Name: a model of chronic nutrient infusion in the rat
Uploaded: 2013-08-14T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af National Institutes of Health (R01DK58096 til Vincent Poitout). Vincent Poitout holder Canada Research Chair i diabetes og pancreas betacellefunktion. Bader Zarrouki modtog ph.d.-stipendier fra Merck og Eli Lilly. Ghislaine Fontes blev understøttet af en post-ph.d.-stipendium fra den canadiske Diabetes Association.

Oversigt: Proceduren består i catheterizing den rigtige halsfedt og venstre halspulsåre under fuld narkose, så en 7-dages rekreation periode forbinder katetre til pumperne ved hjælp af en drejelig og modvægt system, der gør det muligt for dyret at bevæge sig frit i buret; og infusion af glucose og / eller Intralipid (en sojabønneolieemulsion som genererer en blanding af omkring 80% unsaturated/20% mættede fedtsyrer, når infunderes med heparin 9) i 72 timer. <p class="jove_title"...

<ol>
	<li>Poitout, V., Robertson, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glucolipotoxicity:+fuel+excess+and+beta-cell+dysfunction.">Glucolipotoxicity: fuel excess and beta-cell dysfunction.</a> Endocr. Rev. 29, 351-366 (2008).</li><li>Poitout, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glucolipotoxicity+of+the+pancreatic+beta+cell.">Glucolipotoxicity of the pancreatic beta cell.</a> Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1801, 289-298 (2010).</li><li>Unger, R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minireview:+weapons+of+lean+body+mass+destruction:+the+role+of+ectopic+lipids+in+the+metabolic+syndrome.">Minireview: weapons of lean body mass destruction: the role of ectopic lipids in the metabolic syndrome.</a> Endocrinology. 144, 5159-5165 (2003).</li><li>Harmon, J. S., Gleason, C. E., Tanaka, Y., Poitout, V., Robertson, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antecedent+hyperglycemia,+not+hyperlipidemia,+is+associated+with+increased+islet+triacylglycerol+content+and+decreased+insulin+gene+mRNA+level+in+Zucker+diabetic+fatty+rats.">Antecedent hyperglycemia, not hyperlipidemia, is associated with increased islet triacylglycerol content and decreased insulin gene mRNA level in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.</a> Diabetes. 50, 2481-2486 (2001).</li><li>Bachar, E., Ariav, Y., Cerasi, E., Kaiser, N., Leibowitz, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronal+nitric+oxide+synthase+protects+the+pancreatic+beta+cell+from+glucolipotoxicity-induced+endoplasmic+reticulum+stress+and+apoptosis.">Neuronal nitric oxide synthase protects the pancreatic beta cell from glucolipotoxicity-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis.</a> Diabetologia. 53, 2177-2187 (2010).</li><li>Peyot, M. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beta-cell+failure+in+diet-induced+obese+mice+stratified+according+to+body+weight+gain:+secretory+dysfunction+and+altered+islet+lipid+metabolism+without+steatosis+or+reduced+beta-cell+mass.">Beta-cell failure in diet-induced obese mice stratified according to body weight gain: secretory dysfunction and altered islet lipid metabolism without steatosis or reduced beta-cell mass.</a> Diabetes. 59, 2178-2187 (2010).</li><li>Hagman, D. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cyclical+and+alternating+infusions+of+glucose+and+intralipid+in+rats+inhibit+insulin+gene+expression+and+Pdx-1+binding+in+islets.">Cyclical and alternating infusions of glucose and intralipid in rats inhibit insulin gene expression and Pdx-1 binding in islets.</a> Diabetes. 57, 424-431 (2008).</li><li>Fontes, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glucolipotoxicity+age-dependently+impairs+beta+cell+function+in+rats+despite+a+marked+increase+in+beta+cell+mass.">Glucolipotoxicity age-dependently impairs beta cell function in rats despite a marked increase in beta cell mass.</a> Diabetologia. 53, 2369-2379 (2010).</li><li>Stein, D. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Essentiality+of+circulating+fatty+acids+for+glucose-stimulated+insulin+secretion+in+the+fasted+rat.">Essentiality of circulating fatty acids for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the fasted rat.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 97, 2728-2735 (1996).</li><li>Leahy, J. L., Cooper, H. E., Weir, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impaired+insulin+secretion+associated+with+near+normoglycemia.+Study+in+normal+rats+with+96-h+in+vivo+glucose+infusions.">Impaired insulin secretion associated with near normoglycemia. Study in normal rats with 96-h in vivo glucose infusions.</a> Diabetes. 36, 459-464 (1987).</li><li>Hager, S. R., Jochen, A. L., Kalkhoff, R. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insulin+resistance+in+normal+rats+infused+with+glucose+for+72+h.">Insulin resistance in normal rats infused with glucose for 72 h.