Name: peering into the dynamics of social interactions: measuring play fighting in rats
Uploaded: 2013-01-18T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats at JoVE.com

我们感谢“哈利·弗兰克·古根海姆基金会和自然科学与工程研究理事会，加拿大赠款，支持SMP，研究这些方法​​的发展。

1。设备和室内设置<ol><li>播放箱装置，是一种透明的有机玻璃盒测量50厘米X 50厘米X 50厘米1-2厘米的标准玉米芯床上用品。 </li><li>所有的拍摄是在黑暗中进行，通过手持式摄录一体机在夜间拍摄选项。 </li><li>被放置在一个45°角朝下向播放盒在三脚架上的摄像机。所有的四角必须是可见的拍摄，获得设备的完整视图。 </li></ol> 2。方法<ol><li>动物之间日龄的断奶21日至23日。根据...

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Soc. 22, 587-590 (1984).</li><li>Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J., Niesink, R. J. M., van Ree, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+neurobiology+of+play+behavior+in+rats.">The neurobiology of play behavior in rats.</a> Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 21, 309-326 (1997).</li><li>Whishaw, I. Q., Kolb, B., Tees, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+decorticate+rat.">The decorticate rat.</a> Cerebral cortex of the rat. , 239-268 (1990).</li></ol>

游戏的战斗是一个复杂的，动态的互动中，参与者不断地影响彼此的行为。其结果是，那些动态和执行的动作然性质是敏感的一个评分机制是必要的。本文中概述的计划已经证明是成功的跨性别，个体差异比较，通过研发，的应变差异和实验性的治疗4，14，16，20，24，29，30，31，32，32，36。此外，该计划可用于为骨架的建立精炼。例如，在大鼠的距离响应攻击者的方法可以影响的类型和?...

大鼠最繁忙的动物已经在实验室研究打10，21，41，和几个已经尝试开发计分计划，以衡量影响的实验性治疗上发挥战斗8，9，37，38， 39。然而，虽然这些计划取得了一些成功，监测频率的比赛，他们是不太适合的方法来监测的发挥，由于他们缺乏灵敏度的动态的相互作用13中的内容发生变化。主要的问题是一个合作伙伴，在战斗中，战术的运用往往是队伍的表现特别的战术等2，15。我们已经制定了一个评分机制，需要考虑的相互作用的动态，因此更适合于检测和表征在播放过程中发生的微妙的变化，实验操作16，20，26。在本文中，我们重点测量的防守战术执行的收件人俏皮的攻击。 在激烈战斗中，动物的攻击，捍卫特定的身体指标，用种典型武器系统5。在大鼠中，主要武器是牙齿，是用来咬的侧面和背部2。这种严重的战斗很容易表现在居民入侵者的背景下，在一个陌生的成年男性被引入到笼子里的居民的成年男性，15。由于严重的战斗，在游戏中的战斗，动物也竞争，另1获得一些优势。大鼠，例如，攻击和防御的颈背颈部15，如果接触的吻11，32，轻轻地蹭着。因此，可以看出俏皮的攻击进取的攻击不仅基于物理相互作用的方式（亲昵在一起和咬），而且还对身体的攻击目标（颈背与侧面和较低的背部）。此外，俏皮爱抚不应该混淆与社会调查或相互理毛。社会调查涉及的嗅探的合作伙伴，最常见于面部及肛门生殖器区域。由于这些行为的出现，以配合俏皮的行为，因此可能会被认为是俏皮的相互作用方面，它已被证明，这些社会互动游戏行为之前。此外，在从事社会调查的动机是独立的类似的变化在播放9。有几个特点，区分理毛从打20个 。首先，理毛，通常会出现当老鼠挤在一起了漫长的玩。二，俏皮的攻击集中在颈背，理毛可能涉及许多地方的伴侣的身体接触，虽然它有时是专注于颈背。第三，这个修饰包括温和的剪切和拉的T他的合作伙伴的皮毛与牙齿。第四，不像理毛，最好玩的攻击，颈背辩护的收件人，从而导致摔跤复杂的序列。 本文的主要焦点是显示什么可以卓有成效地在这些复杂的序列，包括摔跤的比赛，可以测量的。如下图所示，使用各种战术的后卫，以保护其颈背导致不同的可能结果。这些成果，在地面上，如摔跤，拳击或追逐，在一些研究中被作为独立的行为模式计量，但我们发现，在大多数情况下，这些结果取决于通过收件人的防守战术颈背攻击15。例如，回避战术往往会导致追逐，滚来滚去到后面，导致摔跤。因此，结果测量，如拳击和摔跤，实际上是两个参与者的行动所产生的复合材料。使用动态的方法，我们的框架提供了一个装置相互作用中的得分的时刻测量的动作时，是由于只有一个参与者28，一种方法，将是更明显的读者一次给出的实施例的使用如何测量框架。 正如图1中所示，大鼠在左边被看作接近另一个从后部（一），然后猛扑朝向颈背其颈部（二）。然而，在接触时，防守方绕其体（c）至面对其攻击者（四）的纵向轴线。由于攻击者不断向前发展，中后卫推到它的边（E），然后翻转到其背后的攻击者继续达到其颈背（FH）。从仰卧位，后卫启动的攻击朝其合作伙伴的颈背（I），但被阻止通过其合作伙伴的后脚（J，K）。另一企图获得其合作伙伴的颈背，老鼠在TOP是被关闭（L）仰卧动物的后腿（M），从而使原始的后卫重新站稳脚跟（n）和弓步攻击其合作伙伴的颈背（O）。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/4288/4288fig1.jpg" alt="图1"/> 图1。对幼年雄性大鼠的过程中发挥战斗的进攻和防守的颈背。从Pellis＆Pellis 15的John Wiley＆Sons出版许可转载。

