Name: echo particle image velocimetry
Uploaded: 2012-12-27T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Echo Particle Image Velocimetry at JoVE.com

लेखकों को आभार राष्ट्रीय विज्ञान फाउंडेशन, CBET0846359, अनुदान निगरानी होर्स्ट हेनिंग शीतकालीन द्वारा समर्थन को स्वीकार करते हैं.

1. एक औसत दर्जे का फ्लो बनाएँ <ol><li> EPIV सत्यापन माप एक ग्लिसरीन पानी के घोल (50% पानी ग्लिसरीन 50%) की पाइप प्रवाह में प्रदर्शन किया जाएगा. प्रयोगात्मक सेटअप का एक योजनाबद्ध चित्र 1 में दिखाया गया है. </li><li> 10 स?...

<ol>
	<li>White, F. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Fluid Mechanics. , (1994).</li><li>Hak, M. G. a. d. -. e. l. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Flow Control: Passive, Active, and Reactive Flow Management. , (2000).</li><li>Kim, B. H., Hertzberg, J. R., Shandas, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+validation+of+echo+PIV.">Development and validation of echo PIV.</a> Exp. Fluids. 36, 455-462 (2004).</li><li>Zheng, H., Liu, L., Williams, L., Hertzberg, J. R., Lanning, C., Shandas, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real+time+multicomponent+echo+particle+image+velocimetry+technique+for+opaque+flow+imaging.">Real time multicomponent echo particle image velocimetry technique for opaque flow imaging.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 261915 (2006).</li><li>Beulen, B., Bijnens, N., Rutten, M., Brands, P., van de Vosse, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perpendicular+ultrasound+velocity+measurement+by+2D+cross+correlation+of+RF+data.+Part+A:+validation+in+a+straight+tube.">Perpendicular ultrasound velocity measurement by 2D cross correlation of RF data. Part A: validation in a straight tube.</a> Exp. Fluids. 49, 1177-1186 (2010).</li><li>Poelma, C., Mari, J. M., Foin, N., Tang, M. -. X., Krams, R., Caro, C. G., Weinberg, P. D., Westerweel, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3D+Flow+reconstruction+using+ultrasound+PIV.">3D Flow reconstruction using ultrasound PIV.</a> Exp. Fluids. 50, 777-785 (2011).</li><li>GE VINGMED ULTRASOUND A/A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Vivid 7/Vivid 7 PRO Userâ€™s Manual. , (1988).</li><li>Szabo, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging: Inside Out. , (2004).</li><li>Raffel, M., Willert, C., Wereley, S., Kompenhans, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Particle Image Velocimetry: A Practical Guide. , (2007).</li></ol>

एक गूंज कण छवि velocimetry (EPIV) ऑप्टिकली अपारदर्शी तरल पदार्थ में या ऑप्टिकली अपारदर्शी geometries के माध्यम से वेग के दो आयामी क्षेत्रों को प्राप्त करने में सक्षम प्रणाली के लिए ऑपरेटिंग प्रोटोकॉल में वर्णित किया ग...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> अभिकर्मक के नाम </td><td> कंपनी </td><td> सूचीपत्र संख्या </td><td> टिप्पणियां (वैकल्पिक) </td></tr><tr><td> अल्ट्रासाउंड मशीन </td><td> जीई </td><td> चमकीला Pro 7 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> रैखिक अल्ट्रासाउंड ऐरे </td><td> जीई </td><td> 10 एल </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> डीसी जल पम्प </td><td> KNF </td><td> NF 10 KPDC </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> वेक्टर प्रोसेसिंग सॉफ्टवेयर </td><td> Lavision </td><td> 7.2 डेविस </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> प्रोसेसिंग सॉफ्टवेयर </td><td> Mathworks </td><td> 7.12 MATLAB </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> एक्रिलिक टयूबिंग </td><td> McMaster कारr </td><td> 8486K531 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> अल्ट्रासाउंड जेल </td><td> पार्कर </td><td> 100 Aquasonic </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

