Name: the insect galleria mellonella as a powerful infection model to investigate bacterial pathogenesis
Uploaded: 2012-12-11T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis at JoVE.com

Мы хотели бы поблагодарить Элизабет Guillemet, Кристоф Buisson и Людовик Bridoux за отличную техническую помощь. Мы в большом долгу перед Сильви Salamitou и Синда Fedhila для начальной настройки системы.

1. Разведение насекомых Весь цикл от яйца до личинки последнего возраста длится около 5 недель при температуре 25 ° C. Один или 2 дополнительных недель, необходимых для получения взрослых бабочек. <ol><li> Разместите по меньшей мере 100 куколок или вновь объединились для взросл...

<ol>
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Immunol. 25, 697-743 (2007).</li><li>Vodovar, N., Acosta, C., Lemaitre, B., Boccard, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drosophila:+a+polyvalent+model+to+decipher+host-pathogen+interactions.">Drosophila: a polyvalent model to decipher host-pathogen interactions.</a> Trends Microbiol. 12, 235-242 (2004).</li><li>Dalhammar, G., Steiner, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+inhibitor+A,+a+protease+from+Bacillus+thuringiensis+which+degrades+attacins+and+cecropins,+two+classes+of+antibacterial+proteins+in+insects.">Characterization of inhibitor A, a protease from Bacillus thuringiensis which degrades attacins and cecropins, two classes of antibacterial proteins in insects.</a> Eur. J. Biochem. 139, 247-252 (1984).</li><li>Jander, G., Rahme, L. G., Ausubel, F. 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S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serological+responses+of+insects.">Serological responses of insects.</a> Fed. Proc. 26, 1675-1679 (1967).</li><li>Chadwick, J. S., Caldwell, S. S., Chadwick, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adherence+patterns+and+virulence+for+Galleria+mellonella+larvae+of+isolates+of+Serratia+marcescens.">Adherence patterns and virulence for Galleria mellonella larvae of isolates of Serratia marcescens.</a> J. Invertebr. Pathol. 55, 133-134 (1990).</li><li>Gao, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two+novel+point+mutations+in+clinical+Staphylococcus+aureus+reduce+linezolid+susceptibility+and+switch+on+the+stringent+response+to+promote+persistent+infection.">Two novel point mutations in clinical Staphylococcus aureus reduce linezolid susceptibility and switch on the stringent response to promote persistent infection.</a> PLoS Pathog. 6, e1000944 (2010).</li><li>Peleg, A. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+susceptibility+to+vancomycin+influences+pathogenicity+in+Staphylococcus+aureus+infection.">Reduced susceptibility to vancomycin influences pathogenicity in Staphylococcus aureus infection.</a> J. Infect. Dis. 199, 532-536 (2009).</li><li>Salamitou, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+plcR+regulon+is+involved+in+the+opportunistic+properties+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+and+Bacillus+cereus+in+mice+and+insects.">The plcR regulon is involved in the opportunistic properties of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus cereus in mice and insects.</a> Microbiology. 146, 2825-2832 (2000).</li><li>Cadot, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=InhA1,+NprA+and+HlyII+as+candidates+to+differentiate+pathogenic+from+non-pathogenic+Bacillus+cereus+strains.">InhA1, NprA and HlyII as candidates to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic Bacillus cereus strains.</a> J. Clin. Microbiol. 48, 1358-1365 (2010).</li><li>Rejasse, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature-dependent+production+of+various+PlcR-controlled+virulence+factors+in+Bacillus+weihenstephanensis+strain+KBAB4.">Temperature-dependent production of various PlcR-controlled virulence factors in Bacillus weihenstephanensis strain KBAB4.</a> Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78, 2553-2557 (2012).</li><li>Jones, R. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photorhabdus+adhesion+modification+protein+(Pam)+binds+extracellular+polysaccharide+and+alters+bacterial+attachment.">Photorhabdus adhesion modification protein (Pam) binds extracellular polysaccharide and alters bacterial attachment.</a> BMC Microbiol. 10, 141 (2010).</li><li>Finney, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Probit analysis. , (1971).</li><li>Fedhila, S., Nel, P., Lereclus, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+InhA2+metalloprotease+of+Bacillus+thuringiensis+strain+407+is+required+for+pathogenicity+in+insects+infected+via+the+oral+route.">The InhA2 metalloprotease of Bacillus thuringiensis strain 407 is required for pathogenicity in insects infected via the oral route.