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 设备 </td><td> 评论（可选） </td></tr><tr><td>索尼DCR-DVD103摄像机</td><td>光学变焦20倍，夜拍 见下面</td></tr><tr><td>播放设备</td><td> 50 X 50 X 50CM有机玻璃</td></tr><tr><td></td><td> *所有摄像机会记录，虽然希望优化变焦光学变焦20倍或以上。 </td></tr></tbody></table>

peering into the dynamics of social interactions: measuring play fighting in rats

播放战斗在大鼠的攻击和防御的脖子颈背，如果接触的吻，轻轻地蹭着。因为一个动物的变动所抵消其合作伙伴的行动，打打架是一个复杂的，动态的互动。这种动态的复杂性提出了什么分数实验研究方法上的问题。我们提出了一个得分架构执行的动作的相关性质是敏感的。打打架的频率可以计算俏皮的颈背单位时间内发生的攻击的数量来衡量。然而，俏皮的防守，因为它只能发生在响应攻击，必然是一项措施，是最佳的百分比来衡量（＃攻击辩护/总数＃的攻击×100％）。特定的攻击是如何抵御可能涉及的几个策略之一，而这些都是队伍在防守上发生，因此，防守的类型也是最好的表达然一个百分比。两个实验说明了如何将这些测量结果可以用来玩格斗检测的脑损伤的影响，即使当没有影响整体嬉闹。也就是说，这里介绍的模式，设计，检测和评价的实验性治疗后，在播放的内容 。

<html>两项研究说明了如何多方位的得分方案，我们已经开发出可用于诊断上发挥战斗作用的影响，实验操作。首先表明，该方法可以用来查明改变的实验操作和所述第二显示如何使用该方法可用于测量的关系的变化的实验操作后的特定成分发挥。 （1）新生儿剥脱术的影响彻底清除皮质可导致成年大鼠，可以在实验室环境中42，然而，由于假定的作?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats at JoVE.com

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats

播放战斗在大鼠的攻击和防御的脖子颈背，如果接触的吻，轻轻地蹭着。因为一个动物的变动所抵消其合作伙伴的行动，打打架是一个复杂的，动态的互动。这种动态的复杂性提出了什么分数实验研究方法上的问题。我们提出了一个得分架构执行的动作的相关性质是敏感的。两个实验说明了如何将这些测量结果可以用来玩格斗检测的脑损伤的影响，即使当没有影响整体嬉闹。也就是说，这里提出的模式被设计为检测和评估变化<em&gt;内容</em，发挥下列一种实验性治疗。

窥视到社会相互作用的动力学测量打打架的影响

Play fighting in the rat involves attack and defense of the nape of the neck, which if contacted, is gently nuzzled with the snout. Because the movements ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

睾酮和社会决策，结合行为内分泌和实验经济学：

Behavioral endocrinological research in humans as well as in animals suggests that testosterone plays a key role in social interactions. Studies in ...

科研

神经科学

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

观察虚拟社会交往中的神经关联的脑成像研究

The ability to gauge social interactions is crucial in the assessment of others&#x2019; intentions. Factors such as facial expressions and body language ...

Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices

双突触诱发的星形胶质细胞和神经元的反应，在急性海马脑片电生理记录

Astrocytes form together with neurons tripartite synapses, where they integrate and modulate neuronal activity. Indeed, astrocytes sense neuronal inputs ...

Inducing Plasticity of Astrocytic Receptors by Manipulation of Neuronal Firing Rates

诱导星形胶质细胞受体的可塑性由神经元的放电频率操作

Close to two decades of research has established that astrocytes in situ and in vivo express numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can be ...

Microelectrode Guided Implantation of Electrodes into the Subthalamic Nucleus of Rats for Long-term Deep Brain Stimulation

微电极引导电极植入到大鼠丘脑底核的长期深部脑刺激

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely used and effective therapy for several neurologic disorders, such as idiopathic Parkinson&#8217;s disease, ...

Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster

Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster

在条件影响社会空间<em&gt;果蝇</em

The social space assay described here can be used to quantify social interactions of Drosophila melanogaster &#8212; or other small insects &#8212; in a ...

Peering at Brain Polysomes with Atomic Force Microscopy

在脑核糖凝视与原子力显微镜

The translational machinery, i.e., the polysome or polyribosome, is one of the biggest and most complex cytoplasmic machineries in cells. Polysomes, ...

Autonomous and Rechargeable Microneurostimulator Endoscopically Implantable into the Submucosa

自主和可充电 Microneurostimulator 内窥镜植入黏膜下层

Gastric dysmotility can be a sign of common diseases such as longstanding diabetes mellitus. It is known that the application of high-frequency ...

Establishment of Acute Pontine Infarction in Rats by Electrical Stimulation

电刺激在大鼠中建立急性庞廷梗死

Pontine infarction is the most common stroke subtype in the posterior circulation, while there lacks a rodent model mimicking pontine infarction. Provided ...

Laser-Induced Brain Injury in the Motor Cortex of Rats

大鼠运动皮层中的激光诱发脑损伤

A common technique for inducing stroke in experimental rodent models involves the transient (often denoted as MCAO-t) or permanent (designated as MCAO-p) ...