echo particle image velocimetry

The transport of mass, momentum, and energy in fluid flows is ultimately determined by spatiotemporal distributions of the fluid velocity field.1 Consequently, a prerequisite for understanding, predicting, and controlling fluid flows is the capability to measure the velocity field with adequate spatial and temporal resolution.2 For velocity measurements in optically opaque fluids or through optically opaque geometries, echo particle image velocimetry (EPIV) is an attractive diagnostic technique to generate "instantaneous" two-dimensional fields of velocity.3,4,5,6 In this paper, the operating protocol for an EPIV system built by integrating a commercial medical ultrasound machine7 with a PC running commercial particle image velocimetry (PIV) software8 is described, and validation measurements in Hagen-Poiseuille (i.e., laminar pipe) flow are reported.
For the EPIV measurements, a phased array probe connected to the medical ultrasound machine is used to generate a two-dimensional ultrasound image by pulsing the piezoelectric probe elements at different times. Each probe element transmits an ultrasound pulse into the fluid, and tracer particles in the fluid (either naturally occurring or seeded) reflect ultrasound echoes back to the probe where they are recorded. The amplitude of the reflected ultrasound waves and their time delay relative to transmission are used to create what is known as B-mode (brightness mode) two-dimensional ultrasound images. Specifically, the time delay is used to determine the position of the scatterer in the fluid and the amplitude is used to assign intensity to the scatterer. The time required to obtain a single B-mode image, t, is determined by the time it take to pulse all the elements of the phased array probe. For acquiring multiple B-mode images, the frame rate of the system in frames per second (fps) = 1/&delta;t. (See 9 for a review of ultrasound imaging.)
For a typical EPIV experiment, the frame rate is between 20-60 fps, depending on flow conditions, and 100-1000 B-mode images of the spatial distribution of the tracer particles in the flow are acquired. Once acquired, the B-mode ultrasound images are transmitted via an ethernet connection to the PC running the PIV commercial software. Using the PIV software, tracer particle displacement fields, D(x,y)[pixels], (where x and y denote horizontal and vertical spatial position in the ultrasound image, respectively) are acquired by applying cross correlation algorithms to successive ultrasound B-mode images.10 The velocity fields, u(x,y)[m/s], are determined from the displacements fields, knowing the time step between image pairs, &Delta;T[s], and the image magnification, M[meter/pixel], i.e., u(x,y) = MD(x,y)/&Delta;T. The time step between images &Delta;T = 1/fps + D(x,y)/B, where B[pixels/s] is the time it takes for the ultrasound probe to sweep across the image width. In the present study, M = 77[&mu;m/pixel], fps = 49.5[1/s], and B = 25,047[pixels/s]. Once acquired, the velocity fields can be analyzed to compute flow quantities of interest.

एक तात्कालिक गूंज कण छवि velocimetry (EPIV) सदिश क्षेत्र चित्रा 3 में दिखाया गया है. वेक्टर साजिश वेग वैक्टर हर चौथे स्तंभ से पता चलता है, और पृष्ठभूमि रंग समोच्च मानचित्र वेग परिमाण से मेल खाती है. एक कलाकार?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Echo Particle Image Velocimetry at JoVE.com

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry

एक गूंज कण छवि velocimetry (EPIV) ऑप्टिकली अपारदर्शी तरल पदार्थ में या ऑप्टिकली अपारदर्शी geometries के माध्यम से वेग के दो आयामी क्षेत्रों को प्राप्त करने के लिए सक्षम प्रणाली में वर्णित है, और पाइप प्रवाह में माप सत्यापन रिपोर्ट कर रहे हैं.

इको कण छवि velocimetry

The transport of mass, momentum, and energy in fluid flows is ultimately determined by spatiotemporal distributions of the fluid velocity field.1 ...

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