</a> The American Journal of Physiology. 260, 353-362 (1991).</li><li>Laybutt, D. R., Chisholm, D. J., Kraegen, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Specific+adaptations+in+muscle+and+adipose+tissue+in+response+to+chronic+systemic+glucose+oversupply+in+rats.">Specific adaptations in muscle and adipose tissue in response to chronic systemic glucose oversupply in rats.</a> The American Journal of Physiology. 273, E1-E9 (1997).</li><li>Jonas, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+glucose+stimulates+early+response+gene+c-Myc+expression+in+rat+pancreatic+beta+cells.">High glucose stimulates early response gene c-Myc expression in rat pancreatic beta cells.</a> The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276, 35375-35381 (2001).</li><li>Tang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glucose-induced+beta+cell+dysfunction+in+vivo+in+rats:+link+between+oxidative+stress+and+endoplasmic+reticulum+stress.">Glucose-induced beta cell dysfunction in vivo in rats: link between oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.</a> Diabetologia. 55, 1366-1379 (2012).</li><li>Alonso, L. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glucose+infusion+in+mice:+a+new+model+to+induce+beta-cell+replication.">Glucose infusion in mice: a new model to induce beta-cell replication.</a> Diabetes. 56, 1792-1801 (2007).</li><li>Magnan, C., Gilbert, M., Kahn, B. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+free+fatty+acid+infusion+in+rats+results+in+insulin+resistance+but+no+alteration+in+insulin-responsive+glucose+transporter+levels+in+skeletal+muscle.">Chronic free fatty acid infusion in rats results in insulin resistance but no alteration in insulin-responsive glucose transporter levels in skeletal muscle.</a> Lipids. 31, 1141-1149 (1996).</li><li>Goh, T. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lipid-induced+beta-cell+dysfunction+in+vivo+in+models+of+progressive+beta-cell+failure.">Lipid-induced beta-cell dysfunction in vivo in models of progressive beta-cell failure.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 292, 549-560 (2007).</li><li>Pascoe, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Free+fatty+acids+block+glucose-induced+beta-cell+proliferation+in+mice+by+inducing+cell+cycle+inhibitors+p16+and+p18.">Free fatty acids block glucose-induced beta-cell proliferation in mice by inducing cell cycle inhibitors p16 and p18.</a> Diabetes. 61, 632-641 (2012).</li><li>Bell, C. G., Walley, A. J., Froguel, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+genetics+of+human+obesity.">The genetics of human obesity.</a> Nature Reviews. Genetics. 6, 221-234 (2005).</li><li>Fontes, G., Hagman, D. K., Latour, M. G., Semache, M., Poitout, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lack+of+preservation+of+insulin+gene+expression+by+a+glucagon-like+peptide+1+agonist+or+a+dipeptidyl+peptidase+4+inhibitor+in+an+in+vivo+model+of+glucolipotoxicity.">Lack of preservation of insulin gene expression by a glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist or a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor in an in vivo model of glucolipotoxicity.</a> Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 87, 322-328 (2010).</li><li>Crawford, P. A., Schaffer, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+stress+in+the+myocardium:+Adaptations+of+gene+expression.">Metabolic stress in the myocardium: Adaptations of gene expression.</a> Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. , (2012).</li><li>Kewalramani, G., Bilan, P. J., Klip, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Muscle+insulin+resistance:+assault+by+lipids,+cytokines+and+local+macrophages.">Muscle insulin resistance: assault by lipids, cytokines and local macrophages.</a> Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab Care. 13, 382-390 (2010).</li><li>Cusi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+obesity+and+lipotoxicity+in+the+development+of+nonalcoholic+steatohepatitis:+pathophysiology+and+clinical+implications.">Role of obesity and lipotoxicity in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: pathophysiology and clinical implications.</a> Gastroenterology. 142, 711-725 (2012).</li></ol>

Selv om en række tidligere undersøgelser har anvendt kroniske infusioner af glukose (f.eks 10-15) eller lipider (f.eks 16,17) i gnavere, vores viden kombineret infusion af begge brændstoffer er kun blevet rapporteret i mus 18. Den kroniske infusion model præsenteres her giver flere fordele at studere virkningerne på næringsstof overskud på en række biologiske funktioner hos rotter. Først, betyder det ikke involverer genetisk fede gnavere, og siden almindelig fe...

