Name: preparation of tumor antigen-loaded mature dendritic cells for immunotherapy
Uploaded: 2013-08-01T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy at JoVE.com

Gli autori desiderano ringraziare Andres Salazar (Oncovir, Inc.) per il dono della Poli-ICLC.

1. Isolamento e Crioconservazione di PBMC 4 <ol><li> Asetticamente Spike una delle porte di accesso nella borsa leucoaferesi utilizzando un set di trasferimento del plasma. Usando una siringa da 60 ml, trasferire il leucaferesi ottenute da pazienti in una bottiglia sterile da 500 ml. </li><li> Regolare il volume della leucaferesi a 2x il suo volume originale con temperatura ambiente RPMI. Mescolare accuratamente. </li><li> Mescolare delicatamente il flacone di Ficoll-Paque PLUS. Aggiungere 12 ml PLUS Ficoll...

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Immunother. 25, 429-438 (2002).</li><li>Jonuleit, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pro-inflammatory+cytokines+and+prostaglandins+induce+maturation+of+potent+immunostimulatory+dendritic+cells+under+fetal+calf+serum-free+conditions.">Pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins induce maturation of potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells under fetal calf serum-free conditions.</a> Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 3135-3142 (1997).</li><li>Lee, A. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+clinical+grade+cocktail+of+cytokines+and+PGE2+results+in+uniform+maturation+of+human+monocyte-derived+dendritic+cells:+implications+for+immunotherapy.">A clinical grade cocktail of cytokines and PGE2 results in uniform maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells: implications for immunotherapy.</a> Vaccine. 20, A8-A22 (2002).</li><li>Bhardwaj, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Harnessing+the+immune+system+to+treat+cancer.">Harnessing the immune system to treat cancer.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 117, 1130-1136 (2007).</li><li>Gnjatic, S., Sawhney, N. B., Bhardwaj, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toll-like+receptor+agonists:+are+they+good+adjuvants?.">Toll-like receptor agonists: are they good adjuvants?.</a> Cancer J. 16, 382-391 (2010).</li><li>Kedl, R. M., Kappler, J. W., Marrack, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epitope+dominance,+competition+and+T+cell+affinity+maturation.">Epitope dominance, competition and T cell affinity maturation.</a> Curr. Opin. Immunol. 15, 120-127 (2003).</li><li>Bogunovic, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TLR4+engagement+during+TLR3-induced+proinflammatory+signaling+in+dendritic+cells+promotes+IL-10-mediated+suppression+of+antitumor+immunity.">TLR4 engagement during TLR3-induced proinflammatory signaling in dendritic cells promotes IL-10-mediated suppression of antitumor immunity.</a> Cancer Research. 71, 5467-5476 (2011).</li><li>Verdijk, R. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polyriboinosinic+polyribocytidylic+acid+(poly(I:C))+induces+stable+maturation+of+functionally+active+human+dendritic+cells.">Polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) induces stable maturation of functionally active human dendritic cells.</a> J. Immunol. 163, 57-61 (1999).</li><li>Rouas, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Poly(I:C)+used+for+human+dendritic+cell+maturation+preserves+their+ability+to+secondarily+secrete+bioactive+IL-12.">Poly(I:C) used for human dendritic cell maturation preserves their ability to secondarily secrete bioactive IL-12.</a> Int. Immunol. 16, 767-773 (2004).</li><li>Jongmans, W., Tiemessen, D. M., van Vlodrop, I. J., Mulders, P. F., Oosterwijk, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Th1-polarizing+capacity+of+clinical-grade+dendritic+cells+is+triggered+by+Ribomunyl+but+is+compromised+by+PGE2:+the+importance+of+maturation+cocktails.">Th1-polarizing capacity of clinical-grade dendritic cells is triggered by Ribomunyl but is compromised by PGE2: the importance of maturation cocktails.</a> J. Immunother. 28, 480-487 (2005).</li><li>Krause, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prostaglandin+E2+is+a+key+factor+for+monocyte-derived+dendritic+cell+maturation:+enhanced+T+cell+stimulatory+capacity+despite+IDO.">Prostaglandin E2 is a key factor for monocyte-derived dendritic cell maturation: enhanced T cell stimulatory capacity despite IDO.</a> J. Leukoc. Biol. 82, 1106-1114 (2007).</li><li>Morelli, A. E., Thomson, A. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dendritic+cells+under+the+spell+of+prostaglandins.">Dendritic cells under the spell of prostaglandins.</a> Trends Immunol. 24, 108-111 (2003).</li><li>Adams, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dendritic+cell+(DC)+based+therapy+for+cervical+cancer:+use+of+DC+pulsed+with+tumour+lysate+and+matured+with+a+novel+synthetic+clinically+non-toxic+double+stranded+RNA+analogue+poly+[I]:poly+[C(12)U]+(Ampligen+R).">Dendritic cell (DC) based therapy for cervical cancer: use of DC pulsed with tumour lysate and matured with a novel synthetic clinically non-toxic double stranded RNA analogue poly [I]:poly [C(12)U] (Ampligen R).</a> Vaccine. 21 (12), 787-790 (2003).</li><li>Colombo, M. P., Trinchieri, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interleukin-12+in+anti-tumor+immunity+and+immunotherapy.">Interleukin-12 in anti-tumor immunity and immunotherapy.</a> Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13, 155-168 (2002).</li><li>Mayordomo, J. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+marrow-derived+dendritic+cells+pulsed+with+synthetic+tumour+peptides+elicit+protective+and+therapeutic+antitumour+immunity.">Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with synthetic tumour peptides elicit protective and therapeutic antitumour immunity.</a> Nat Med. 1, 1297-1302 (1995).</li><li>Dhodapkar, M. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+generation+of+broad+T-cell+immunity+in+humans+after+a+single+injection+of+mature+dendritic+cells.">Rapid generation of broad T-cell immunity in humans after a single injection of mature dendritic cells.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 104, 173-180 (1999).</li><li>Schuler-Thurner, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+induction+of+tumor-specific+type+1+T+helper+cells+in+metastatic+melanoma+patients+by+vaccination+with+mature,+cryopreserved,+peptide-loaded+monocyte-derived+dendritic+cells.">Rapid induction of tumor-specific type 1 T helper cells in metastatic melanoma patients by vaccination with mature, cryopreserved, peptide-loaded monocyte-derived dendritic cells.</a> J. Exp. Med. 195, 1279-1288 (2002).</li></ol>

