Name: an in vitro preparation for eliciting and recording feeding motor programs with physiological movements in aplysia californica
Uploaded: 2012-12-05T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An In Vitro Preparation for Eliciting and Recording Feeding Motor Programs with Physiological Movements in Aplysia californica Video at JoVE.com

Bu araştırma NIH hibe NS047073 ve NSF hibe DMS1010434 tarafından desteklenmiştir.

1. Çözeltilerin Hazırlanması <ol><li> Hayvanlar tutulduğu, tuzlu su (~ 1.000 millosmolar) ile izotonik magnezyum klorür çözeltisi hazırlamak için, istenen cilt seviyesinde büyük bir sürahi işaret eder. Bu seviyenin yaklaşık% 80 saf su ile testi doldurun, ve son hacmi 333 mM çözüm oluşturmak için magnezyum klorür hekzahidrat uygun miktarda tarttın. Sürahi magnezyum klorür ilave edin, kapağını kapatın ve magnezyum klorür tamamen eriyene kadar kuvvetlice çalkalanır, sonra son hacim ulaşı...

<ol>
	<li>Neustadter, D. M., Herman, R. L., Drushel, R. F., Chestek, D. W., Chiel, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+kinematics+of+multifunctionality:+comparisons+of+biting+and+swallowing+in+Aplysia+californica.">The kinematics of multifunctionality: comparisons of biting and swallowing in Aplysia californica.</a> J. Exp. Biol. 210, 238-260 (2007).</li><li>Morton, D. W., Chiel, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+buccal+nerve+activity+that+distinguishes+ingestion+from+rejection+can+be+used+to+predict+behavioral+transitions+in+Aplysia.">In vivo buccal nerve activity that distinguishes ingestion from rejection can be used to predict behavioral transitions in Aplysia.</a> J. Comp. Physiol. A. 172, 17-32 (1993).</li><li>Hurwitz, I., Neustadter, D., Morton, D. 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E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+diverse+neuropeptide+cotransmitters+by+identified+motor+neurons+in+Aplysia.">Expression of diverse neuropeptide cotransmitters by identified motor neurons in Aplysia.</a> J. Neurosci. 11, 618-625 (1991).</li><li>Church, P. J., Lloyd, P. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activity+of+multiple+identified+motor+neurons+recorded+intracellularly+during+evoked+feedinglike+motor+programs+in+Aplysia.">Activity of multiple identified motor neurons recorded intracellularly during evoked feedinglike motor programs in Aplysia.</a> J. Neurophys. 72, 1794-1809 (1994).</li><li>Nargeot, R. N., Baxter, D. A., Byrne, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contingent-dependent+enhancement+of+rhythmic+motor+patterns:+an+in+vitro+analog+of+operant+conditioning.">Contingent-dependent enhancement of rhythmic motor patterns: an in vitro analog of operant conditioning.</a> J. Neurosci. 17, 8093-8105 (1997).</li><li>Kandel, E. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Behavioral biology of Aplysia. , (1979).</li><li>Scott, M. L., Govind, C. K., Kirk, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuromuscular+organization+of+the+buccal+system+in+Aplysia+californica.">Neuromuscular organization of the buccal system in Aplysia californica.</a> J. Comp. Neurol. 312, 207-222 (1991).</li><li>Susswein, A. J., Rosen, S. C., Gapon, S., Kupfermann, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+buccal+motor+programs+elicited+by+a+cholinergic+agonist+applied+to+the+cerebral+ganglion+of+Aplysia+californica.">Characterization of buccal motor programs elicited by a cholinergic agonist applied to the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia californica.</a> J. Comp. Physiol. A. 179, 509-524 (1996).</li><li>Kupfermann, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feeding+behavior+in+Aplysia:+A+simple+system+for+the+study+of+motivation.">Feeding behavior in Aplysia: A simple system for the study of motivation.</a> Behav. Biol. 10, 1-26 (1974).</li><li>Morton, D. W., Chiel, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+timing+of+activity+in+motor+neurons+that+produce+radula+movements+distinguishes+ingestion+from+rejection+in+Aplysia.">The timing of activity in motor neurons that produce radula movements distinguishes ingestion from rejection in Aplysia.</a> J. Comp. Physiol. A. 173, 519-536 (1993).</li><li>Weiss, K. R., Chiel, H. J., Koch, U., Kupfermann, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activity+of+an+identified+histaminergic+neuron,+and+its+possible+role+in+arousal+of+feeding+behavior+in+semi-intact+Aplysia.">Activity of an identified histaminergic neuron, and its possible role in arousal of feeding behavior in semi-intact Aplysia.</a> J. Neurosci. 6, 2403-2415 (1986).</li><li>Jing, J., Weiss, K. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+variants+of+a+motor+act+in+a+modular+and+hierarchical+motor+network.">Generation of variants of a motor act in a modular and hierarchical motor network.</a> Curr. Biol. 15, 1712-1721 (2005).</li><li>Jing, J., Weiss, K. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+mechanisms+of+motor+program+switching+in+Aplysia.">Neural mechanisms of motor program switching in Aplysia.</a> J. Neurosci. 21, 7349-7362 (2001).</li><li>Morgan, P. T., Jing, J., Vilim, F. S., Weiss, K. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interneuronal+and+peptidergic+control+of+motor+pattern+switching+in+Aplysia.">Interneuronal and peptidergic control of motor pattern switching in Aplysia.</a> J. Neurophysiol. 87, 49-61 (2002).</li><li>Jing, J., Cropper, E. C., Hurwitz, I., Weiss, K. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+construction+of+movement+with+behavior-specific+and+behavior-independent+modules.">The construction of movement with behavior-specific and behavior-independent modules.</a> J. Neurosci. 24, 6315-6325 (2004).</li></ol>

