Name: appetitive associative olfactory learning in drosophila larvae
Uploaded: 2013-02-18T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Appetitive Associative Olfactory Learning in Drosophila Larvae at JoVE.com

हम विशेष रूप से उनके प्रयोगात्मक सेटअप और पांडुलिपि पर टिप्पणी पर तकनीकी निर्देश के लिए Gerber प्रयोगशाला के सदस्यों का शुक्रिया अदा करना चाहता हूँ. हम भी मक्खी और जंगली प्रकार केंटन स्टॉक की देखभाल और रखरखाव के लिए Lyubov Pankevych धन्यवाद. यह काम DFG अनुदान TH1584/1-1, एसएनएफ 31003A_132812 अनुदान / 1 और Konstanz के विश्वविद्यालय के Zukunftskolleg (AST के लिए सभी) द्वारा समर्थित है.

1. तैयारी <ol><li> डिग्री सेल्सियस और 60% -80% / 10 14 प्रकाश / अंधेरे चक्र में नमी ड्रोसोफिला लार्वा जंगली प्रकार 25 में उठाए गए हैं. हमेशा 20 महिलाओं में 10 पुरुषों के साथ एक शीशी (6 सेमी ऊंचाई और 2.5 सेमी व्यास) कि मानक मक?...

<ol>
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<html> ड्रोसोफिला लार्वा में वर्णित सेटअप एक comparably प्राथमिक मस्तिष्क के भीतर साहचर्य घ्राण सीखने की जांच के लिए अनुमति देता है. दृष्टिकोण सरल, सस्ता, एक प्रयोगशाला में स्थापित करने के लिए आसान है और उच्च ...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> अभिकर्मक के नाम </td><td> कंपनी </td><td> सूचीपत्र संख्या </td><td> कैस संख्या </td></tr><tr><td> फलशर्करा </td><td> सिग्मा </td><td> 47740 </td><td> 57-48-7 </td></tr><tr><td> NaCl </td><td> Fluka </td><td> 71350 </td><td> 7647-14-5 </td></tr><tr><td> Agarose </td><td> सिग्मा </td><td> A5093 </td><td> 9012-36-6 </td></tr><tr><td> 1-octanol </td><td> सिग्मा </td><td> 12012 </td><td> 111-87-5 </td></tr><tr><td> Amylacetate </td><td> सिग्मा </td><td> 46022 </td><td> 628-63-7 </td></tr><tr><td> पैराफिन तेल </td><td> सिग्मा </td><td> 18512 </td><td> 8012-95-1 </td></tr></tbody></table>

appetitive associative olfactory learning in drosophila larvae

In the following we describe the methodological details of appetitive associative olfactory learning in Drosophila larvae. The setup, in combination with genetic interference, provides a handle to analyze the neuronal and molecular fundamentals of specifically associative learning in a simple larval brain.
Organisms can use past experience to adjust present behavior. Such acquisition of behavioral potential can be defined as learning, and the physical bases of these potentials as memory traces1-4. Neuroscientists try to understand how these processes are organized in terms of molecular and neuronal changes in the brain by using a variety of methods in model organisms ranging from insects to vertebrates5,6. For such endeavors it is helpful to use model systems that are simple and experimentally accessible. The Drosophila larva has turned out to satisfy these demands based on the availability of robust behavioral assays, the existence of a variety of transgenic techniques and the elementary organization of the nervous system comprising only about 10,000 neurons (albeit with some concessions: cognitive limitations, few behavioral options, and richness of experience questionable)7-10.
Drosophila larvae can form associations between odors and appetitive gustatory reinforcement like sugar11-14. In a standard assay, established in the lab of B. Gerber, animals receive a two-odor reciprocal training: A first group of larvae is exposed to an odor A together with a gustatory reinforcer (sugar reward) and is subsequently exposed to an odor B without reinforcement 9. Meanwhile a second group of larvae receives reciprocal training while experiencing odor A without reinforcement and subsequently being exposed to odor B with reinforcement (sugar reward). In the following both groups are tested for their preference between the two odors. Relatively higher preferences for the rewarded odor reflect associative learning - presented as a performance index (PI). The conclusion regarding the associative nature of the performance index is compelling, because apart from the contingency between odors and tastants, other parameters, such as odor and reward exposure, passage of time and handling do not differ between the two groups9.

चित्रा 1A लार्वा घ्राण साहचर्य सीखने के लिए प्रयोगात्मक प्रक्रियाओं के एक सिंहावलोकन से पता चलता है. एक चीनी इनाम लार्वा के साथ एक दो प्रस्तुत odors की जोड़ी पदक मिला नहीं गंध की तुलना में पुरस्कृत ग?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Appetitive Associative Olfactory Learning in Drosophila Larvae at JoVE.com

Appetitive Associative Olfactory Learning in Drosophila Larvae

ड्रोसोफिला लार्वा स्वाद इनाम के साथ सहयोगी गंध उत्तेजनाओं करने में सक्षम हैं. यहाँ हम एक सरल व्यवहार प्रतिमान कि क्षुधावर्धक साहचर्य घ्राण सीखने के विश्लेषण की अनुमति देता का वर्णन.

