Name: the specification of telencephalic glutamatergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

De auteurs willen graag Dr Y. Sasai bedanken voor royaal verstrekken van de FOXG1 antilichaam. Dit werk werd ondersteund door Connecticut Stem Cell Research Grants (08-SCB-UCHC- 022 en 11-SCB24) en spastische paraplegie Foundation.

1. Generatie van menselijke pluripotente stamcellen Aggregaten (D1-D4) <ol><li> Menselijke pluripotente stamcellen zijn gekweekt op muis embryonale fibroblasten (MEF) feeders in aanwezigheid van hESC medium aangevuld met basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, 4 ng / ml). Na 5-7 dagen kweken bij de kolonies groot, maar nog niet gedifferentieerd zijn ze klaar voor de volgende stap. </li><li> De enzymoplossing moet eerst worden bereid. In een 50 ml buis ontbinden dispase (of collagenase) bij 1 mg / ml concentratie in DMEM...

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Er zijn verschillende kritische stappen tijdens het neurale differentiatieproces. Het is belangrijk dat de menselijke loketten pluripotent zijn omdat anders de cellen al voorgespannen richting van een niet-neuronale oorsprong. Dit wordt bevestigd door het kleuren van de menselijke loketten met antilichamen tegen pluripotentie markers zoals Oct4, SOX2, NANOG en Tra-1-60 1-3. Als de menselijke PSC&#39;s niet goed hechten na passage hen kan ROCK inhibitor (Y27632) worden toegevoegd om te helpen. Voor diegenen di...

Menselijke pluripotente stamcellen (PSC), zowel menselijke embryonale stamcellen (hESC &#39;) en geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen (iPSCs), de capaciteit om elk celtype in het lichaam, waaronder neuronen 1-3 genereren. Gerichte differentiatie van verschillende neuronale subtypes van menselijke PSC heeft de sleutel voor de toepassing van deze cellen in de regeneratieve geneeskunde. De productie van functionele neuronale subtypes tijdens ontwikkeling een complex proces, waarbij de inductie van neurale stam, de specificatie van regionale progenitors langs de rostro-caudale as en de differentiatie van post-mitotische neuronen types van de regionale progenitoren 4,5. Vanaf 2001 zijn er verschillende systemen opgezet om neurale afstamming genereren uit hESC &#39;s, die een platform hebben voor de volgende generatie van neuronale subtypes 6,7. Op basis ontwikkelingsprincipes verschillende types neuron zoals spinale motorische neuronen 8-12, midbrain dopaminerge neuronen 13-15, en neurale retinale cellen 16,17 zijn efficiënt opgegeven vanaf het menselijk PSC&#39;s. Dit werd gedaan door kritische morfogenen die belangrijk zijn voor de specificatie van deze types neuron tijdens in vivo ontwikkeling. Andere protocollen zijn ook ontwikkeld om de differentiatie van hESC &#39;via in neuronen met behulp van aanvullende factoren 18-20 zoals kleine moleculen of co-kweken met andere celtypen om differentiatie 21 bevorderen. De menselijke neocortex is sterk ontwikkeld en bevat vele soorten cellen, met inbegrip van glutamaat neuronen die een belangrijke rol bij het ​​leren, het geheugen en cognitieve functies 22,23 af te spelen. De eerste stap in het genereren glutamaterge neuronen in cultuur te geven telencephalic progenitorcellen. Yoshiki Sasai groep voor het eerst gemeld de gerichte differentiatie van telencephalic voorlopers van muis SER (mESCs) met behulp van een serum-vrij suspension kweken in aanwezigheid van Dkk1 (die remt Wnt signalering) en LeftyA (die remt nodale signalering) 24. Vervolgens hebben verschillende groepen waaronder ons rapporteerden ook de specificatie van telencephalic precursors uit humaan PSC in serumvrij medium 25-27. De generatie van telencephalic precursors van menselijke PSC vereist niet het gebruik van exogene morfogenen en de efficiëntie in het genereren van deze precursors is veel hoger dan van mESCs 26,27. Hier is een chemisch welbepaalde systeem voor neurale inductie die goed werd opgericht door de groep Zhang&#39;s 7 is beschreven. Zonder de toevoeging van exogene caudalizing factoren, dit protocol genereert efficiënt telencephalic voorlopers van menselijke PSC&#39;s 27. Deze voorlopers kunnen dan worden onderscheiden in dorsale of ventrale voorouders door het reguleren van de signalering van Wnt en sonic hedgehog (SHH). De dorsale voorouders kan verder differentiëren in glutamaat neuronen efficiently 27. Daarnaast heeft dit protocol werkt ook goed voor het genereren van glutamaat neuronen van menselijke iPSCs 28, waardoor het genereren van patiëntspecifieke neuronen die kunnen worden gebruikt om het werkingsmechanisme en potentiële therapieën voor een groot scala aan ziekten verkennen . Bovendien ons systeem biedt ook een platform voor de ontwikkeling en specificatie van diverse types neuronale in het telencephalon verkennen.