</a> J. Bacteriol. 184, 3296-3304 (2002).</li><li>Guillemet, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+InhA+metalloproteases+of+Bacillus+cereus+contribute+concomitantly+to+virulence.">The InhA metalloproteases of Bacillus cereus contribute concomitantly to virulence.</a> J. Bacteriol. 192, 286-294 (2010).</li><li>Nielsen-LeRoux, C., Gaudriault, S., Ramarao, N., Lereclus, D., Givaudan, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=How+the+insect+pathogen+bacteria+Bacillus+thuringiensis+and+Xenorhabdus/Photorhabdus+occupy+their+hosts.">How the insect pathogen bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis and Xenorhabdus/Photorhabdus occupy their hosts.</a> Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 15, 1-12 (2012).</li><li>Bottone, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacillus+cereus,+a+volatile+human+pathogen.">Bacillus cereus, a volatile human pathogen.</a> Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 23, 382-398 (2010).</li><li>Stenfors Arnesen, L., Fagerlund, A., Granum, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+soil+to+gut:+Bacillus+cereus+and+its+food+poisoning+toxins.">From soil to gut: Bacillus cereus and its food poisoning toxins.</a> FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 32, 579-606 (2008).</li><li>Lecadet, M., Blondel, M. O., Ribier, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generalized+transduction+in+Bacillus+thuringiensis+var.+berliner+1715,+using+bacteriophage+CP54.">Generalized transduction in Bacillus thuringiensis var. berliner 1715, using bacteriophage CP54.</a> Ber. J. Gen. Microbiol. 121, 203-212 (1980).</li><li>Sanchis, V., Agaisse, H., Chaufaux, J., Lereclus, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Construction+of+new+insecticidal+Bacillus+thuringiensis+recombinant+strains+by+using+the+sporulation+non-dependent+expression+system+of+cryIIIA+and+a+site+specific+recombination+vector.">Construction of new insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis recombinant strains by using the sporulation non-dependent expression system of cryIIIA and a site specific recombination vector.</a> J. Biotechnol. 48, 81-96 (1996).</li><li>Tran, S. L., Guillemet, E., Gohar, M., Lereclus, D., Ramarao, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CwpFM+(EntFM)+is+a+Bacillus+cereus+potential+cell+wall+peptidase+implicated+in+adhesion,+biofilm+formation+and+virulence.">CwpFM (EntFM) is a Bacillus cereus potential cell wall peptidase implicated in adhesion, biofilm formation and virulence.</a> J. Bacteriol. 192, 2638-2642 (2010).</li><li>Tran, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemolysin+II+is+a+Bacillus+cereus+virulence+factor+that+induces+apoptosis+of+macrophages.">Hemolysin II is a Bacillus cereus virulence factor that induces apoptosis of macrophages.</a> Cell Microbiol. 13, 92-108 (2011).</li><li>Fedhila, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+analysis+of+the+virulence+of+invertebrate+and+mammalian+pathogenic+bacteria+in+the+oral+insect+infection+model+Galleria+mellonella.">Comparative analysis of the virulence of invertebrate and mammalian pathogenic bacteria in the oral insect infection model Galleria mellonella.</a> J. Invertebr. Pathol. 103, 24-29 (2010).</li><li>Daou, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IlsA,+a+unique+surface+protein+of+Bacillus+cereus+required+for+iron+acquisition+from+heme,+hemoglobin+and+ferritin.">IlsA, a unique surface protein of Bacillus cereus required for iron acquisition from heme, hemoglobin and ferritin.</a> PLoS Pathog. 5, e1000675 (2009).</li><li>Mason, K. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+commensal+to+pathogen:+translocation+of+Enterococcus+faecalis+from+the+midgut+to+the+hemocoel+of+Manduca+sexta.">From commensal to pathogen: translocation of Enterococcus faecalis from the midgut to the hemocoel of Manduca sexta.</a> MBio. 2, e00065-00011 (2011).</li><li>Goldsmith, M. R., Shimada, T., Abe, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+genetics+and+genomics+of+the+silkworm,+Bombyx+mori.">The genetics and genomics of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.</a> Annu. Rev. Entomol. 50, 71-100 (2005).</li><li>Fraser, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insect+transgenesis:+current+applications+and+future+prospects.">Insect transgenesis: current applications and future prospects.</a> Annu. Rev. Entomol. 57, 267-289 (2012).</li></ol>

