Name: assessment of gastric emptying in non-obese diabetic mice using a [13c]-octanoic acid breath test
Uploaded: 2013-03-23T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Gastric Emptying in Non-obese Diabetic Mice Using a [13C]-octanoic Acid Breath Test at JoVE.com

此视频发布成为可能，资金由美国国家糖尿病，消化道和肾脏疾病研究所（NIDDK）的计划项目资助计划“病理学的肠道系统”DK 68055。克里斯托弗·T. Creedon罗切斯特公立学校“营商友导”计划的支持。 我们感谢加里·斯托尔兹的技术援助，秘书服务的克里斯蒂Zodrow女士和道格拉斯博士贝尔公司（Los Gatos的研究山景，CA）。

1。对小鼠的培训和习惯化<ol><li>分析前，把所有的小鼠在测试室恒定气流的2-4小时，以习惯于他们的测试条件。这将显着降低压力水平，否则可能会导致异常的检测胃排空延迟。治疗小鼠犹如胃排空实验相同的方式运行。准备蛋黄（见下文），没有加入辛酸和饲料0.2克至每一个鼠标。 </li><li>重复这个过程，直到老鼠足够的训练（一般为2-3倍）。通常很容易将小鼠驯化，只要保持相同的环境条件...

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	<li>Yeung, C. K., McCurrie, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+method+to+investigate+the+inhibitory+effects+of+drugs+on+gastric+emptying+in+the+mouse+in+vivo.">A simple method to investigate the inhibitory effects of drugs on gastric emptying in the mouse in vivo.</a> J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods. 45, 235-240 (2001).</li><li>Osinski, M. A., Seifert, T. R., Cox, B. F., Gintant, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+method+of+evaluation+of+drug-evoked+changes+in+gastric+emptying+in+mice.">An improved method of evaluation of drug-evoked changes in gastric emptying in mice.</a> J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods. 47, 115-120 (2002).</li><li>Ghoos, Y. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+gastric+emptying+rate+of+solids+by+means+of+a+carbon-labeled+octanoic+acid+breath+test.">Measurement of gastric emptying rate of solids by means of a carbon-labeled octanoic acid breath test.</a> Gastroenterology. 104, 1640-1647 (1993).</li><li>Symonds, E., Butler, R., Omari, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+breath+tests+can+detect+alterations+in+gastric+emptying+in+the+mouse.">Noninvasive breath tests can detect alterations in gastric emptying in the mouse.</a> Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 32, 341-344 (2002).</li><li>Symonds, E. L., Butler, R. N., Omari, T. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+gastric+emptying+in+the+mouse+using+the+[13C]-octanoic+acid+breath+test.">Assessment of gastric emptying in the mouse using the [13C]-octanoic acid breath test.</a> Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 27, 671-675 (2000).</li><li>Verhulst, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+ghrelin+in+the+relationship+between+hyperphagia+and+accelerated+gastric+emptying+in+diabetic+mice.">Role of ghrelin in the relationship between hyperphagia and accelerated gastric emptying in diabetic mice.</a> Gastroenterology. 135, 1267-1276 (2008).</li><li>Schoonjans, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+13C-octanoic+acid+breath+test:+validation+of+a+new+noninvasive+method+of+measuring+gastric+emptying+in+rats.">The 13C-octanoic acid breath test: validation of a new noninvasive method of measuring gastric emptying in rats.</a> Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 14, 287-293 (2002).</li><li>Choi, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+gastric+emptying+in+nonobese+diabetic+mice.">Determination of gastric emptying in nonobese diabetic mice.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 293, 1039-1045 (2007).</li><li>Atkinson, M. A., Leiter, E. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+NOD+mouse+model+of+type+1+diabetes:+as+good+as+it+gets?.">The NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes: as good as it gets?.</a> Nat. Med. 5, 601-604 (1999).</li><li>Camilleri, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+practice.+Diabetic+gastroparesis.">Clinical practice. Diabetic gastroparesis.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 356, 820-829 (2007).</li><li>Choi, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heme+oxygenase-1+protects+interstitial+cells+of+Cajal+from+oxidative+stress+and+reverses+diabetic+gastroparesis.">Heme oxygenase-1 protects interstitial cells of Cajal from oxidative stress and reverses diabetic gastroparesis.</a> Gastroenterology. 135, 2055-2064 (2008).</li><li>Kashyap, P. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carbon+monoxide+reverses+diabetic+gastroparesis+in+NOD+mice.">Carbon monoxide reverses diabetic gastroparesis in NOD mice.</a> Am. J. Physiol. GI. G298, G1013-G1019 (2010).</li></ol>

本文所描述的技术允许重复的和非侵入性的， 在体内测量的固体小鼠胃排空的影响。这种系统具有的优点在于，将动物没有在测量室中的限制，，使他们可自由移动和转动。由于这是一个陌生的环境中，这些老鼠仍然需要进行培训和熟悉的试验室，以防止压力的影响胃排空。在一般情况下，我们假定胃排空数据是可靠的，如果连续胃排空试验帧内小鼠之间的变异小于10％。 <p class="jove_co...