Önceki iş sağlam hayvan ve tür izole ganglionlar azaltılmış hazırlıklarda, Aplysia&#39;nın motorlu programları karakterize etmiştir. Bireysel nöronların kayıtları 5 elde edilmiş olmasına rağmen sağlam hayvan olarak, bu tür deneyler çok zordur, ve elektrotlar beslenme sırasında nörona nörondan taşınamaz. Izole ganglionlar, sinir aktivitesi tarafından indüklenen beslenme hareketleri izlenememektedir. Askıya bukkal kitle hazırlanması bu iki uç arasındaki boşluğu kapa...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S671</td>
			<td>Biological, Certified</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P217</td>
			<td>Certified ACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td>Acros Organics</td>
			<td>19753</td>
			<td>99%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>M63</td>
			<td>Certified ACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium chloride dihydrate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientifc</td>
			<td>C79</td>
			<td>Certified ACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glucose (dextrose)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7528</td>
			<td>BioXtra</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MOPS buffer</td>
			<td>Acros Organics</td>
			<td>17263</td>
			<td>99%</td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Carbachol</td>
			<td>Acros Organics</td>
			<td>10824</td>
			<td>99%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>SS255</td>
			<td>Certified</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>SA49</td>
			<td>Certified</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single-barreled capillary glass</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>6150</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flaming-Brown micropipette puller model P-80/PC</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Filament used: FT345B</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Enamel coated stainless steel wire</td>
			<td>California Fine Wire</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>0.001D, coating h</td>
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			<td>Household Silicone II Glue</td>
			<td>GE</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
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			<td>Duro Quick-Gel superglue</td>
			<td>Henkel corp.</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>A-M Systems model 1700 amplifier</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Filter settings: 300-500 Hz nerves,10-500 Hz I2 muscle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pulsemaster Multi-Channel Stimulator</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>A300</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stimulus Isolator</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>A360</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AxoGraph X</td>
			<td>AxoGraph Scientific</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Veeder-Root Totalizing Counter</td>
			<td>Danaher</td>
			<td>C342-0562</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold Connector Pins</td>
			<td>Bulgin</td>
			<td>SA3148/1</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold Connector Sockets</td>
			<td>Bulgin</td>
			<td>SA3149/1</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sylgard 184 Silicone Elastomer</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 x 50 mm Crystalizing Dish</td>
			<td>Pyrex</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High Vacuum Grease</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet Tips</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>21-375D</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Minutien Pins</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>26002-10</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Modeling Clay</td>
			<td>Sargent Art</td>
			<td>22-4400</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silk Sutures</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>K89OH</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Whisper Air Pump</td>
			<td>Tetra</td>
			<td>77849</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aquarium Tubing</td>
			<td>Eheim</td>
			<td>7783</td>
			<td>12/16 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Elite Airstone</td>
			<td>Hagen</td>
			<td>A962</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vannas Spring Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15000-08</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5 Fine Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11254-20</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yaki Sushi Nori Seaweed</td>
			<td>Rhee Bros</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kimwipes</td>
			<td>Kimberly-Clark</td>
			<td>34155</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an in vitro preparation for eliciting and recording feeding motor programs with physiological movements in aplysia californica