Kronisk forhøjede niveauer af glucose og lipider i kredsløbet er blevet foreslået at bidrage til patogenesen af ​​type 2-diabetes ved at ændre funktionen af ​​flere organer impliceret i opretholdelse af glukose homøostase, herunder, men ikke begrænset til, pancreas-beta-celler (revideret i 1). De glucotoxicity hypotese postulerer, at kronisk hyperglykæmi forværrer beta-cell mangel, som gav anledning til hyperglykæmi i første omgang, og dermed skabe en ond cirkel, og bidrager til en forværring af glukose ved type 2-diabetes patienter. Ligeledes glucolipotoxicity hypotese foreslår, at samtidig forhøjelse af glukose-og lipid niveauer, så ofte observeret i type 2-diabetes, er til skade for den beta-celle. Decifrere de cellulære og molekylære mekanismer af de skadelige virkninger af kronisk forhøjede næringsstoffer på pancreas beta-celle funktion er nøglen til understanding af patogenesen af type 2-diabetes 1.. Til det formål har en lang række undersøgelser undersøgt de mekanismer af kronisk næringsstof overskydende ex vivo i isolerede Langerhanske øer eller in vitro i klonede, insulinproducerende cellelinjer. Imidlertid oversættelse af resultaterne opnået i disse modelsystemer til hele organismen er kompleks, især fordi koncentrationerne af fedtsyrer anvendes i dyrkede celler eller holme sjældent matche de cirkulerende niveauer i nærheden af beta-celler in vivo 2. På den anden side har de mekanismer af beta-celle svigt i respons på næringsstof overskud blevet undersøgt i gnavermodeller for diabetes, som eksemplificeret ved Zucker Diabetic Fatty rotte 3,4, gerbil Psammomys obesus 5 og fedtrig kost- fodret mus 6.. Disse modeller er imidlertid kendetegnet ved iboende metaboliske abnormiteter og er ikke let modtagelig for manipulationer af blodsukkerog / eller lipid niveauer i en mere kontrolleret og mindre kronisk indstilling. At være i stand til at ændre cirkulerende næringsstof niveauer i en tidsramme på dage i ellers normale dyr, har vi udviklet en kronisk infusion model i normale rotter, som gør det muligt at undersøge virkningerne af lipider og glukose, alene eller i kombination, på fysiologiske parametre og funktion 7,8.

<table border="1">
		<tbody>
		 <tr>
			<td>Name of Reagent/Material</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Saline 0.9%</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>JB1324</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Dextrose 70%</td>
			<td>McKesson</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Intralipid 20%</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi</td>
			<td>JB6023</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Metricide (Glutaraldehyde 2.6%)</td>
			<td>Metrex</td>
			<td>11-1401</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Heparin Sodium 10,000 USP u/ml</td>
			<td>PPC</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Carprofen</td>
			<td>Metacam</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Glycopyrrolate</td>
			<td>Sandoz</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Abbott</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Chlohexidine 2%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Alcohol 70%</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Iodine</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>PE-50</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>427411</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>CO-EX T22</td>
			<td>Instech Solomon</td>
			<td>BCOEX-T22</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Connector 22G</td>
			<td>Instech Solomon</td>
			<td>SC22/15</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Swivel 22G</td>
			<td>Instech Solomon</td>
			<td>375/22PS</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Y-Connector 22G</td>
			<td>Instech Solomon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Counterbalance and arm</td>
			<td>Instech Solomon</td>
			<td>CM375BP</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>23 G blunted needles</td>
			<td>Instech Solomon</td>
			<td>LS23</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>23 G canulation pins</td>
			<td>Instech Solomon</td>
			<td>SP23/12</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Tethers (12 inch)</td>
			<td>Lomir</td>
			<td>RT12D</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Infusion jackets </td>
			<td>Lomir</td>
			<td>RJ01, RJ02, RJ03, RJ04</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>(SM-XL)</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Tether attachment piece</td>
			<td>Lomir</td>
			<td>RS T1</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>60 ml syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>309653</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>1 ml syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>309602</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		</tbody>
 </table>

