Name: identification of olfactory volatiles using gas chromatography-multi-unit recordings (gcmr) in the insect antennal lobe
Uploaded: 2013-02-24T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings GCMR in the Insect Antennal Lobe at JoVE.com

यह काम NSF अनुदान IOS 1121692, और वॉशिंगटन रिसर्च फाउंडेशन के विश्वविद्यालय द्वारा समर्थित किया गया.

1. वाष्पशील Follection <ol><li> इस उदाहरण में, हम एम. से अस्थिर नमूने का उपयोग करें एक अल्पाइन wildflower कैलिफोर्निया के लिए देशी - lewisii फूल. वाष्पशील Riffell एट अल के अनुसार गतिशील sorption तरीकों का उपयोग कर एकत्र कर रहे है?...

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C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+representation+of+olfactory+mixtures+in+the+honeybee+antennal+lobe.">Neural representation of olfactory mixtures in the honeybee antennal lobe.</a> European Journal of Neuroscience. 24, 1161-1174 (2006).</li><li>St&#246;kl, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+deceptive+pollination+system+targeting+drosophilids+through+olfactory+mimicry+of+yeast.">A deceptive pollination system targeting drosophilids through olfactory mimicry of yeast.</a> Current Biology. 20, 1846-1852 (2010).</li><li>Schneider, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elektrophysiologische+untersuchungen+von+chemo-+und+mechanorezeptoren+der+antenne+des+seidenspinners+Bombyx+mori+L.">Elektrophysiologische untersuchungen von chemo- und mechanorezeptoren der antenne des seidenspinners Bombyx mori L.</a> Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology. 40, 8-41 (1957).</li><li>Arn, H., St&#228;dler, E., Rauscher, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+electroantennographic+detector:+a+selective+and+senstitive+tool+in+the+gas+chromatographic+analysis+of+insect+pheromones.">The electroantennographic detector: a selective and senstitive tool in the gas chromatographic analysis of insect pheromones.</a> Zeitschrift f&#252;r Naturforschung. 30c, 722-725 (1975).</li><li>Schneider, D., Boeckh, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rezeptorpotential+und+nervenimpulse+einzelner+olfaktorischer+sensillen+der+insektenantenne.">Rezeptorpotential und nervenimpulse einzelner olfaktorischer sensillen der insektenantenne.</a> Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology. 45, 405-412 (1962).</li><li>Blight, M. M., Pickett, J. A., Wadhams, L. J., Woodcock, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antennal+perception+of+oilseed+rape+Brassica+napus+(Brassicaceae)+volatiles+by+the+cabbage+seed+weevil+Ceutorhynchus+assimilis+(Coleoptera,+Curculionidae).">Antennal perception of oilseed rape Brassica napus (Brassicaceae) volatiles by the cabbage seed weevil Ceutorhynchus assimilis (Coleoptera, Curculionidae).</a> Journal of Chemical Ecology. 21, 1649-1664 (1995).</li><li>Lin, D. Y., Shea, S. D., Katz, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Representation+of+natural+stimuli+in+the+rodent+main+olfactory+bulb.">Representation of natural stimuli in the rodent main olfactory bulb.</a> Neuron. 50, 937-949 (2006).</li><li>Lei, H., Reisenman, C. E., Wilson, C. H., Gabbur, P., Hildebrand, J. 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कीट घ्राण की मध्यस्थता व्यवहार प्रजनन, मेजबान साइट चयन, और उचित भोजन संसाधनों की पहचान सहित कई विभिन्न प्रक्रियाओं, ड्राइव. इन प्रक्रियाओं के अध्ययन के लिए स्रोत है, के रूप में के रूप में अच्छी तरह से कर...

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identification of olfactory volatiles using gas chromatography-multi-unit recordings (gcmr) in the insect antennal lobe

All organisms inhabit a world full of sensory stimuli that determine their behavioral and physiological response to their environment. Olfaction is especially important in insects, which use their olfactory systems to respond to, and discriminate amongst, complex odor stimuli. These odors elicit behaviors that mediate processes such as reproduction and habitat selection1-3. Additionally, chemical sensing by insects mediates behaviors that are highly significant for agriculture and human health, including pollination4-6, herbivory of food crops7, and transmission of disease8,9. Identification of olfactory signals and their role in insect behavior is thus important for understanding both ecological processes and human food resources and well-being.
	To date, the identification of volatiles that drive insect behavior has been difficult and often tedious. Current techniques include gas chromatography-coupled electroantennogram recording (GC-EAG), and gas chromatography-coupled single sensillum recordings (GC-SSR)10-12. These techniques proved to be vital in the identification of bioactive compounds. We have developed a method that uses gas chromatography coupled to multi-channel electrophysiological recordings (termed 'GCMR') from neurons in the antennal lobe (AL; the insect's primary olfactory center)13,14. This state-of-the-art technique allows us to probe how odor information is represented in the insect brain. Moreover, because neural responses to odors at this level of olfactory processing are highly sensitive owing to the degree of convergence of the antenna's receptor neurons into AL neurons, AL recordings will allow the detection of active constituents of natural odors efficiently and with high sensitivity. Here we describe GCMR and give an example of its use.
	Several general steps are involved in the detection of bioactive volatiles and insect response. Volatiles first need to be collected from sources of interest (in this example we use flowers from the genus Mimulus (Phyrmaceae)) and characterized as needed using standard GC-MS techniques14-16. Insects are prepared for study using minimal dissection, after which a recording electrode is inserted into the antennal lobe and multi-channel neural recording begins. Post-processing of the neural data then reveals which particular odorants cause significant neural responses by the insect nervous system.
	Although the example we present here is specific to pollination studies, GCMR can be expanded to a wide range of study organisms and volatile sources. For instance, this method can be used in the identification of odorants attracting or repelling vector insects and crop pests. Moreover, GCMR can also be used to identify attractants for beneficial insects, such as pollinators. The technique may be expanded to non-insect subjects as well.

