体或不透光的几何形状的描述和验证测量管流。

回声粒子图像测速技术

The transport of mass, momentum, and energy in fluid flows is ultimately determined by spatiotemporal distributions of the fluid velocity field.1 ...

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