Name: collection, isolation and enrichment of naturally occurring magnetotactic bacteria from the environment
Uploaded: 2012-11-15T11:55:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Collection, Isolation and Enrichment of Naturally Occurring Magnetotactic Bacteria from the Environment at JoVE.com

这项工作是支持由美国国家科学基金会（EAR-0920299，EAR-0745808），美国国家科学基金会东亚和太平洋夏季研究院，美国地质学会的研究资助计划和校友资助研究生研究奖学金补助从美国俄亥俄州立大学。我们要感谢编辑和两位匿名审稿人提出宝贵修改意见。

1。 MTB收藏<ol><li>决定在淡水网站收集趋磁细菌（MTB）时，它往往是最好的开始，一个池塘或滞销，有一个软泥质沉积物层流。在这个演示中，我们收集了样品Olentangy河的边缘，在校园里，在哥伦布市俄亥俄州立大学（OSU），俄亥俄州（美国）。虽然这是一个方便的位置，我们的演示，这里所描述的协议是适用于任何水生的位置。在该协议中所使用的材料，在表1中可以发现。查找位...

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	<li>Blakemore, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetotactic+bacteria.">Magnetotactic bacteria.</a> Science. 190, 377-379 (1975).</li><li>Blakemore, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetotactic+bacteria.">Magnetotactic bacteria.</a> Annual Reviews in Microbiology. 36, 217-238 (1982).</li><li>Bazylinski, D. A., Frankel, R. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+Biomineralization+of+Magnetite+(Fe3O4)+and+Greigite+(Fe3S4)+in+a+Magnetotactic+Bacterium.">Controlled Biomineralization of Magnetite (Fe3O4) and Greigite (Fe3S4) in a Magnetotactic Bacterium.</a> Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 61, 3232-3239 (1995).</li><li>Lefevre, C. T., Menguy, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Cultured+Greigite-Producing+Magnetotactic+Bacterium+in+a+Novel+Group+of+Sulfate-Reducing+Bacteria.">A Cultured Greigite-Producing Magnetotactic Bacterium in a Novel Group of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria.</a> Science. 334, 1720-1723 (2011).</li><li>Simmons, S. L., Bazylinski, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=South-seeking+magnetotactic+bacteria+in+the+Northern+Hemisphere.">South-seeking magnetotactic bacteria in the Northern Hemisphere.</a> Science. 311, 371-374 (2006).</li><li>Wolfe, R., Thauer, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+'capillary+racetrack'+method+for+isolation+of+magnetotactic+bacteria.">A 'capillary racetrack' method for isolation of magnetotactic bacteria.</a> FEMS Microbiology Letters. 45, 31-35 (1987).</li><li>Rodgers, F. G., Blakemore, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intercellular+structure+in+a+many-celled+magnetotactic+prokaryote.">Intercellular structure in a many-celled magnetotactic prokaryote.</a> Archives of Microbiology. 154, 18-22 (1990).</li><li>Moench, T. T., Konetzka, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+method+for+the+isolation+and+study+of+a+magnetotactic+bacterium.">A novel method for the isolation and study of a magnetotactic bacterium.</a> Archives of Microbiology. 119, 203-212 (1978).</li><li>Balkwill, D., Maratea, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrastructure+of+a+magnetotactic+spirillum.">Ultrastructure of a magnetotactic spirillum.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 141, 1399-1408 (1980).</li><li>Lins, U., Freitas, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simple+homemade+apparatus+for+harvesting+uncultured+magnetotactic+microorganisms.">Simple homemade apparatus for harvesting uncultured magnetotactic microorganisms.</a> Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 34, 111-116 (2003).</li><li>Jogler, C., Lin, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toward+Cloning+of+the+Magnetotactic+Metagenome:+Identification+of+Magnetosome+Island+Gene+Clusters+in+Uncultivated+Magnetotactic+Bacteria+from+Different+Aquatic+Sediments.">Toward Cloning of the Magnetotactic Metagenome: Identification of Magnetosome Island Gene Clusters in Uncultivated Magnetotactic Bacteria from Different Aquatic Sediments.</a> Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 75, 3972-3979 (2009).</li><li>Lin, W., Li, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Newly+Isolated+but+Uncultivated+Magnetotactic+Bacterium+of+the+Phylum+Nitrospirae+from+Beijing,+China.">Newly Isolated but Uncultivated Magnetotactic Bacterium of the Phylum Nitrospirae from Beijing, China.</a> Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 78, 668-675 (2012).</li><li>Li, J., Pan, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomineralization,+crystallography+and+magnetic+properties+of+bullet-shaped+magnetite+magnetosomes+in+giant+rod+magnetotactic+bacteria.">Biomineralization, crystallography and magnetic properties of bullet-shaped magnetite magnetosomes in giant rod magnetotactic bacteria.</a> Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 293, 368-376 (2010).</li><li>Oestreicher, Z., Valerde-Tercedor, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetosomes+and+magnetite+crystals+produced+by+magnetotactic+bacteria+as+resolved+by+atomic+force+microscopy+and+transmission+electron+microscopy.">Magnetosomes and magnetite crystals produced by magnetotactic bacteria as resolved by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.</a> Micron. 43, 1331-1335 (2012).</li></ol>

