Name: the specification of telencephalic glutamatergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells
Uploaded: 2013-04-14T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Gli autori desiderano ringraziare il Dr. Y. Sasai generosamente per fornire l&#39;anticorpo Foxg1. Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto dalle concessioni ricerca con le cellule staminali (Connecticut 08-SCB-UCHC- 022 e 11-SCB24) e della Fondazione Paraplegia spastica.

1. Generazione di aggregati umani di cellule staminali pluripotenti (D1-D4) <ol><li> Le cellule staminali pluripotenti sono coltivati ​​in fibroblasti embrionali di topo (MEF) alimentatori in presenza di terreno hESC supplementato con fattore di crescita dei fibroblasti (bFGF, 4 ng / ml). Dopo 5-7 giorni di cultura, quando le colonie sono grandi, ma ancora indifferenziati, sono pronti per il passo successivo. </li><li> La soluzione enzimatica deve prima essere preparato. In una provetta da 50 ml, sciogliere il dis...

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Res. 55, 223-233 (2006).</li><li>Watanabe, K., Kamiya, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Directed+differentiation+of+telencephalic+precursors+from+embryonic+stem+cells.">Directed differentiation of telencephalic precursors from embryonic stem cells.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 8, 288-296 (2005).</li><li>Watanabe, K., Ueno, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+ROCK+inhibitor+permits+survival+of+dissociated+human+embryonic+stem+cells.">A ROCK inhibitor permits survival of dissociated human embryonic stem cells.</a> Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 681-686 (2007).</li><li>Pankratz, M. T., Li, X. 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Ci sono diversi passaggi critici durante il processo di differenziazione neurale. È importante garantire che i PSC umani sono pluripotenti perché altrimenti le cellule possono già essere polarizzato verso diventare un non-lineage neuronale. Ciò può essere confermato dalla colorazione dei PSC umani con anticorpi contro marcatori pluripotenza come Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, e Tra-1-60 1-3. Se i PSC umani non attribuiscono molto bene dopo passaging di loro, inibitore ROCK (Y27632) può essere aggiunto per aiutare. ...

Le cellule staminali pluripotenti (PSC), includendo sia le cellule staminali embrionali umane (hESC) e cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte (iPSCs), hanno la capacità di generare ogni tipo di cellula del corpo, compresi i neuroni 1-3. Differenziazione diretta dei vari sottotipi neuronali da CSP umani è la chiave per l&#39;applicazione di queste cellule nella medicina rigenerativa. La generazione di funzionali sottotipi neuronali durante lo sviluppo è un processo complesso che coinvolge l&#39;induzione di lignaggio neurale, la specificazione dei progenitori regionali lungo l&#39;asse rostro-caudale, e la differenziazione di post-mitotici tipi di neuroni dai progenitori regionali 4,5. A partire dal 2001, i sistemi sono stati creati vari per generare discendenza da hESC neurale, che hanno fornito una piattaforma per la generazione successiva di sottotipi neuronali 6,7. Basato su principi di sviluppo, i tipi di neuroni diversi, come spinale motoneuroni 8-12, mesencefalo dopneuroni aminergici 13-15, e le cellule neurali della retina 16,17 sono stati efficacemente specificato da CSP umani. Ciò è stato fatto applicando morfogeni critici che sono importanti per la specifica di questi tipi di neuroni durante lo sviluppo in vivo. Altri protocolli sono stati sviluppati anche per promuovere la differenziazione delle hESC in neuroni utilizzando sia fattori addizionali 18-20 come piccole molecole o mediante co-coltura con altri tipi cellulari per promuovere la differenziazione 21. La neocorteccia umana è altamente sviluppato e contiene molti tipi di cellule, tra cui i neuroni glutamatergici che svolgono un ruolo importante per l&#39;apprendimento, la memoria e le funzioni cognitive 22,23. Il primo passo nel generare neuroni glutamatergici in coltura è specificare cellule progenitrici telencefalici. Gruppo Yoshiki Sasai primo riportato la differenziazione dei precursori telencefalici diretto da mouse CES (mESCs) con un siero privo suspension coltura in presenza di DKK1 (che inibisce segnalazione Wnt) nonché LeftyA (che inibisce nodale segnalazione) 24. In seguito, diversi gruppi tra cui i nostri hanno anche riportato la specificazione dei precursori telencefalici dal PSC umani nel siero terreno privo di 25-27. La generazione di precursori telencefalici da CSP umani non richiede l&#39;uso di morfogeni esogeni e l&#39;efficienza nella generazione di questi precursori è molto superiore a quella da mESCs 26,27. Qui, un sistema chimicamente definito per induzione neurale che è stato ben stabilito dal gruppo di Zhang 7 è stato descritto. Senza l&#39;aggiunta di fattori esogeni caudalizing, questo protocollo genera in modo efficiente precursori telencefalici dal PSC umani 27. Questi progenitori possono essere differenziate in progenitori dorsale o ventrale regolando la segnalazione di Wnt e sonic hedgehog (SHH). I progenitori dorsali possono ulteriormente differenziarsi in neuroni e glutamatergicafficiently 27. Inoltre, questo protocollo funziona bene anche per la generazione di neuroni glutamatergici da umano iPSCs 28, che consente la generazione di paziente-specifici neuroni che possono essere utilizzati per esplorare il meccanismo di azione e terapie potenziali per una vasta gamma di malattie . Inoltre, il nostro sistema fornisce anche una piattaforma per esplorare lo sviluppo e le specifiche dei diversi tipi di neuroni nel telencefalo.

