Name: in vivo two-photon imaging of experience-dependent molecular changes in cortical neurons
Uploaded: 2013-01-05T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Two-photon Imaging Of Experience-dependent Molecular Changes In Cortical Neurons at JoVE.com

Авторы хотели бы поблагодарить Л. Belluscio для хирургии съемках оборудования, Д. Квон для съемок помощи, K. Liu для редактирования видео помощь, и К. Маклеод для всех фоновой музыки. KW признает щедрой поддержке Отдела NIMH очной исследовательских программ и гены, познание и психоз программы. Эта работа была поддержана NIMH Внутренние программы исследований (VC, YY, SMKW) и Отдела NIAAA очной клинической и биологической исследовательской программы (VC, RMC, DML).

Экспериментальные процедуры, описанные ниже, были одобрены Национальным институтом психического здоровья животных и использованию комитета и были в соответствии с Национальными Институтами Здоровья Руководство по уходу и использованию лабораторных животных. <p class="jove_titl...

<ol>
	<li>Leslie, J. H., Nedivi, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activity-regulated+genes+as+mediators+of+neural+circuit+plasticity.">Activity-regulated genes as mediators of neural circuit plasticity.</a> Progress in neurobiology. 94 (3), 223-237 (2011).</li><li>Flavell, S. W., Greenberg, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Signaling+mechanisms+linking+neuronal+activity+to+gene+expression+and+plasticity+of+the+nervous+system.">Signaling mechanisms linking neuronal activity to gene expression and plasticity of the nervous system.</a> Annual review of neuroscience. 31, 563-590 (2008).</li><li>Guzowski, J. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+behaviorally+relevant+neural+circuits+with+immediate-early+gene+expression.">Mapping behaviorally relevant neural circuits with immediate-early gene expression.</a> Current opinion in neurobiology. 15 (5), 599-606 (2005).</li><li>Barth, A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualizing+circuits+and+systems+using+transgenic+reporters+of+neural+activity.">Visualizing circuits and systems using transgenic reporters of neural activity.</a> Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 17 (5), 567-5671 (2007).</li><li>Lyford, G. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=a+growth+factor+and+activity-regulated+gene,+encodes+a+novel+cytoskeleton-associated+protein+that+is+enriched+in+neuronal+dendrites.">a growth factor and activity-regulated gene, encodes a novel cytoskeleton-associated protein that is enriched in neuronal dendrites.</a> Neuron. 14 (2), 433-445 (1995).</li><li>Link, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Somatodendritic+expression+of+an+immediate+early+gene+is+regulated+by+synaptic+activity.">Somatodendritic expression of an immediate early gene is regulated by synaptic activity.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (12), 5734-5738 (1995).</li><li>Shepherd, J. D., Bear, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+views+of+Arc,+a+master+regulator+of+synaptic+plasticity.">New views of Arc, a master regulator of synaptic plasticity.</a> Nature neuroscience. 14 (3), 279-284 (2011).</li><li>Fu, M., Zuo, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experience-dependent+structural+plasticity+in+the+cortex.">Experience-dependent structural plasticity in the cortex.</a> Trends in Neurosciences. 34 (4), 177-187 (2011).</li><li>Holtmaat, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term,+high-resolution+imaging+in+the+mouse+neocortex+through+a+chronic+cranial+window.">Long-term, high-resolution imaging in the mouse neocortex through a chronic cranial window.</a> Nature. 4 (8), 1128-1144 (2009).</li><li>Wang, K. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+two-photon+imaging+reveals+a+role+of+arc+in+enhancing+orientation+specificity+in+visual+cortex.">In vivo two-photon imaging reveals a role of arc in enhancing orientation specificity in visual cortex.</a> Cell. 126 (2), 389-402 (2006).</li><li>Mostany, R., Portera-Cailliau, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Craniotomy+Surgery+Procedure+for+Chronic+Brain+Imaging.">A Craniotomy Surgery Procedure for Chronic Brain Imaging.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (12), e680 (2008).</li><li>Dombeck, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+Large-Scale+Neural+Activity+with+Cellular+Resolution+in+Awake.">Imaging Large-Scale Neural Activity with Cellular Resolution in Awake.</a> Mobile Mice. Neuron. 56 (1), 43-57 (2007).</li><li>Zipfel, W. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+tissue+intrinsic+emission+microscopy+using+multiphoton-excited+native+fluorescence+and+second+harmonic+generation.">Live tissue intrinsic emission microscopy using multiphoton-excited native fluorescence and second harmonic generation.</a> PNAS. 100 (12), 7075-7080 (2003).</li><li>Eichhoff, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+calcium+imaging+of+the+aging+and+diseased+brain.">In vivo calcium imaging of the aging and diseased brain.</a> Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 35, 99-106 (2008).</li><li>Klohs, J., Rudin, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unveiling+molecular+events+in+the+brain+by+noninvasive+imaging.+The+Neuroscientist:+a+review+journal+bringing+neurobiology.">Unveiling molecular events in the brain by noninvasive imaging. The Neuroscientist: a review journal bringing neurobiology.</a> neurology and psychiatry. 17 (5), 539-559 (2011).</li><li>Chen, L. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+chamber+and+artificial+dura+method+for+long-term+optical+imaging+in+the+monkey.">A chamber and artificial dura method for long-term optical imaging in the monkey.</a> Journal of neuroscience. 113 (1), 41-419 (2002).</li><li>Kleinfeld, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluctuations+and+stimulus-induced+changes+in+blood+flow+observed+in+individual+capillaries+in+layers+2+through+4+of+rat+neocortex.">Fluctuations and stimulus-induced changes in blood flow observed in individual capillaries in layers 2 through 4 of rat neocortex.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95 (26), 15741-15746 (1998).</li><li>Barretto, R. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time-lapse+imaging+of+disease+progression+in+deep+brain+areas+using+fluorescence+microendoscopy.">Time-lapse imaging of disease progression in deep brain areas using fluorescence microendoscopy.</a> Nature medicine. 17 (2), 223-228 (2011).</li><li>Stosiek, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+two-photon+calcium+imaging+of+neuronal+networks.">In vivo two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal networks.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (12), 7319-7324 (2003).</li><li>Tian, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+neural+activity+in+worms,+flies+and+mice+with+improved+GCaMP+calcium+indicators.">Imaging neural activity in worms, flies and mice with improved GCaMP calcium indicators.</a> Nat. Methods. 6 (12), 875-881 (2009).</li></ol>