趋磁细菌不一定在每一个水生环境，但是当他们这样做时，他们可以找到为100 - 1000细胞每毫升2。为了观察到的的MTB使用光学显微镜，你将需要大约50个细菌/ ml在您的样品8。如果没有或很少MTB在你的样品，然后你需要选择一个新的环境网站收集您的样品或你需要尝试的一个或多个在下一节中讨论的技术。 首先，你应该尝试从环境中收集更多的泥沙用一个大塑?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 产品名称 </td><td> 公司 </td><td> 目录编号 </td><td> 评论（可选） </td></tr><tr><td>载玻片</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> S95933 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>玻璃巴斯德移液管</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> 13-678-6A </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> O-环</td><td>五金店</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>盖玻片</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> 12-542B </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>条形磁铁</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> S95957 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>容器</td><td>任何</td><td></td><td>任何PLAST集成电路或玻璃容器中，可容纳至少为0.5 L和可以被密封</td></tr><tr><td>棉</td><td>任何</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>显微镜60X干镜头</td><td>蔡司</td><td></td><td> 60X干镜头是完全没有必要的，但不使用石油，这提供了非常高的NA </td></tr><tr><td>钻石笔</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> 08-675 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 0.22毫米滤光器</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> 09-719C </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 1ml注射器</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> NC9788564 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>微量离心管</td><td> Fisher Scientific则</td><td> 02-681-320 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>福尔瓦/碳200目铜网上</td><td>特德·佩拉公司</td><td> 01800 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>醋酸铀</td><td>特德·佩拉公司</td><td> 19481 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> TECNAI精神TEM </td><td> FEI </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> TECNAI F20 S / TEM </td><td> FEI </td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

collection, isolation and enrichment of naturally occurring magnetotactic bacteria from the environment

趋磁细菌（MTB）的水生微生物，特别是在美国马萨诸塞州的盐沼的沉积物样品于1975年1。自那时起已发现的MTB分层水和沉积物列来自世界各地的2。是，它们含有磁小，这是磁铁矿的细胞内，膜-结合的磁性纳米晶体铁（Fe 3 O 4）和/或胶黄铁矿铁（Fe 3 S 4），或两者3，4的一个共同特征的所有MTB。在北半球，MTB通常吸引到南端的一个条形磁铁，而在南半球，他们通常会吸引到北端的磁铁3,5。可以利用此属性时，试图从环境样品中分离出MTB。 丰富MTB的最常用的方法之一是使用一个透明的塑料容器收集沉淀物和水的天然来源，如一个淡水池。在北半球，南端的一个条形磁铁放在对外部的容器上面的泥沙沉积物 - 水界面。一段时间后，细菌可以从附近的容器的内部，用移液管的磁铁，然后通过使用毛细管赛马场6和磁体进一步丰富。一旦丰富，细菌可以被置于显微镜载片上，使用悬滴法，并在光学显微镜下观察到的，或沉积到铜网格，使用透射型电子显微镜（TEM）观测。 使用这种方法，被隔离MTB可以研究微观特性来确定，例如游泳行为，鞭毛，细胞形态的细胞，磁性的结晶形状，磁数，在每个单元格中的磁链数，组合物的类型和数量的的nanomineral结晶体，与细胞内空泡的存在。

一块磁铁是一种有效的工具，它可以被用来隔离磁细菌（MTB）的环境样品中（ 图1A）所载。的毛细管赛马场（ 图1B）使用的磁特性的MTB吸引他们通过棉塞在那里他们可以从非趋磁也包含在环境样品的微生物分离。 <img alt="图1" src="/files/ftp_upload/50123/50123fig1.jpg" /> 图1。一个透明的塑料瓶，含泥沙和水样采集?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Collection, Isolation and Enrichment of Naturally Occurring Magnetotactic Bacteria from the Environment at JoVE.com

Collection, Isolation and Enrichment of Naturally Occurring Magnetotactic Bacteria from the Environment

我们展示了一个方法，可以应用到天然水域中收集的趋磁细菌（MTB）。 MTB可以从沉积物样品，用一个相对简单的设置，利用细菌的天然磁分离和富集。隔离MTB然后可以同时使用光学和电子显微镜详细检查。

从环境中自然产生的趋磁细菌的采集，分离和富集

Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are aquatic microorganisms that were first notably described in 19751 from sediment samples collected in salt marshes of ...

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