क्षुधावर्धक साहचर्य में घ्राण सीखने<em&gt; ड्रोसोफिला</em&gt; लार्वा

In the following we describe the methodological  details of appetitive associative olfactory learning in Drosophila larvae. The setup, in combination with ...

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Appetitive Associative Olfactory Learning in Drosophila Larvae

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

C. elegans Positive Butanone Learning, Short-term, and Long-term Associative Memory Assays

सी एलिगेंस सकारात्मक Butanone लर्निंग, लघु अवधि, और लंबी अवधि के साहचर्य मेमोरी Assays

The memory of experiences and learned information is critical for organisms to make choices that aid their survival. C. elegans navigates its environment ...

Assaying Locomotor, Learning, and Memory Deficits in Drosophila Models of Neurodegeneration

Assaying Locomotor, Learning, and Memory Deficits in Drosophila Models of Neurodegeneration

में परख लोकोमोटर, सीखना, और स्मृति घाटे ड्रोसोफिला Neurodegeneration के मॉडल

Advances in genetic methods have enabled the study of genes involved in human neurodegenerative diseases using Drosophila as a model system1. Most of ...

Local and Global Methods of Assessing Thermal Nociception in Drosophila Larvae

Local and Global Methods of Assessing Thermal Nociception in Drosophila Larvae

में थर्मल Nociception मूल्यांकन की स्थानीय और वैश्विक तरीके<em&gt; ड्रोसोफिला</em&gt; लार्वा

In this article, we demonstrate assays to study thermal nociception in Drosophila larvae. One assay involves spatially-restricted (local) stimulation of ...

Visualization of Proprioceptors in Drosophila Larvae and Pupae

Visualization of Proprioceptors in Drosophila Larvae and Pupae

में Proprioceptors का विज़ुअलाइज़ेशन<em&gt; ड्रोसोफिला</em&gt; लार्वा और pupae

Proprioception is the ability to sense the motion, or position, of body parts by responding to stimuli arising within the body. In fruitflies and other ...

Drosophila Adult Olfactory Shock Learning

Drosophila Adult Olfactory Shock Learning

ड्रोसोफिला वयस्क घ्राण शॉक प्रशिक्षण

Drosophila have been used in classical conditioning experiments for over 40 years, thus greatly facilitating our understanding of memory, including the ...

Light Preference Assay to Study Innate and Circadian Regulated Photobehavior in Drosophila Larvae

Light Preference Assay to Study Innate and Circadian Regulated Photobehavior in Drosophila Larvae

में सहज और Circadian नियमित Photobehavior अध्ययन करने के लिए लाइट पसंद परख<em&gt; ड्रोसोफिला</em&gt; लार्वा

Light acts as environmental signal to control animal behavior at various levels. The Drosophila larval nervous system is used as a unique model to answer ...

Whole Mount Immunolabeling of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Drosophila Antenna

Whole Mount Immunolabeling of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Drosophila Antenna

में घ्राण रिसेप्टर न्यूरॉन्स के पूरा पर्वत immunolabeling<em&gt; ड्रोसोफिला</em&gt; एंटीना

Odorant molecules bind to their target receptors in a precise and coordinated manner. Each receptor recognizes a specific signal and relays this ...

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of Drosophila Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli In Vivo

Electrophysiological Method for Recording Intracellular Voltage Responses of Drosophila Photoreceptors and Interneurons to Light Stimuli In Vivo

की प्रतिक्रिया रिकॉर्डिंग Intracellular वोल्टेज के लिए electrophysiological विधि<em&gt; ड्रोसोफिला</em&gt; फोटोरिसेप्टर और लाइट उत्तेजनाओं को इन्तेर्नयूरोंस<em&gt; Vivo</em

Voltage responses of insect photoreceptors and visual interneurons can be accurately recorded with conventional sharp microelectrodes. The method ...

Novel Assay for Cold Nociception in Drosophila Larvae

Novel Assay for Cold Nociception in Drosophila Larvae

में शीत Nociception के लिए उपन्यास परख<em&gt; ड्रोसोफिला</em&gt; लार्वा

How organisms sense and respond to noxious temperatures is still poorly understood. Further, the mechanisms underlying sensitization of the sensory ...

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

घ्राण सीखने और चूहों में भेदभाव का एक उद्देश्य और Reproducible परीक्षण

Olfaction is the predominant sensory modality in mice and influences many important behaviors, including foraging, predator detection, mating, and ...