GCMR परख का उपयोग कर एम. lewisii फूलों की खुशबू है, हम जीसी में निकालने की 3 μl इंजेक्षन. जीसी के माध्यम से वाष्पशील eluting की कुल संख्या आम तौर पर 60-70 वाष्पशील. एम. की खुशबू lewisii मुख्य रूप से monoterpenoids का बना है, (अचक्र...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings GCMR in the Insect Antennal Lobe at JoVE.com

Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings GCMR in the Insect Antennal Lobe

घ्राण cues कीड़ों में कई अलग अलग व्यवहार मध्यस्थता और अक्सर जटिल अस्थिर यौगिकों के सैकड़ों के दसियों के शामिल मिश्रण हैं. कीट antennal पालि में मल्टी चैनल रिकॉर्डिंग के साथ गैस क्रोमैटोग्राफी का उपयोग करना, हम bioactive यौगिकों की पहचान के लिए एक विधि का वर्णन है.

घ्राण कीट antennal पालि में गैस क्रोमैटोग्राफी मल्टी इकाई रिकॉर्डिंग (GCMR) का उपयोग वाष्पशील की पहचान

All  organisms inhabit a world full of sensory stimuli that determine their  behavioral and physiological response to their environment. Olfaction is ...

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Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings (GCMR) in the Insect Antennal Lobe

Calcium Imaging of Odor-evoked Responses in the Drosophila Antennal Lobe

Calcium Imaging of Odor-evoked Responses in the Drosophila Antennal Lobe

गंध - पैदा प्रतिक्रियाएँ में कैल्शियम इमेजिंग ड्रोसोफिला Antennal लोब

The antennal lobe is the primary olfactory center in the insect brain and represents the anatomical and functional equivalent of the vertebrate olfactory ...

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals

माउस घ्राण बल्ब में इमेजिंग - गंध पैदा क्रियाएँ ऑप्टिकल reflectance और Autofluorescence सिग्नल का प्रयोग

In the brain, sensory stimulation activates distributed populations of neurons among functional modules which participate to the coding of the stimulus. ...

Odorant-induced Responses Recorded from Olfactory Receptor Neurons using the Suction Pipette Technique

Odorant प्रेरित घ्राण रिसेप्टर न्यूरॉन्स से सक्शन पिपेट तकनीक का उपयोग करते हुए रिकॉर्ड प्रतिक्रियाएँ

Animals sample the odorous environment around them through the chemosensory systems located in the nasal cavity. Chemosensory signals affect complex ...

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तीव्र hippocampal स्लाइस में Synaptically पैदा Astroglial और neuronal प्रतिक्रियाएँ की दोहरी electrophysiological रिकॉर्डिंग

Astrocytes form together with neurons tripartite synapses, where they integrate and modulate neuronal activity. Indeed, astrocytes sense neuronal inputs ...

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust (Schistocerca Americana) Olfactory Circuits

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बहु इकाई रिकॉर्डिंग Locust में तंत्रिका गतिविधि विशेषताएँ तरीके (<em&gt; Schistocerca Americana</em&gt;) घ्राण सर्किट

Detection and interpretation of olfactory cues are critical for the survival  of many organisms. Remarkably, species across phyla have strikingly similar ...

Using Insect Electroantennogram Sensors on Autonomous Robots for Olfactory Searches

घ्राण खोजों के लिए स्वायत्त रोबोटों पर कीट Electroantennogram सेंसर का उपयोग

Robots designed to track chemical leaks in hazardous industrial facilities1 or explosive traces in landmine fields2 face the same problem as insects ...

Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb

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The mouse accessory olfactory system (AOS) is a specialized sensory pathway for detecting nonvolatile social odors, pheromones, and kairomones. The first ...

Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings

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से एक कीट मॉडल में फोटोरिसेप्टर सेल स्पेक्ट्रल संवेदनशीलता का निर्धारण<em&gt; Vivo</em&gt; Intracellular रिकॉर्डिंग

Intracellular recording is a powerful technique used to determine how a single cell may respond to a given stimulus. In vision research, intracellular ...

Insect-controlled Robot: A Mobile Robot Platform to Evaluate the Odor-tracking Capability of an Insect

कीट-नियंत्रित रोबोट: एक मोबाइल रोबोट मंच एक कीट की गंध-ट्रैकिंग क्षमता का मूल्यांकन करने के लिए

Robotic odor source localization has been a challenging area and one to which biological knowledge has been expected to contribute, as finding odor ...

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

घृणित संवेदी अक्षीय आण्विक पहचान संहिताओं के विज़ुअलाइज़ेशन के लिए घ्राण बल्ब का चौगुनी immunostaining

The mouse olfactory system is often used to study mechanisms of neural circuit formation&#12288;because of its simple anatomical structure. An Olfactory ...