Name: harvesting solar energy by means of charge-separating nanocrystals and their solids
Uploaded: 2012-08-23T12:03:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids at JoVE.com

हम सलाह और मूल्यवान विचार - विमर्श के लिए डॉ. फेलिक्स (BGSU) Castellano और एन.आर. नील स्वीकार करना चाहते हैं. हम कृतज्ञता obor &quot;सामग्री नेटवर्क&quot; कार्यक्रम और वित्तीय सहायता के लिए बॉलिंग ग्रीन स्टेट यूनिवर्सिटी को स्वीकार करते हैं. 1112227 - यह काम आंशिक रूप से पुरस्कार चे के तहत NSF द्वारा समर्थित किया गया.

1. ZnSe कोर Nanocrystals 8 के संश्लेषण <ol><li> प्लेस 7.0 छ ओडीए और एक तीन गर्दन फ्लास्क में एक चुंबकीय हलचल बार. </li><li> फ्लास्क में एक अलग, 0.063 ग्राम से और 2.4 मिलीलीटर टॉप गठबंधन और एक चुंबकीय हलचल बार जोड़ें. ऊपर और सेलेनियम ?...

<ol>
	<li>Kamat, P. V., Flumiani, M., Dawson, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metal+-+Metal+and+Metal-+Semiconductor+Composite+Nanoclusters.">Metal - Metal and Metal- Semiconductor Composite Nanoclusters.</a> Colloids Surf. A. 202, 269-279 (2002).</li><li>Dawson, A., Kamat, P. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complexation+of+Gold+Nanoparticles+with+Radiolytically+Generated+Thiocyanate+Radicals+((SCN)2.">Complexation of Gold Nanoparticles with Radiolytically Generated Thiocyanate Radicals ((SCN)2.</a> J. Phys. Chem. B. 105, 960-966 (2001).</li><li>Borensztein, Y., Delannoy, L., Djedidi, A., Barrera, R. 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R., Wang, X., Konstantatos, G., Debnath, R., Levina, L., Raabe, I., Nazeeruddin, M. K., Gratzel, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Depleted-Heterojunction+Colloidal+Quantum+Dot+Solar+Cells.">Depleted-Heterojunction Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells.</a> ACS Nano. 4, 3374-3380 (2010).</li><li>Kinder, E., Moroz, P., Diederich, G., Johnson, A., Kirsanova, M., Nemchinov, A., O'Connor, T., Roth, D., Zamkov, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+All-Inorganic+Nanocrystal+Solids+through+Matrix+Encapsulation+of+Nanocrystal+Arrays.">Fabrication of All-Inorganic Nanocrystal Solids through Matrix Encapsulation of Nanocrystal Arrays.</a> J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 133, 20488-20499 (2011).</li><li>Davide, C. P., Liberato, M., Lucia, C. M., Stefan, K., Cinzia, G., Marinella, S., Angela, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shape+and+Phase+Control+of+Colloidal+ZnSe+Nanocrystals.">Shape and Phase Control of Colloidal ZnSe Nanocrystals.</a> Chem. Mater. 17, 1296-1306 (2005).</li><li>Carbone, L., Nobile, C., de Giorgi, M., Sala, F. D., Morello, G., Pompa, P., Hytch, M., Snoeck, E., Fiore, A., Franchini, I. R., Nadasan, M., Silvestre, A. F., Chiodo, L., Kudera, S., Cingolani, R., Krahne, R., Manna, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+Micrometer-Scale+Assembly+of+Colloidal+CdSe/CdS+Nanorods+Prepared+by+a+Seeded+Growth+Approach.">Synthesis and Micrometer-Scale Assembly of Colloidal CdSe/CdS Nanorods Prepared by a Seeded Growth Approach.</a> Nano Lett. 7, 2942-2950 (2007).</li><li>Habas, S. E., Yang, P., Mokari, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+Growth+of+Metal+and+Binary+Metal+Tips+on+CdS+Nanorods.">Selective Growth of Metal and Binary Metal Tips on CdS Nanorods.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 3294-3295 (2008).</li><li>Costi, R., Saunders, A. E., Elmalem, E., Salant, A., Banin, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visible+Light-Induced+Charge+Retention+and+Photocatalysis+with+Hybrid+CdSe-Au+Nanodumbbells.">Visible Light-Induced Charge Retention and Photocatalysis with Hybrid CdSe-Au Nanodumbbells.</a> Nano Lett. 8, 637-641 (2008).</li><li>Hines, M. A., Scholes, G. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Colloidal+PbS+Nanocrystals+with+Size-Tunable+Near-Infrared+Emission:+Observation+of+Post-Synthesis+Self-Narrowing+of+the+Particle+Size+Distribution.">Colloidal PbS Nanocrystals with Size-Tunable Near-Infrared Emission: Observation of Post-Synthesis Self-Narrowing of the Particle Size Distribution.</a> Adv. Mater. 15, 1844-1849 (2003).</li><li>Pietryga, J. M., Werder, D. J., Williams, D. J., Casson, J. L., Schaller, R. D., Klimov, V. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Utilizing+the+Lability+of+Lead+Selenide+to+Produce+Heterostructured+Nanocrystals+with+Bright,+Stable+Infrared+Emission.">Utilizing the Lability of Lead Selenide to Produce Heterostructured Nanocrystals with Bright, Stable Infrared Emission.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 4879-4885 (2008).</li><li>Tang, J., Kemp, K. W., Hoogland, S., Jeong, K. S., Liu, H., Levina, L., Furukawa, M., Wang, X., Debnath, R., Cha, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Colloidal-quantum-dot+photovoltaics+using+atomic-ligand+passivation.">Colloidal-quantum-dot photovoltaics using atomic-ligand passivation.</a> Nat. Mat. 10, 765-771 (2011).</li></ol>