Использование насекомых и особенно в личиночной стадии, так как инфекция моделей для нескольких патогенов, становятся частыми. Модель выбора для некоторых аспектов Drosophila (Fly Model), используемая как взрослых, так и личиночные 1,2 сцене. Чешуекрылых насекомых G. mellonella также бы...

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the insect galleria mellonella as a powerful infection model to investigate bacterial pathogenesis

The study of bacterial virulence often requires a suitable animal model. Mammalian models of infection are costly and may raise ethical issues. The use of insects as infection models provides a valuable alternative. Compared to other non-vertebrate model hosts such as nematodes, insects have a relatively advanced system of antimicrobial defenses and are thus more likely to produce information relevant to the mammalian infection process. Like mammals, insects possess a complex innate immune system1. Cells in the hemolymph are capable of phagocytosing or encapsulating microbial invaders, and humoral responses include the inducible production of lysozyme and small antibacterial peptides2,3. In addition, analogies are found between the epithelial cells of insect larval midguts and intestinal cells of mammalian digestive systems. Finally, several basic components essential for the bacterial infection process such as cell adhesion, resistance to antimicrobial peptides, tissue degradation and adaptation to oxidative stress are likely to be important in both insects and mammals1. Thus, insects are polyvalent tools for the identification and characterization of microbial virulence factors involved in mammalian infections.
Larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella have been shown to provide a useful insight into the pathogenesis of a wide range of microbial infections including mammalian fungal (Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans) and bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes or Enterococcus faecalis4-7. Regardless of the bacterial species, results obtained with Galleria larvae infected by direct injection through the cuticle consistently correlate with those of similar mammalian studies: bacterial strains that are attenuated in mammalian models demonstrate lower virulence in Galleria, and strains causing severe human infections are also highly virulent in the Galleria model8-11. Oral infection of Galleria is much less used and additional compounds, like specific toxins, are needed to reach mortality.
G. mellonella larvae present several technical advantages: they are relatively large (last instar larvae before pupation are about 2 cm long and weight 250 mg), thus enabling the injection of defined doses of bacteria; they can be reared at various temperatures (20 &deg;C to 30 &deg;C) and infection studies can be conducted between 15 &deg;C to above 37 &deg;C12,13, allowing experiments that mimic a mammalian environment. In addition, insect rearing is easy and relatively cheap. Infection of the larvae allows monitoring bacterial virulence by several means, including calculation of LD5014, measurement of bacterial survival15,16 and examination of the infection process17. Here, we describe the rearing of the insects, covering all life stages of G. mellonella. We provide a detailed protocol of infection by two routes of inoculation: oral and intra haemocoelic. The bacterial model used in this protocol is Bacillus cereus, a Gram positive pathogen implicated in gastrointestinal as well as in other severe local or systemic opportunistic infections18,19.