В методе естественных изображений описанный здесь позволяет повторную экспертизу д&#39;Арк изменения экспрессии генов в той же набор нейронов в течение нескольких дней в живых животных. Это эффективный и универсальный метод получения информации о нейронной пластичности связ...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Наименование оборудования </td><td> Компания </td><td> Номер в каталоге </td><td> Комментарии (по желанию) </td></tr><tr><td> FV1000 многофотонного лазерного сканирующего микроскопа </td><td> Олимп </td><td> FV1000MPE </td><td> Изображениями </td></tr><tr><td> Препарирование микроскопом </td><td> Omano </td><td> 555V107 </td><td> Хирургия </td></tr><tr><td> Стереотаксис этапе операции для мышей </td><td> Harvard Apparatus </td><td> 726335 </td><td> Хирургия </td></tr><tr><td> 20X или 25X цель погружением в воду </td><td> Олимп </td><td> XLPL25XWMP </td><td> Изображениями </td></tr><tr><td> Микроскоп сцене с головой фиксации кадра </td><td> На заказ </td><td> N / A </td><td> Изображениями </td></tr><tr><td> Изобразительное щипцы </td><td> Средства изобразительных наук </td><td> 11251-20 </td><td> Хирургия </td></tr><tr><td> Бормашины заусенцев </td><td> Средства изобразительных наук </td><td> 19007-05 </td><td> Хирургия </td></tr><tr><td> ПЗС-камеры </td><td> QImaging </td><td> QICAM 12-разрядных </td><td> Изображениями </td></tr></tbody></table>

in vivo two-photon imaging of experience-dependent molecular changes in cortical neurons

The brain's ability to change in response to experience is essential for healthy brain function, and abnormalities in this process contribute to a variety of brain disorders1,2. To better understand the mechanisms by which brain circuits react to an animal's experience requires the ability to monitor the experience-dependent molecular changes in a given set of neurons, over a prolonged period of time, in the live animal. While experience and associated neural activity is known to trigger gene expression changes in neurons1,2, most of the methods to detect such changes do not allow repeated observation of the same neurons over multiple days or do not have sufficient resolution to observe individual neurons3,4. Here, we describe a method that combines in vivo two-photon microscopy with a genetically encoded fluorescent reporter to track experience-dependent gene expression changes in individual cortical neurons over the course of day-to-day experience. 
One of the well-established experience-dependent genes is Activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated protein (Arc)5,6. The transcription of Arc is rapidly and highly induced by intensified neuronal activity3, and its protein product regulates the endocytosis of glutamate receptors and long-term synaptic plasticity7. The expression of Arc has been widely used as a molecular marker to map neuronal circuits involved in specific behaviors3. In most of those studies, Arc expression was detected by in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry in fixed brain sections. Although those methods revealed that the expression of Arc was localized to a subset of excitatory neurons after behavioral experience, how the cellular patterns of Arc expression might change with multiple episodes of repeated or distinctive experiences over days was not investigated. 
In vivo two-photon microscopy offers a powerful way to examine experience-dependent cellular changes in the living brain8,9. To enable the examination of Arc expression in live neurons by two-photon microscopy, we previously generated a knock-in mouse line in which a GFP reporter is placed under the control of the endogenous Arc promoter10. This protocol describes the surgical preparations and imaging procedures for tracking experience-dependent Arc-GFP expression patterns in neuronal ensembles in the live animal. In this method, chronic cranial windows were first implanted in Arc-GFP mice over the cortical regions of interest. Those animals were then repeatedly imaged by two-photon microscopy after desired behavioral paradigms over the course of several days. This method may be generally applicable to animals carrying other fluorescent reporters of experience-dependent molecular changes4.