यह अध्ययन यह दर्शाता है कि कैसे nanocrystals अकार्बनिक समग्र आर्किटेक्चर photoinduced के आरोप से एक स्थानिक जुदाई को प्राप्त करने के लिए नियोजित किया जा सकता है. विशेष रूप से, इन कंपोजिट दो डोमेन है, जो तब या तो photocatalytic या ?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> अभिकर्मक के नाम </td><td> कंपनी </td><td> सूचीपत्र संख्या </td><td> टिप्पणियां (वैकल्पिक) </td></tr><tr><td> octadecylamine (ओडीए), 90% </td><td> मछुआ </td><td> AC12932-0050 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> सेलेनियम (एसई), 200 जाल </td><td> Acros </td><td> AC19807-2500 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> त्रि-n-octylphosphine (ऊपर), 97% </td><td> Strem </td><td> 15-6655 </td><td> एयर संवेदनशील </td></tr><tr><td> diethyl (Et2Zn) जस्ता, wt द्वारा 10%. </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> 22080 </td><td> एयर संवेदनशील, प्रकाश के प्रति संवेदनशील </td></tr><tr><td> मेथनॉल, 99.8%, निर्जल </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> 179337 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> टोल्यूनि, 99.8%, निर्जल </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> 244511 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> त्रिकोणीय n octylphosphine (Topo) ऑक्साइड, 99% </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> 223301 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> n-octadecylphosphonic (ODPA) एसिड, 98% </td><td> PCI संश्लेषण </td><td> 104224 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> hexylphosphonic एसिड (hPa), 98% </td><td> PCI संश्लेषण </td><td> 4721-24-8 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> कैडमियम ऑक्साइड (CDO), 99.99% </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> 202894 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> सल्फर (एस), 99,999% </td><td> Acros </td><td> AC19993-0500 </td><td> मजबूत गंध </td></tr><tr><td> 11-mercaptoundecanoic एसिड (MUA), 95% </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> 450561 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> पोटेशियम हीड्राकसीड (KOH) </td><td> Acros </td><td> AC13406-0010 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> क्लोरोफॉर्म </td><td> VWR </td><td> EM-CX1059-1 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> ऑक्साइड (PBO), 99,999% का नेतृत्व </td><td> Aldrich </td><td>32,306 - 1KG </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> (क़सीदा) 1 octadecene, 90% </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> O806 - 25ml </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> ओलिक एसिड (OA), 90% </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> O1008 - 1G </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> बीआईएस (trimethylsilyl) (टीएमएस) सल्फाइड, सिंथेटिक ग्रेड </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> २८३१३४-25G </td><td> एयर संवेदनशील, मजबूत गंध, उच्च प्रतिक्रियाशील </td></tr><tr><td> एसीटोन </td><td> ईएमडी रसायन </td><td> AX0118-2 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> कैडमियम एसीटेट </td><td> Acros </td><td> AC31713-5000 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> सोडियम सल्फाइड (ना 2 एस • 9H हे 2) nonahydrate, 98% </td><td> अल्फा Aesar </td><td> CB1100945 </td><td> प्रकाश संवेदी </td></tr><tr><td> hexadecyltrimethyl अमोनियम (CTAB) ब्रोमाइड, 99% </td><td> सिग्मा </td><td> H6269-100g </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> oleylamine, 70% </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> O7805-5G </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> diphenyl ईथर </td><td> अल्फा Aesar </td><td> 101-84-8 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 1,2 - hexadecanediol </td><td> टीसीआई </td><td> 6920-24-7 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> पं. (द्वितीय) acetylacetonate, 97% </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> 282,782 - 5G </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> isopropanol, 99.8% निर्जल, </td><td> Acros </td><td> AC32696-0025 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> टाइटेनियम टेट्राक्लोराइड (TiCl4), 99.9% </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> 697,079-25G </td><td> बेहद संवेदनशील है हवा </td></tr><tr><td> टाइटेनियम डाइऑक्साइड, DSL 90T </td><td> प्रासंगिकता </td><td> DSL 90T </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> terpineol </td><td> सांसद बायोमेडिकल </td><td> 98-55-5 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 3-mercaptopropionic एसिड (यूके), 99% </td><td> अल्फा Aesar </td><td> A10435 </td><td> मजबूत गंध </td></tr><tr><td> ओकटाइन, निर्जल, 99% </td><td> Aldrich </td><td> 412236 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