Внутри haemocoelic введения бактерий в G. mellonella была доказана очень полезны для идентификации многих факторов вирулентности дело с повреждением тканей и устойчивость к врожденной иммунной факторов несколько человеческих патогенов. Например, фигура 2А представляет насекомых ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis at JoVE.com

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis

Устные и внутри haemocolic заражения личинок восковой моли больше<em&gt; Galleria mellonella</em&gt; Описано. Это насекомое может быть использована для изучения факторов вирулентности энтомопатогенных, а также млекопитающих патогенных бактерий. Разведение насекомых, способы заражения и примеры<em&gt; В естественных условиях</em&gt; Анализ описаны.

Насекомые<em&gt; Galleria mellonella</em&gt; Как мощная модель инфекции по расследованию бактериального патогенеза

The study of bacterial virulence often requires a suitable animal model. Mammalian models of infection are costly and may raise ethical issues. The use of ...

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Immunology and Infection

The Insect Galleria mellonella as a Powerful Infection Model to Investigate Bacterial Pathogenesis

In vitro Biofilm Formation in an 8-well Chamber Slide

In vitro Biofilm Formation in an 8-well Chamber Slide

В пробирке образование биопленки в 8-и палаты слайдов

The chronic nature of many diseases is attributed to the formation of bacterial biofilms which are recalcitrant to traditional antibiotic therapy. ...

Using Luciferase to Image Bacterial Infections in Mice

Использование люциферазы в Изображение Бактериальные инфекции у мышей

Imaging is a valuable technique that can be used to monitor biological processes.  In particular, the presence of cancer cells, stem cells, specific ...

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Представляем напряжения сдвига в изучении бактериальной адгезии

During bacterial infections a sequence of interactions occur between the pathogen and its host. Bacterial adhesion to the host cell surface is often the ...

Saliva, Salivary Gland, and Hemolymph Collection from Ixodes scapularis Ticks

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Слюна, слюнные железы, и гемолимфы Коллекция от иксодовых клещей Scapularis

Ticks are found worldwide and afflict humans with many tick-borne illnesses. Ticks are vectors for pathogens that cause Lyme disease and tick-borne ...

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Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are molecular  nanomachines allowing Gram-negative bacteria to transport and inject proteins  into a wide variety of ...

Use of Galleria mellonella as a Model Organism to Study Legionella pneumophila Infection

Use of Galleria mellonella as a Model Organism to Study Legionella pneumophila Infection

Использование<em&gt; Галерея MELLONELLA</em&gt; В качестве модельного организма по изучению<em&gt; Легионелл</em&gt; Инфекция

Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of a severe pneumonia named Legionnaires&#39; disease, is an important human pathogen that infects and ...

Imaging InlC Secretion to Investigate Cellular Infection by the Bacterial Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes

Imaging InlC Secretion to Investigate Cellular Infection by the Bacterial Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes

Визуализация InlC секрецию по расследованию сотовой инфекции по бактериальным патогеном<em&gt; листерий</em

Bacterial intracellular  pathogens can be conceived as molecular tools to dissect cellular signaling  cascades due to their capacity to exquisitely ...

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Данио рерио в качестве модели для оценки тератогенных потенциал Нитрит

High nitrate levels in the environment may&#160;result in congenital defects or miscarriages in humans. Presumably, this is due to the conversion of ...

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Мадагаскар шипящий таракан как альтернативную модель не млекопитающих животных расследовать вирулентности, патогенез и эффективность препарата

Many aspects of innate immunity are conserved between mammals and insects. An insect, the Madagascar hissing cockroach from the genus Gromphadorhina, can ...

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An Ex Vivo Chicken Primary Bursal-cell Culture Model to Study Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Pathogenesis

Ex Vivo курица первичной Bursal клеточной культуры модель для изучения патогенеза вирус инфекционного Bursal

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a birnavirus of economic importance to the poultry industry. The virus infects B cells, causing morbidity, ...