Name: in vivo macrophage imaging using mr targeted contrast agent for longitudinal evaluation of septic arthritis
Uploaded: 2013-10-20T21:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis at JoVE.com

我们衷心感谢楼Bierry为协助在视频编辑制作。

大学医院机构动物保健委员会已经批准了所有程序，涉及受试动物。 1。关节腔内的细菌接种<ol><li>在注射前，麻醉兔子通过肌内注射氯胺酮（30毫克/公斤体重）混合，用甲苯噻嗪（4毫克/千克）在竖脊肌肌肉之内。确保通过检查，他们无法应对爪子捏动物完全麻醉。此协议可提供足够的膝关节的关节内注射麻醉。在麻醉过程中，将氧气面罩下的动物。 </li><li>剃须动物的膝?...

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	<li>Madri, J., Kissane, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation+and+healing.">Inflammation and healing.</a> Anderson's Pathology. , 67-110 (1990).</li><li>Sephel, G., Woodward, S., Rubin, R., Strayer, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repair,+regeneration,+and+fibrosis.">Repair, regeneration, and fibrosis.</a> Rubin's Pathology. , 71-98 (2008).</li><li>Verdrengh, M., Tarkowski, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+macrophages+in+Staphylococcus+aureus-induced+arthritis+and+sepsis.">Role of macrophages in Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritis and sepsis.</a> Arthritis Rheum. 43 (10), 2276-2282 (2000).</li><li>Heale, J., Speert, D., Burke, B., Lewis, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophages+in+bacterial+infection.">Macrophages in bacterial infection.</a> The Macrophage. , 210-252 (2008).</li><li>Bierry, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophage+activity+in+infected+areas+of+an+experimental+vertebral+osteomyelitis+model:+USPIO-enhanced+MR+imaging--feasibility+study.">Macrophage activity in infected areas of an experimental vertebral osteomyelitis model: USPIO-enhanced MR imaging--feasibility study.</a> Radiology. 248 (1), 114-123 (2008).</li><li>Bierry, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MRI+of+macrophages+in+infectious+knee+synovitis.">MRI of macrophages in infectious knee synovitis.</a> AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 194 (6), W521-W526 (2010).</li><li>Lutz, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+synovial+macrophages+in+an+experimental+rabbit+model+of+antigen-induced+arthritis:+ultrasmall+superparamagnetic+iron+oxide-enhanced+MR+imaging.">Detection of synovial macrophages in an experimental rabbit model of antigen-induced arthritis: ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging.</a> Radiology. 233 (1), 149-1457 (2004).</li><li>Weissleder, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasmall+superparamagnetic+iron+oxide:+an+intravenous+contrast+agent+for+assessing+lymph+nodes+with+MR+imaging.">Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: an intravenous contrast agent for assessing lymph nodes with MR imaging.</a> Radiology. 175 (2), 494-498 (1990).</li><li>Lefevre, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Septic+arthritis:+monitoring+with+USPIO-enhanced+macrophage+MR+imaging.">Septic arthritis: monitoring with USPIO-enhanced macrophage MR imaging.</a> Radiology. 258 (3), 722-728 (2011).</li><li>Sigovan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid-clearance+iron+nanoparticles+for+inflammation+imaging+of+atherosclerotic+plaque:+initial+experience+in+animal+model.">Rapid-clearance iron nanoparticles for inflammation imaging of atherosclerotic plaque: initial experience in animal model.</a> Radiology. 252 (2), 401-409 (2009).</li></ol>

虽然非特异性钆的造影剂提供的信息有关的细胞外空间的体积和灌注，巨噬细胞USPIO增强MR成像允许一个精确的解剖定位于受感染的滑膜组织的巨噬细胞浸润和定性评价，而不需要对组织取样9。由于其高灵敏度，USPIO可以证明哪怕是细微的细胞浸润在感染的早期阶段。根据成功的抗生素治疗，逐渐除去病原体，被认为是这种渗透减少，导致的滑膜内的USPIO摄取的减少。的面积的暗信号的相?...