Işlevliliği, birden çok, farklı davranışlar 1 oluşturmak için bir periferik yapının özelliği, hayvanlar hızla değişen çevresel davranışlarını uyum sağlar. Deniz yumuşakça Aplysia&#39;nın californica multifunctionality çalışma için uysal sistemi sağlar. Besleme sırasında, Aplysia aynı besleme aygıtı, bukkal kütle kullanılarak davranış birkaç farklı türde oluşturur. Bu davranışları kontrol eden ganglionlar elektrofizyolojik çalışma için erişilebilir büyük, tespit nöronların bir dizi içerir. Bu nöronların aktivitesi sinirsel faaliyet için gıda grasper göreli kapatan sinirsel faaliyet ve zamanlama bağlı olarak iki tip ingestive ve egestive programları, ayrılabilir motorlu programları tarif edilmiştir ki uzattığını ya da geri çekilir grasper 2. Ancak izole ganglionlar, bu davranışlar üretecektir kas hareketleri yapma, bulunmadığınasert vivo, sinir ve kas kayıtlarında programları 2,3,4 beslenme karşılık elde edilmiştir. gözlenen motor programları gerçek davranışları bağıntılarını olup olmadığını emin olmak, ancak bunu doğrudan 5 bireysel nöronların kaydetmek çok zor olduğu. Buna ek olarak, in vivo olarak, ingestive programların daha fazla ısırma ve yutar 1,2, en önceden anlatılan in vitro müstahzarlar olarak yapmak zor olan bir ayrım ayrılabilir. Askıya bukkal kütle hazırlama (Şekil 1) izole ganglia ve sağlam hayvanlar arasındaki boşluğu kapatıyor. Bu hazırlık, ingestive davranışlar - ısırma ve yutma de dahil olmak üzere - bireysel nöronların kaydedilen ve ekstrasellüler elektrotlar 6 ile stimüle edilebilir olarak ve egestive davranışlar (red), aynı zamanda da gözlemlenebilir. Bu farklı davranışlarla ilişkili beslenme hareketleri recor olabilirded, ölçülebilir, ve motor programları ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Askıya bukkal kitle hazırlanmasında motoru programları Motor programları izole ganglionlar elicited olandan in vivo gözlenen daha benzer olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu hazırlama, motor programların daha direkt olarak in vivo davranış ile ilgili olabilir, aynı zamanda, bireysel nöronların bozulmamış hayvanlarda daha kayıt ve uyarma için daha erişilebilir. Bunun yanında izole ganglia ve sağlam hayvanlar arasında bir ara adım, askıya bukkal kitle bulguları daha az ve daha sağlam hem ortamlarda elde edilen verileri yorumlamada yardımcı olabilir. Askıya bukkal kütle hazırlama Aplysia&#39;nın içinde multifunctionality nöral kontrolü tanımlamak için yararlı bir araçtır.

When an extracellular electrode is positioned above a neuron's soma and used to stimulate the neuron, a one-for-one correspondence between spikes on the soma channel and on the nerve(s) the neuron projects to can be observed (Figure 6, left panel, stimulation of identified neuron B9). The soma channel (top channel) is set to stimulating mode when the current is applied (time 1 in the figure), and is then quickly switched to recording mode (time 2). By maintaining the position of the electrode, the...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An In Vitro Preparation for Eliciting and Recording Feeding Motor Programs with Physiological Movements in Aplysia californica Video at JoVE.com

An In Vitro Preparation for Eliciting and Recording Feeding Motor Programs with Physiological Movements in Aplysia californica Video (Video) | JoVE

Biz ekstraselüler kayıt ve sinirler, kaslar ve bireysel tespit nöronlardan uyarmak için bir teknik tarif<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Eliciting ve besleme aygıtı içinde davranışlar besleme farklı gözleyerek<em&gt; Aplysia&#39;nın</em&gt;.