Fase I e II di sviluppo clinico di DC derivate da monociti hanno dimostrato che inducono risposte immunitarie nei pazienti però il successo clinico è stato limitato 1. Ciò può essere dovuto in parte alla mancanza di consenso su come generare il DCS ottimali per uso immunotherapeutic tumore. Sebbene ci siano molti modi per generare DC ad uso clinico, questi metodi variano in termini di uso di citochine utilizzati per differenziare i monociti, stimoli usati per indurre la maturazione, e metodi di antigene c...

<table border="1">
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td fo:width="2in">Reagent/Supplies/Equipment</td>
 <td>Manufacturer</td>
 <td>Catalog No.</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>RPMI-1640 medium with L-glutamine</td>
 <td>BioWhittaker</td>
 <td>12-702F</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>1M HEPES buffered saline</td>
 <td>BioWhittaker</td>
 <td>17-737E</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
 <td>BioWhittaker</td>
 <td>17-516F</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Human albumin, 25% solution USP</td>
 <td>Aventis Behring</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ficoll-Hypaque PREMIUM</td>
 <td>GE Healthcare</td>
 <td>17-5442-03</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Human AB serum</td>
 <td>Valley Biomedical</td>
 <td>HP1022</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sterile saline USP</td>
 <td>Hospira</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>CryoMACS DMSO </td>
 <td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
 <td>170-076-303</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Leukine GM-CSF, 0.5 mg/ml</td>
 <td>Berlex</td>
 <td>A02266</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>MACS GMP IL-4</td>
 <td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
 <td>170-076-101</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Hiltonol, Poly-ICLC, 2 mg/ml</td>
 <td>Oncovir</td>
 <td>NA</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>VACMUNE KLH</td>
 <td>Biosyn</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>225 sq cm EasyFlasks</td>
 <td>Nalgene Nunc</td>
 <td>159934</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Falcon 6-well tissue culture plates</td>
 <td>Becton Dickinson</td>
 <td>353046</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>1.8 ml CryoTube vials</td>
 <td>Nalgene Nunc</td>
 <td>377267</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Controlled Rate Freezer</td>
 <td>Thermo</td>
 <td>CryoMed</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