这手稿描述的技术和方法上的考虑，在非侵入性测量小鼠胃排空的影响。通过这里描述的协议，研究人员可以可靠和可重复的在胃的排空，由于疾病发展变化，研究药物制剂的影响，对胃排空及胃的排空，以治疗基础疾病或缺陷6,8， 11,12。在以前的出版物中，应用13 C辛酸呼气测试，被证明是一个有用的方法，测量胃排空的人类和动物3,8。本文详细介绍了必要的程序，以获得可靠的数据，在6〜8个月，有必要对糖尿病小鼠胃排空的纵向研究。遵循这个协议相比此前公布的方法的优点是，研究者可以放心的数据obtained将是可靠和可重复性。此外，这里描述的自动化系统，用于收集和分析的气体样品的动物的数量增加，同时在一项研究中，可以遵循的。总之，本文的目标是要找出保持成瘾的老鼠的测试，得到的结果，减少变异的关键因素。 小鼠体内检测胃排空，禁食过夜，投入透明的塑料试验箱，恒定气流。基线后小老鼠就习惯于管，呼出的13 CO 2级确定和气流相应的调整。接下来，我们测试管理用餐组成的蛋黄混合，用13 C-标记的辛酸。因为禁食小鼠和训练，他们一般在2分钟内吃的试验餐。施用的辛酸还没有在胃中吸收，但将会采取在十二指肠d将浏览在肝脏中代谢成13 CO 2，这是释放和呼出，从而在周围的空气中的13 CO 2的富集。收集空气样品，以确定的时间间隔，并且由碳同位素分析仪分析。在这整个过程的限速步骤是胃的排空和肺排泄的13 CO 2直接对应的标记餐的胃排空。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/50301/50301fig1.jpg" alt="图1" fo:content-width="6in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/50301/50301fig1highres.jpg"/> 图1。胃的排空装置的示意图。禁食一夜后，小鼠被放置在透明的商会，使他们能够自由地移动和转动。入口管允许新鲜的和恒定的空气流入和一个出口导致的同位素分析仪测量的13 C-12C比值的呼出一口气。该室也有一个中央端口提供的食物中含有[13 C]辛酸。

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> NAME </td><td> 公司 </td><td> CAT NUMBER </td><td> 评论 </td></tr><tr><td>一位消息人士的恒定供气，流量和组成</td><td>中央供气的研究设施</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 130毫升取样室，有进风口，出风口，与食品管理局开幕 塑料管的空气供给</td><td>在内部构建</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>辛酸</td><td>剑桥同位素实验室（安多弗，MA） </td><td> CLM-293-1 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>要准备的鸡蛋饭： <ul><li>小烧杯</li><li> 50毫升的塑胶管</li><li>本生灯</li><li>鸡蛋</li><li>抹刀</li></ul></td><td>任何供应商</td><td></td><td>尝试是一致的鸡蛋供应商，因为鸡蛋的营养成分和适口性的影响摄食和胃排空的餐</td></tr><tr><td>二氧化碳同位素分析仪</td><td> Los Gatos的研究公司（加州Mountain View） </td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

assessment of gastric emptying in non-obese diabetic mice using a [13c]-octanoic acid breath test

在小鼠的胃排空研究一直局限于由无法遵循胃排空以来的变化在同一动物的最常用的技术需要杀死动物和死后恢复，用餐1,2。这种方法可以防止纵向研究，以确定胃排空的变化，随着年龄的增长和疾病的进展。目前常用的[13 C]-辛酸呼气试验对人类3被修改用于在小鼠4-6和大鼠7我们以前表明，这个测试是可靠和胃排空的变化响应于在对药物的反应，以及在糖尿病患者病情恶化。在这段视频中演示的原理和实际执行这个修改后的测试进行了解释。在以前的研究中，NOD LTJ小鼠，1型糖尿病9的典范。这些小鼠的发展一定比例的胃轻瘫的症状，一期糖尿病并发症ES特点是胃排空延迟，无机械性梗阻，胃10。 本文演示了如何训练的老鼠进行测试，如何准备试验餐，并获得4小时胃排空的数据，如何分析所获得的数据。在本研究中所使用的碳同位素分析仪是适合的空气样品的自动采样从多达12只小鼠在同一时间。这种技术允许的纵向后续胃排空组小鼠与糖尿病或其他长期疾病。

从三个不同的小鼠设置，典型的数据在图2中所示。从小鼠胃排空正常的黑色图形表示的数据点。它示出的13 C]是表示为每小时的给药剂量的百分比表示为时间的函数的呼出的空气中回收的馏分。蓝色曲线是鼠标加速胃排空的T半值的40分钟，而红色曲线是从小鼠胃排空延迟与一个T的一半价值168分钟。建立在我们的实验室7，正常非糖尿病NOD小鼠年龄胃半排空时间为9-15周?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Gastric Emptying in Non-obese Diabetic Mice Using a [13C]-octanoic Acid Breath Test at JoVE.com

Assessment of Gastric Emptying in Non-obese Diabetic Mice Using a [13C]-octanoic Acid Breath Test

与一种非侵入性测定胃排空[<sup&gt; 13</sup&gt; C-辛酸呼气试验跟踪女性NOD LTJ小鼠的胃轻瘫。

使用的非肥胖型糖尿病小鼠胃排空的评估[<sup&gt; 13</sup&gt; C-辛酸呼气试验

Gastric emptying studies in mice have been limited by the inability to follow gastric emptying changes in the same animal since the most commonly used ...

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Assessment of Gastric Emptying in Non-obese Diabetic Mice Using a [13C]-octanoic Acid Breath Test

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