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagent</td>
			<td>Supplier</td>
			<td>Catalog #</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco's modified eagle medium with F12 nutrient mixture (DMEM/F12)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11330-032</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Knockout Serum Replacer</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10828-028</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine (200 mM)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Non Essential Amino Acids</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>1140-050</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Mercaptoethanol (14.3 M)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M-7522</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neurobasal medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21103-049</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N2</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17502-048</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B27</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12587-010</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3149</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-L-ornithine hydrobromide (polyornithine)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>116K5103</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminin (human)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L-6274</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminin (mouse)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>23017-015</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>Gemini</td>
			<td>100-106</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A-7906</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17105-041</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17104-019</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Accutase</td>
			<td>Innovative Cell Technologies</td>
			<td>AT104</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ROCK Inhibitor</td>
			<td>Stemgent</td>
			<td>04-0012</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SB431542</td>
			<td>Stemgent</td>
			<td>04-0010</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dorsomorphin</td>
			<td>Stemgent</td>
			<td>04-0024</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2, bFGF)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>13256-029</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin inhibitor</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17075</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.1% gelatin</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>ES-006-B</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Foxg1 antibody</td>
			<td>Dr. Y. Sasai</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoxb4 antibody (1:50)</td>
			<td>Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank</td>
			<td>I12</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pax6 antibody (1:5000)</td>
			<td>Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank</td>
			<td>PAX6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nkx2.1 antibody (1:200)</td>
			<td>Chemicon</td>
			<td>MAB5460</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tbr1 antibody (1:2000)</td>
			<td>Chemicon</td>
			<td>AB9616</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>vGLUT1 antibody (1:100)</td>
			<td>Synaptic Systems</td>
			<td>135302</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)</td>
			<td>PrepoTech Inc.</td>
			<td>450-02</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)</td>
			<td>PrepoTech Inc.</td>
			<td>450-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1)</td>
			<td>PrepoTech Inc.</td>
			<td>100-11</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cyclic AMP (cAMP)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D-0260</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonic hedgehog (SHH)</td>
			<td>R&amp;D</td>
			<td>1845-SH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 ml tubes</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson (BD)</td>
			<td>352098</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 ml tubes</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>352097</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 well plates</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353046</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24 well plates</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353047</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T25 flasks (untreated)</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353009</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T75 flasks (untreated)</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353133</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslips</td>
			<td>Chemiglass Life Sciences</td>
			<td>1760-012</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 cm Petri dishes</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353004</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>9'' glass pipetes</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>13-678-20D</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Steriflip filters (0.22 &mu;M)</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SCGP00525</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stericup filters 1,000 ml (0.22 &mu;M)</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SCGPU10RE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phase contrast microscope (Observer A1)</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>R2625</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbon dioxide incubator (Hera Cell 150)</td>
			<td>Thermo Electron Corporation</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biosafety hood (Sterilgard III Advance)</td>
			<td>The Baker Company</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge (5702 R)</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the specification of telencephalic glutamatergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells

Hier is een stapsgewijze procedure voor het efficiënt genereren telencephalic glutamaat neuronen van menselijke pluripotente stamcellen (PSC) beschreven. Het differentiatieproces wordt geïnitieerd door het breken van de menselijke loketten tot klonten die afgerond naar aggregaten wanneer de cellen worden geplaatst in een suspensiekweek. De aggregaten worden vervolgens gekweekt in medium hESC van dag 1-4 om voor spontane differentiatie. Gedurende deze tijd de cellen hebben het vermogen te worden elk van de drie kiembladen. Vanaf dag 5-8, werden de cellen in een neurale inductie medium te duwen in de neurale lineage. Rond dag 8 worden de cellen mag hechten op 6 well platen en gedurende welke tijd de cellen neuro vorm differentiëren. Deze neuro cellen kunnen worden geïsoleerd op dag 17. De cellen worden gehouden als neurosferen tot ze gereed zijn uitgeplaat op dekglaasjes. Met behulp van een basisch milieu, zonder enige caudalizing factoren, neuro-epitheliale cellen zijn specified in telencephalic voorlopers, die vervolgens verder kunnen worden onderscheiden in dorsale telencephalic voorouders en glutamaat neuronen efficiënt. Algemeen ons systeem een ​​hulpmiddel om menselijke glutamaat neuronen voor onderzoekers genereren om de ontwikkeling van deze neuronen en de ziekten die hen beïnvloeden bestuderen.