a model of chronic nutrient infusion in the rat

Kronisk eksponering for høje niveauer af næringsstoffer postuleres at påvirke funktionen af ​​flere organer og væv og bidrage til udviklingen af ​​mange komplikationer forbundet med fedme og det metaboliske syndrom, herunder type 2-diabetes. At studere de mekanismer, som høje niveauer af glukose og fedtsyrer påvirker pancreas beta-celle og udskillelsen af ​​insulin, har vi etableret en kronisk næringsstof infusion model i rotter. Proceduren består i catheterizing den rigtige halsfedt og venstre halspulsåre under fuld narkose, så en 7-dages rekreation periode forbinder katetre til pumperne ved hjælp af en drejelig og modvægt system, der gør det muligt for dyret at bevæge sig frit i buret og infusion glucose og / eller Intralipid (en sojabønneolieemulsion som genererer en blanding af omkring 80% unsaturated/20% mættede fedtsyrer, når infunderes med heparin) i 72 timer. Denne model tilbyder flere fordelagtigeGES, herunder muligheden for at fint modulere målet niveauer af cirkulerende glukose og fedtsyrer, mulighed for at infunderes farmakologiske forbindelser, og den relativt korte tidsramme, i modsætning til kosten modeller. Det kan bruges til at undersøge mekanismerne i næringsstof-induceret dysfunktion hos en række organer og for at teste effektiviteten af ​​lægemidler i denne sammenhæng.

Ud af en serie af 42 rotter, som blev opereret, blev 5 rotter tabt under den post-operative periode, og 1 rotte gik tabt under infusionen, der repræsenterer en samlet succesrate på 86%. Den gennemsnitlige kropsvægt af de 37 rotter, der i sidste ende blev infunderet var 608 ± 5 g før kirurgi og 588 ± 6 g ved indledningen af ​​infusion (gennemsnit ± SE, n = 37, p &lt;0,0001 ved parret t-test). De følgende repræsentative resultater blev opnået i 2 infusion grupper:. Saline (SAL) og glucose + Intralipid (GLU +...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat at JoVE.com

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

En protokol til kroniske infusioner af glukose og Intralipid i rotter er beskrevet. Denne model kan anvendes til at undersøge virkningen af ​​næringsstof overskud på organfunktion og fysiologiske parametre.

En model af kronisk Nutrient Infusion i Rat

Chronic exposure to excessive levels of nutrients is postulated to  affect the function of several organs and tissues and to contribute to the  ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation: A Rat Model to Study the Development of Chronic Vasculopathy

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant ...

Urinary Bladder Distention Evoked Visceromotor Responses as a Model for Bladder Pain in Mice

Urinblæren Udspilning Evoked Visceromotor Responses som en model for blæresmerter i mus

Approximately 3-8 million people in the United States suffer from interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), a debilitating condition ...

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions

Slow-release Drug Delivery gennem Elvax 40W til rotteretina: konsekvenser for behandlingen af ​​kroniske lidelser

Diseases of the retina are difficult to treat as the retina lies deep within the eye. Invasive methods of drug delivery are often needed to treat these ...

Neurodegeneration in an Animal Model of Chronic Amyloid-beta Oligomer Infusion Is Counteracted by Antibody Treatment Infused with Osmotic Pumps

Neurodegeneration i en dyremodel for kronisk Amyloid-beta Oligomer Infusion modvirkes af antistof Behandling Infused med osmotiske pumper

Decline in hippocampal-dependent explicit memory (memory for facts and events) is one of the earliest clinical symptom of Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD). It ...

Use of a Central Venous Line for Fluids, Drugs and Nutrient Administration in a Mouse Model of Critical Illness

Anvendelse af et centralt venekateter til Væsker, narkotika og næringsstoffer Administration i en musemodel af kritisk sygdom

This protocol describes a centrally catheterized mouse model of prolonged critical illness. We combine the cecal ligation and puncture method to induce ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

Isometrisk kontraktilitet måling af musen mesenterica arterie ved hjælp af Wire blodkar

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

A New Best Practice for Validating Tail Vein Injections in Rat with Near-infrared-Labeled Agents

En ny bedste praksis for validering hale vene injektioner i rotte med nær-infrarød-mærket agenter

Intravenous (IV) administration of agents into the tail vein of rats can be both difficult and inconsistent. Optimizing tail vein injections is a key part ...

Acupuncture in a Rat Model of Asthma

Akupunktur i en rotte model af astma

A high platform can fix rats without restriction and completely expose the acupoints on the back during acupuncture manipulation. This article describes ...

A Mouse Model for Chronic Pancreatitis via Bile Duct TNBS Infusion

En mus model for kronisk pancreatitis via Galde Duct TNBS Infusion

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a complex disease involving pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis, glandular atrophy, abdominal pain and other symptoms. ...

Improving FSN Therapy in the Rat Model&#58; Minimizing Discomfort and Maximizing Efficiency

Efficacy of Fu's Subcutaneous Needling on Sciatic Nerve Pain: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Changes in a Chronic Constriction Injury Rat Model

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Therapeutic Effects of FSN Treatment &#8211; Bridging Research and Clinical Applications in Neuropathic Pain

Fu&#39;s subcutaneous needling (FSN), an invented acupuncture technique from traditional Chinese medicine, is used worldwide for pain relief. However, the ...