harvesting solar energy by means of charge-separating nanocrystals and their solids

Conjoining different semiconductor materials in a single nano-composite provides synthetic means for the development of novel optoelectronic materials offering a superior control over the spatial distribution of charge carriers across material interfaces. As this study demonstrates, a combination of donor-acceptor nanocrystal (NC) domains in a single nanoparticle can lead to the realization of efficient photocatalytic1-5 materials, while a layered assembly of donor- and acceptor-like nanocrystals films gives rise to photovoltaic materials.
Initially the paper focuses on the synthesis of composite inorganic nanocrystals, comprising linearly stacked ZnSe, CdS, and Pt domains, which jointly promote photoinduced charge separation. These structures are used in aqueous solutions for the photocatalysis of water under solar radiation, resulting in the production of H2 gas. To enhance the photoinduced separation of charges, a nanorod morphology with a linear gradient originating from an intrinsic electric field is used5. The inter-domain energetics are then optimized to drive photogenerated electrons toward the Pt catalytic site while expelling the holes to the surface of ZnSe domains for sacrificial regeneration (via methanol). Here we show that the only efficient way to produce hydrogen is to use electron-donating ligands to passivate the surface states by tuning the energy level alignment at the semiconductor-ligand interface. Stable and efficient reduction of water is allowed by these ligands due to the fact that they fill vacancies in the valence band of the semiconductor domain, preventing energetic holes from degrading it. Specifically, we show that the energy of the hole is transferred to the ligand moiety, leaving the semiconductor domain functional. This enables us to return the entire nanocrystal-ligand system to a functional state, when the ligands are degraded, by simply adding fresh ligands to the system4.
To promote a photovoltaic charge separation, we use a composite two-layer solid of PbS and TiO2 films. In this configuration, photoinduced electrons are injected into TiO2 and are subsequently picked up by an FTO electrode, while holes are channeled to a Au electrode via PbS layer6. To develop the latter we introduce a Semiconductor Matrix Encapsulated Nanocrystal Arrays (SMENA) strategy, which allows bonding PbS NCs into the surrounding matrix of CdS semiconductor. As a result, fabricated solids exhibit excellent thermal stability, attributed to the heteroepitaxial structure of nanocrystal-matrix interfaces, and show compelling light-harvesting performance in prototype solar cells7.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids at JoVE.com

Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids

आरोप अलग अर्धचालक nanocrystal सौर ऊर्जा उत्पादन के लिए deployable कंपोजिट के विकास के लिए एक सामान्य रणनीति प्रस्तुत किया है. हम एक nanoparticle ज्यामिति में दाता स्वीकर्ता nanocrystal डोमेन के कि विधानसभा एक photocatalytic समारोह को जन्म देता है, जबकि दाता स्वीकर्ता nanocrystal फिल्मों के थोक heterojunctions फोटोवोल्टिक ऊर्जा रूपांतरण के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है.