Hier een protocol differentiëren menselijke loketten in telencephalic glutamaat neuronen via verschillende belangrijke stappen: de vorming van aggregaten PSC, de inductie van neuroepitheliale cellen, de productie van telencephalic voorlopercellen, en de terminale differentiatie van deze stamcellen in telencephalic neuronen (Figuur 1) beschreven. Dit systeem is robuust en doeltreffend bij het genereren van telencephalic voorlopers en glutamaat neuronen. Als voorbeeld (figuur 2), zonder ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Deze procedure levert telencephalic neuronen door door checkpoints die vergelijkbaar zijn met die waargenomen in menselijke ontwikkeling. De cellen mogen spontaan differentiëren blootgesteld aan risicofactoren te duwen naar de neurale stam, geïsoleerd en uitgeplaat op dekglaasjes om voor terminale differentiatie en maturatie.

De Specificatie van Telencephalic glutamaat neuronen van menselijke pluripotente stamcellen

Here, a stepwise procedure for efficiently generating telencephalic glutamatergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has been described. The ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Efficient Derivation of Human Neuronal Progenitors and Neurons from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

Efficiënte Afleiding van de Mens Neuronale voorouders en neuronen van pluripotente menselijke embryonale stamcellen met op kleine moleculen Inductie

There is a large unfulfilled need for a clinically-suitable human neuronal cell source for repair or regeneration of the damaged central nervous system ...

A cGMP-applicable Expansion Method for Aggregates of Human Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells Derived From Pluripotent Stem Cells or Fetal Brain Tissue

Een cGMP-toepassing Uitbreiding Methode voor Aggregaten van menselijke neurale stamcellen en stamcellen afgeleid uit pluripotente stamcellen of foetaal hersenweefsel

A cell expansion technique to amass large numbers of cells from a single specimen for research experiments and clinical trials would greatly benefit the ...

Feeder-free Derivation of Neural Crest Progenitor Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Voedingsvrije Afleiding van neurale stamcellen uit humane pluripotente stamcellen

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have great potential for studying human embryonic development, for modeling human diseases in the dish and as a ...

Directed Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Geregisseerd Dopaminerge Neuron Differentiatie van menselijke pluripotente stamcellen

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta  (also known as A9 DA neurons) are the specific cell type that is lost in ...

Simple Generation of a High Yield Culture of Induced Neurons from Human Adult Skin Fibroblasts

Eenvoudige generatie van de cultuur van een hoog rendement van geïnduceerde neuronen van menselijke volwassen huid fibroblasten

Induced neurons (iNs), the product of somatic cells directly converted to neurons, are a way to obtain patient-derived neurons from tissue that is easily ...

Method for High Speed Stretch Injury of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Neurons in a 96-well Format

Methode voor hoge snelheid Stretch letsel van mens geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcel afkomstige neuronen in een 96-Wells-indeling

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major clinical challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of pre-clinical research, no proven ...

Post-differentiation Replating of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Neurons for High-content Screening of Neuritogenesis and Synapse Maturation

Na differentiatie Herbeplating van menselijke pluripotente stamcel afkomstige neuronen voor het screenen van hoge inhoud van Neuritogenese en Synapse rijping

Neurons differentiated in two-dimensional culture from human pluripotent stem-cell-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) represent a powerful model ...

Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors

Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors

Conversie van menselijke geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen (iPSCs) in functionele spinale en craniale motor neuronen met behulp van PiggyBac vectoren

We describe here a method to obtain functional spinal and cranial motor neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Direct conversion into ...

Analyzing Mitochondrial Transport and Morphology in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

Analyseren van mitochondrial transport en morfologie in de mens geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcel-afgeleide neuronen in erfelijke Spastische dwarslaesie

Neurons have intense demands for high energy in order to support their functions. Impaired mitochondrial transport along axons has been observed in human ...

Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Afleiding, expansie, cryopreservatie en karakterisering van hersenmicrovasculaire endotheelcellen uit door de mens geïnduceerde pluripotente stamcellen

Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) can be differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to develop ex vivo cellular models ...