preparation of tumor antigen-loaded mature dendritic cells for immunotherapy

Mentre gli studi clinici hanno dimostrato che i vaccini DC antigene-caricati sono al sicuro e promettente terapia per i tumori 1, la loro efficacia clinica rimane da stabilire. Il metodo descritto di seguito, redatto in conformità con buon processo di fabbricazione (GMP), è una ottimizzazione del metodo di preparazione ex vivo più comuni per la generazione di un gran numero di cellule dendritiche per gli studi clinici 2. Il nostro metodo utilizza il TLR sintetico 3 agonista Polyinosinic-policitidilico Carbossimetilcellulosa acido poli-L-lisina (Poly-ICLC) per stimolare i PVS. Nostro studio precedente stabilito che Poly-ICLC è il più potente stimolo maturazione individuale per DCs umane valutata da una sovraregolazione di CD83 e CD86, induzione di interleuchina-12 (IL-12), fattore di necrosi tumorale (TNF), interferone gamma-indotta proteina 10 (IP-10), interleukmin 1 (IL-1), e interferoni di tipo I (IFN), e minimale interleuchina 10 (IL-10) di produzione. </p&gt; DC sono differenziati da cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico (PBMC congelati) ottenuti da leucaferesi. PBMC vengono isolati mediante centrifugazione su gradiente Ficoll e congelati in aliquote. Il giorno 1, PBMC vengono scongelati e piastrate su fiasche di coltura tissutale di selezionare per i monociti che aderiscono alla superficie plastica dopo 1-2 ore di incubazione a 37 ° C in incubatore coltura tissutale. Dopo l&#39;incubazione i linfociti vengono lavati via ed i monociti aderenti sono coltivate per 5 giorni in presenza di interleuchina-4 (IL-4) e granulociti macrofagi fattore stimolante le colonie (GM-CSF) per differenziare a DC immature. Il giorno 6, DC immature vengono pulsate con l&#39;emocianina di patella (KLH) keyhole proteina che serve come un controllo per la qualità del vaccino e può aumentare l&#39;immunogenicità del vaccino 3. Le cellule dendritiche sono stimolati a maturare, caricati con antigeni peptidici, e incubate per una notte. Il giorno 7, le cellule vengono lavate, e congelati in aliquote da 1 ml contenente4 - 20 x 10 6 cellule usando un congelatore a velocità controllata. Controllo del rilascio del lotto per i lotti di DCS viene eseguito e deve soddisfare requisiti minimi prima di essere iniettati nel paziente.

Tra il 10 - 20% delle PBMC partire differenziarsi in cellule dendritiche al termine del periodo di coltura. DC mature sono CD11c +, CD14-, CD83 +, CD40 +, e CCR7 + (Figura 1). Essi esprimono alti livelli di MHC di classe I e II e le molecole di molecole co-stimolatorie CD80 e CD86. Poli-ICLC anche indotto livelli inferiori di PDL-1 rispetto ad altri agonisti TLR 14. Inoltre, questi Poly-IC-maturati dendritiche secernono grandi quantità di IL-12 (Figura 2 e 15,16) ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy at JoVE.com

Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy

Il metodo più comunemente utilizzato per generare un elevato numero di cellule dendritiche autologhe (DC) per uso in immunoterapia tumore è descritto. Il metodo utilizza IL-4 e GM-CSF per differenziare DC da monociti. Le DC immature sono stimolati a maturo e poi caricato con antigeni prima di essere iniettati nel paziente.

Preparazione del Tumor Antigen-caricati mature cellule dendritiche per l&#39;immunoterapia

While clinical studies have established that antigen-loaded DC vaccines are safe and promising therapy for tumors 1, their clinical efficacy remains to be ...

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