आरोप अलग Nanocrystals और उनके ठोस साधन के द्वारा सौर ऊर्जा संचयन

Conjoining different semiconductor materials in a single nano-composite provides synthetic means for the development of novel optoelectronic materials ...

Research

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Engineering

Fabrication of Nano-engineered Transparent Conducting Oxides by Pulsed Laser Deposition

निर्माण की स्पंदित लेजर बयान से पारदर्शी आयोजन ऑक्साइड नैनो इंजीनियर

Nanosecond Pulsed  Laser Deposition (PLD) in the presence of a background gas allows the deposition  of metal oxides with tunable morphology, structure, ...

Making Record-efficiency SnS Solar Cells by Thermal Evaporation and Atomic Layer Deposition

थर्मल वाष्पीकरण और परमाणु परत बयान से रिकॉर्ड दक्षता एसएनएस सौर कोशिकाओं बनाने

Tin sulfide (SnS) is a candidate absorber material for Earth-abundant, non-toxic solar cells. SnS offers easy phase control and rapid growth by congruent ...

Integration of Light Trapping Silver Nanostructures in Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Transfer Printing

अंतरण मुद्रण द्वारा हाइड्रोजनीकृत माइक्रोक्रिस्टलाइन सिलिकॉन सौर कोशिकाओं में प्रकाश को फँसाने रजत Nanostructures की एकता

One of the potential applications of metal nanostructures is light trapping in solar cells, where unique optical properties of nanosized metals, commonly ...

Quantitative Hardness Measurement by Instrumented AFM-indentation

Instrumented AFM खरोज से मात्रात्मक कठोरता माप

In this work, a combination of amplitude-modulated non-contact atomic force microscopy and atomic force spectroscopy is applied for instrumented hardness ...

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

सीएच की Monovalent कटियन डोपिंग<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; PBI<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; कुशल perovskite सौर कोशिकाओं के लिए

Here, we demonstrate the incorporation of monovalent cation additives into CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite in order to adjust the optical, excitonic, and electrical ...

High Temperature Fabrication of Nanostructured Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia (YSZ) Scaffolds by In Situ Carbon Templating Xerogels

High Temperature Fabrication of Nanostructured Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia YSZ Scaffolds by In Situ Carbon Templating Xerogels

द्वारा Nanostructured yttria स्थिर-YSZ (zirconia) scaffolds के उच्च तापमान निर्माण<em&gt; सीटू</em&gt; कार्बन Templating xerogels

We demonstrate a method for the high temperature fabrication of porous, nanostructured yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ, 8 mol% yttria - 92 mol% zirconia) ...

Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells

अच्छी तरह से गठबंधन खड़ी उंमुख जिंग Nanorod arrays और उल्टे छोटे अणु सौर कोशिकाओं में उनके आवेदन

This manuscript describes how to design and fabricate efficient inverted solar cells, which are based on a two-dimensional conjugated small molecule ...

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass (ADG) Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

इनडोर प्रायोगिक मूल्यांकन की दक्षता और विकिरण स्पॉट Achromatic नक़ल ग्लास पर (ADG) Fresnel लेंस के लिए ध्यान केंद्रित Photovoltaics के लिए

We present a method to characterize achromatic Fresnel lenses for photovoltaic applications. The achromatic doublet on glass (ADG) Fresnel lens is ...

An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter

गोल्ड नैनोकणों-एम्बेडेड झिल्ली फिल्टर का उपयोग करके रेडियोधर्मी आयोडीन ॠणायन के चुनिंदा विलवणीकरण के लिए एक कुशल विधि

Here, we demonstrate a detail protocol for the preparation of nanomaterials-embedded composite membranes and its application to the efficient and ...

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

उच्च निष्पादन गैप/Si Heterojunction सौर कोशिकाओं का विकास

To improve the efficiency of Si-based solar cells beyond their Shockley-Queisser limit, the optimal path is to integrate them with III-V-based solar ...