<html> Этот протокол описывает метод для отслеживания зависящие от опыта молекулярные изменения в отдельных корковых нейронов в живых животных. Хронические черепно окно создается впервые за кортикальной области интереса в проведении мышью флуоресцентные корреспондент экспрессии гено?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Two-photon Imaging Of Experience-dependent Molecular Changes In Cortical Neurons at JoVE.com

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging Of Experience-dependent Molecular Changes In Cortical Neurons

Опыт зависит от молекулярных изменений в нейронах имеют важное значение для способности мозга к адаптации в ответ на поведенческие проблемы.<em&gt; В естественных условиях</em&gt; Двухфотонного изображений метод описан здесь, что позволяет отслеживать такие молекулярные изменения в отдельные нейроны коры через генетически закодирована журналистам.

В Vivo Двухфотонные изображений зависящие от опыта молекулярные изменения в корковых нейронов

The brain's ability to change in response to experience is essential for healthy brain function, and abnormalities in this process contribute to a variety ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging Of Experience-dependent Molecular Changes In Cortical Neurons

A Thin-skull Window Technique for Chronic Two-photon In vivo Imaging of Murine Microglia in Models of Neuroinflammation

A Thin-skull Window Technique for Chronic Two-photon In vivo Imaging of Murine Microglia in Models of Neuroinflammation

Тонкие черепа Window Техника для Хронический Двухфотонное В естественных условиях Визуализация мышей микроглии в моделях Neuroinflammation

Traditionally in neuroscience, in vivo two photon imaging of the murine central nervous system has either involved the use of open-skull1,2 or ...

In vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord Using Two-photon Microscopy

In vivo Imaging of the Mouse Spinal Cord Using Two-photon Microscopy

В естественных условиях Визуализация Мышь спинного мозга с использованием двух-фотонной микроскопии

In vivo imaging using two-photon microscopy 1 in mice that have been genetically engineered to express fluorescent proteins in specific cell types 2-3 has ...

In Vivo Two-Photon Microscopy of Single Nerve Endings in Skin

In Vivo Two-Photon Microscopy of Single Nerve Endings in Skin

В Vivo Двухфотонное микроскопии Одноместный нервных окончаний в коже

Nerve endings in skin are involved in physiological processes such as sensing1 as well as in pathological processes such as neuropathic pain2. Their ...

Two-Photon in vivo Imaging of Dendritic Spines in the Mouse Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation

Two-Photon in vivo Imaging of Dendritic Spines in the Mouse Cortex Using a Thinned-skull Preparation

Двухфотонное<em&gt; В естественных условиях</em&gt; Визуализация дендритных шипиков в мыши Cortex Использование разреженных черепа Подготовка

In the mammalian cortex, neurons form extremely complicated networks and exchange information at synapses. Changes in synaptic strength, as well as ...

Two-photon Imaging of Cellular Dynamics in the Mouse Spinal Cord

Два-Фотон изображений клеточной динамики в спинном мозге мыши

Two-photon (2P) microscopy is utilized to reveal cellular dynamics and interactions deep within living, intact tissues. Here, we present a method for ...

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Simultaneous Two-photon In Vivo Imaging of Synaptic Inputs and Postsynaptic Targets in the Mouse Retrosplenial Cortex

Одновременная Двухфотонное<em&gt; В Vivo</em&gt; Визуализации синаптических входов и Постсинаптических цели в коре головного мозга мыши ретроспленальной

This video shows the craniotomy procedure that allows chronic imaging of neurons in the mouse retrosplenial cortex (RSC) using in vivo two-photon ...

Quantification of Filamentous Actin (F-actin) Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons

Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons

Количественное нитевидных актина (F-актин) Puncta на крысиной корковых нейронов

Filamentous actin protein (F-actin) plays a major role in spinogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and synaptic stability. Changes in dendritic F-actin rich ...

Two-photon Calcium Imaging in Neuronal Dendrites in Brain Slices

Двух Фотон кальция изображений в нейрональных дендритов в срезах головного мозга

Calcium (Ca2+) imaging is a powerful tool to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular Ca2+ signals in neuronal dendrites. Ca2+ ...

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Cortical Neurons in Neonatal Mice

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Cortical Neurons in Neonatal Mice

В естественных условиях Двух фотонных изображений корковых нейронов в новорожденных мышей

Two-photon imaging is a powerful tool for the in vivo analysis of neuronal circuits in the mammalian brain. However, a limited number of in vivo imaging ...

Transpupillary Two-Photon In Vivo Imaging of the Mouse Retina

Транспупиллярная двухфотонная визуализация сетчатки мыши In vivo

The retina transforms light signals from the environment into electrical signals that are propagated to the brain. Diseases of the retina are prevalent ...