An<em&gt; In Vitro</emFizyolojik Hareketleri Besleme Motor Programlar ortaya çıkartılması ve kayıt için&gt; Hazırlık<em&gt; Aplysia&#39;nın californica</em

Multifunctionality, the ability of one peripheral  structure to generate multiple, distinct behaviors1, allows animals  to rapidly adapt their behaviors ...

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Neuroscience

An In Vitro Preparation for Eliciting and Recording Feeding Motor Programs with Physiological Movements in Aplysia californica

Electrode Fabrication and Implantation in Aplysia californica for Multi-channel Neural and Muscular Recordings in Intact, Freely Behaving Animals

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Elektrot İmalat ve İmplantasyon Aplysia californica Bozulmamış, Serbestçe Behaving Hayvanlar Çok kanallı Sinir ve Kas Kayıtlar

Recording from key nerves and muscles of Aplysia during feeding behavior allows us to study the patterns of neural control in an intact animal.  ...

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Gelişmekte olan Zebra balığı önbeyin klonal olarak ilişkilidir Sinir Progenitör Hücreler Zaman atlamalı Canlı Görüntüleme

Precise patterns of division, migration and differentiation of neural progenitor cells are crucial for proper brain development and function1,2. To ...

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The overall goal of this method is to record single-unit responses from an identified population of neurons. In vivo electrophysiological recordings from ...

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Kemirgenler Faaliyet teker Running kayıt ve Sirkadiyen Rhythms Analizi

When rodents have free access to a running wheel in their home cage, voluntary use of this wheel will depend on the time of day1-5. Nocturnal rodents, ...

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Ekstraselüler bir kas Motor Pool için motor nöronlar belirlenmesi<em&gt; Aplysia&#39;nın californica</em

In animals with large  identified neurons (e.g. mollusks), analysis of motor pools is done using  intracellular techniques1,2,3,4. Recently,  we developed ...

Isolation of Sensory Neurons of Aplysia californica for Patch Clamp Recordings of Glutamatergic Currents

Isolation of Sensory Neurons of Aplysia californica for Patch Clamp Recordings of Glutamatergic Currents Video (Video) | JoVE

Duyusal nöronlar izolasyonu<em&gt; Aplysia californica</em&gt; Glutamaterjik Akımlar Patch Kelepçe Kayıtlar için

The marine gastropod mollusk Aplysia californica has a venerable  history as a model of nervous system function, with particular significance in  studies ...

Functional Analysis of the Larval Feeding Circuit in Drosophila

Functional Analysis of the Larval Feeding Circuit in Drosophila Video (Video) | JoVE

Içinde larvaların Devre Fonksiyonel Analiz Drosophila</i

The serotonergic  feeding circuit in Drosophila  melanogaster larvae can be used to investigate neuronal substrates of  critical importance during the ...

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of Drosophila Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli In Vivo

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of Drosophila Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli In Vivo Video (Video) | JoVE

Recording Hücre içi Gerilim Yanıtları için Elektrofizyolojik Yöntem<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Işık Uyaranların için Fotoreseptörler ve internöronlar<em&gt; İn Vivo</em

Voltage responses of insect photoreceptors and visual interneurons can be accurately recorded with conventional sharp microelectrodes. The method ...

A Simple One-step Dissection Protocol for Whole-mount Preparation of Adult Drosophila Brains

A Simple One-step Dissection Protocol for Whole-mount Preparation of Adult Drosophila Brains Video (Video) | JoVE

Basit Bir adım Yetişkin Tüm montaj Hazırlama Diseksiyon Protokolü<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Brain

There is an increasing interest in using Drosophila to model human brain degenerative diseases, map neuronal circuitries in adult brains, and study the ...

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons Video (Video) | JoVE

Ürünleri ve tüm hücre yama kelepçe kayıt Xenopus laevis Tectal nöronlar için iletişim kuralları

The Xenopus tadpole retinotectal circuit, comprised of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the eye which form synapses directly onto neurons in the optic ...