磁共振成像（MRI）被认为是给出示范传染性滑膜炎，由于它的高空间分辨率和软组织对比度的成像模态。 MRI上的信号变化关节炎低T1和T2高信号反映细胞外液量增加存在，基于钆的造影剂管理显着增强后，符合组织的调查结果增加血管，由于血管扩张和血管生成1。然而，MRI往往是在抗生素治疗过程中无法显示分辨率感染持久性增强，可观察到患者的关节与临床和生物愈合化脓性关节炎，由于扩大的细胞外空间的持久性（肉芽组织，纤维化瘢痕）2。除了细胞外的变化，大量炎症细胞，包括巨噬细胞激烈的招聘渗透染病滑液。巨噬细胞的急性和慢性细菌感染3阶段发挥了重要作用。他们需要消除病原微生物引起的炎症反应，并协调炎症消退，如巨噬细胞诱发炎症仍然存在，只要坏死组织不会被删除，防止维修开始4。因此，高效的治疗后滑膜内感染的巨噬细胞浸润减少感染的分辨率可以是一个可靠的指标。细胞成像是能够证明的具体病理组织内细胞浸润。使用有针对性的具体的巨噬细胞MR成像造影剂已被广泛研究，并已经证明它有能力证明关节发炎或感染5-7。 USPIO（超小超顺磁性氧化铁）颗粒这种有针对性的造影剂，如静脉注射后，被吞噬细胞如巨噬细胞，由于其磁特性，诱导组织中的信号的变化，呈现巨噬细胞浸润8。那些MR信号的变化治疗的纵向跟进允许在体内的非侵入性的评价巨噬细胞浸润和USPIO加载的巨噬细胞相关的信号的变化减少了将证明治疗的成功。本报告的目的是介绍如何进行巨噬细胞MR成像，无创监测化脓性关节炎滑膜内通过论证减少巨噬细胞浸润。

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of Reagent/Material</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P904</td>
			<td>Guerbet</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose: 150 &#956;mol Fe/kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine (500 mg/ml ketamine)</td>
			<td>Virbac</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose: 30 mg/kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rompun (20 mg/ml Xylazine)</td>
			<td>Axience</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose: 4 mg/kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine</td>
			<td>Vetoquinol</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dose: 0.1 mg/kg/8 hr</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD 22 G, 1 inch</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>381423</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD 25 G, 5/8 inch</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>305122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vivo macrophage imaging using mr targeted contrast agent for longitudinal evaluation of septic arthritis

巨噬细胞是关键细胞，在发起，发展和细菌感染的炎症反应的调节。巨噬细胞密集和日益招募关节化脓性感染的早期阶段，并获得高效去除病原体的渗透应该是一次倒退。识别能力， 在体内的巨噬细胞活性，在被感染的关节，因此可以提供两个主要应用：急性滑膜炎的早期发现和治疗监测。 在体内的巨噬细胞的非侵入性的检测可以进行磁共振成像使用铁纳米粒子，如超小超顺磁性氧化铁（USPIO）。血管内或关节内给药后，USPIO专门吞噬活化的巨噬细胞，并且，由于其磁特性，诱导呈现巨噬细胞浸润的组织中的信号的变化。 àquantitativ的渗透ë键评价是可行的，信号损失中的区域（暗像素数量）颗粒注射后在组织内的铁量密切相关，因此，该数字反映的USPIO加载细胞上观察到的梯度回波MR图像。 我们在座的协议来执行巨噬细胞成像使用USPIO增强MR成像化脓性关节炎动物模型中，让体内的巨噬细胞的浸润和评估治疗作用的非侵入性评估的初始和纵向。

在未增强的图像上，受感染的膝盖滑膜非区别于周围的软组织，而股骨和髌骨显示为低信号结构（ 图1）的中间信号提出了一种漫肿。 造影剂给药后24小时，滑膜区域，其中包含加载USPIO-巨噬细胞在USPIO增强图像上，将演示信号损失（ 图1和2）。 使用特定的免疫染色（ 图3），可以证明在滑膜组织中的巨?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis at JoVE.com

In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis

我们演示了如何执行巨噬细胞MR成像使用超小超顺磁造影剂（USPIO）化脓性关节炎，让初次和​​纵向<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;非侵入性评价的巨噬细胞浸润和治疗疗效的评估。

在体内的巨噬细胞成像采用MR靶向造影剂化脓性关节炎的纵向评价

Macrophages are key-cells in the initiation, the development and the regulation of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Macrophages are ...

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In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis

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