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagent</td>
			<td>Supplier</td>
			<td>Catalog #</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco's modified eagle medium with F12 nutrient mixture (DMEM/F12)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11330-032</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Knockout Serum Replacer</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10828-028</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-glutamine (200 mM)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Non Essential Amino Acids</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>1140-050</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Mercaptoethanol (14.3 M)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M-7522</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Neurobasal medium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21103-049</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N2</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17502-048</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B27</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12587-010</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3149</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-L-ornithine hydrobromide (polyornithine)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>116K5103</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminin (human)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L-6274</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminin (mouse)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>23017-015</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>Gemini</td>
			<td>100-106</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A-7906</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17105-041</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17104-019</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Accutase</td>
			<td>Innovative Cell Technologies</td>
			<td>AT104</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ROCK Inhibitor</td>
			<td>Stemgent</td>
			<td>04-0012</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SB431542</td>
			<td>Stemgent</td>
			<td>04-0010</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dorsomorphin</td>
			<td>Stemgent</td>
			<td>04-0024</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2, bFGF)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>13256-029</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin inhibitor</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17075</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.1% gelatin</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>ES-006-B</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Foxg1 antibody</td>
			<td>Dr. Y. Sasai</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoxb4 antibody (1:50)</td>
			<td>Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank</td>
			<td>I12</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pax6 antibody (1:5000)</td>
			<td>Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank</td>
			<td>PAX6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nkx2.1 antibody (1:200)</td>
			<td>Chemicon</td>
			<td>MAB5460</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tbr1 antibody (1:2000)</td>
			<td>Chemicon</td>
			<td>AB9616</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>vGLUT1 antibody (1:100)</td>
			<td>Synaptic Systems</td>
			<td>135302</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)</td>
			<td>PrepoTech Inc.</td>
			<td>450-02</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)</td>
			<td>PrepoTech Inc.</td>
			<td>450-10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1)</td>
			<td>PrepoTech Inc.</td>
			<td>100-11</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cyclic AMP (cAMP)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D-0260</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonic hedgehog (SHH)</td>
			<td>R&amp;D</td>
			<td>1845-SH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 ml tubes</td>
			<td>Becton Dickinson (BD)</td>
			<td>352098</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 ml tubes</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>352097</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 well plates</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353046</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24 well plates</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353047</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T25 flasks (untreated)</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353009</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T75 flasks (untreated)</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353133</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslips</td>
			<td>Chemiglass Life Sciences</td>
			<td>1760-012</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 cm Petri dishes</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353004</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>9'' glass pipetes</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>13-678-20D</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Steriflip filters (0.22 &mu;M)</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SCGP00525</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stericup filters 1,000 ml (0.22 &mu;M)</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SCGPU10RE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phase contrast microscope (Observer A1)</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>R2625</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbon dioxide incubator (Hera Cell 150)</td>
			<td>Thermo Electron Corporation</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biosafety hood (Sterilgard III Advance)</td>
			<td>The Baker Company</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge (5702 R)</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the specification of telencephalic glutamatergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells

Qui, una procedura graduale per generare efficacemente telencefalici neuroni glutamatergici da cellule staminali pluripotenti (PSC) è stato descritto. Il processo di differenziazione è iniziato rompendo i PSC umani in ciuffi che completano fino a formare aggregati quando le cellule sono posti in coltura in sospensione. Gli aggregati vengono poi coltivate in terreno hESC da 1-4 giorni per consentire differenziazione spontanea. Durante questo periodo, le cellule hanno la capacità di diventare uno dei tre strati germinali. Da 5-8 giorni, le cellule sono posti in un mezzo di induzione neurale per spingerli nella discendenza neurale. Circa 8 giorni, le cellule vengono fatte attaccare su piastre da 6 pozzetti e differenziare durante i quali la forma neuroepiteliale cellule. Queste cellule possono essere isolate neuroepiteliale al giorno 17. Le cellule possono quindi essere mantenuta come neurosfere finché non sono pronti per essere piastrate su vetrini. Utilizzo di un supporto di base senza alcun fattore caudalizing, cellule neuroepiteliali sono spécifiéd in precursori telencefalici, che possono poi essere ulteriormente differenziate in progenitori telencefalici dorsali e neuroni glutamatergici in modo efficiente. Nel complesso, il nostro sistema fornisce uno strumento per generare neuroni umani glutamatergici per i ricercatori per studiare lo sviluppo di questi neuroni e le malattie che li riguardano.

Qui, un protocollo per differenziare PSCs umani in telencefalici neuroni glutamatergici attraverso diverse fasi fondamentali: la formazione di aggregati PSC, l&#39;induzione di cellule neuroepiteliali, la generazione di progenitori telencefalici, e la differenziazione terminale di questi progenitori in neuroni telencefalici (Figura 1) ha stato descritto. Questo sistema è robusto ed efficiente nella generazione dei progenitori telencefalici e neuroni glutamatergici. Come esempio (Figura 2),</str...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells at JoVE.com

The Specification of Telencephalic Glutamatergic Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Questa procedura produce neuroni telencefalici passando attraverso i punti di controllo che sono simili a quelli osservati durante lo sviluppo umano. Le cellule possono differenziarsi spontaneamente, sono esposti a fattori che li spingono verso il lineage neurale, sono isolati, e vengono piastrate su vetrini per consentire la differenziazione terminale e maturazione.

La specifica di telencefalici neuroni glutamatergici di cellule staminali umane pluripotenti

Here, a stepwise procedure for efficiently generating telencephalic glutamatergic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has been described. The ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Efficient Derivation of Human Neuronal Progenitors and Neurons from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

Derivazione efficiente di progenitori neuronali umane e Neuroni pluripotenti da cellule staminali embrionali umane con induzione piccole molecole

There is a large unfulfilled need for a clinically-suitable human neuronal cell source for repair or regeneration of the damaged central nervous system ...

Ricerca

Neuroscienze

A cGMP-applicable Expansion Method for Aggregates of Human Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells Derived From Pluripotent Stem Cells or Fetal Brain Tissue

Un metodo di espansione cGMP-applicabile per Aggregati di neurali umane staminali e cellule progenitrici derivate da cellule staminali pluripotenti o fetale tessuto cerebrale

A cell expansion technique to amass large numbers of cells from a single specimen for research experiments and clinical trials would greatly benefit the ...

Feeder-free Derivation of Neural Crest Progenitor Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Derivazione libero-Feeder della cresta neurale progenitrici Cellule pluripotenti da cellule staminali umane

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have great potential for studying human embryonic development, for modeling human diseases in the dish and as a ...

Directed Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Regia neuroni dopaminergici differenziazione da cellule staminali pluripotenti umane

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta  (also known as A9 DA neurons) are the specific cell type that is lost in ...

Simple Generation of a High Yield Culture of Induced Neurons from Human Adult Skin Fibroblasts

Semplice generazione di una cultura ad alto rendimento dei neuroni indotti da fibroblasti umani della pelle adulta

Induced neurons (iNs), the product of somatic cells directly converted to neurons, are a way to obtain patient-derived neurons from tissue that is easily ...

Method for High Speed Stretch Injury of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Neurons in a 96-well Format

Metodo per il pregiudizio elasticizzato ad alta velocità dell'essere umano ha indotto i neuroni derivati da cellule staminali pluripotenti in un formato a 96 pozzetti

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major clinical challenge with high morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of pre-clinical research, no proven ...

Post-differentiation Replating of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Neurons for High-content Screening of Neuritogenesis and Synapse Maturation

Replatazione post-differenziazione dei neuroni derivati da cellule staminali pluripotenti umane per lo screening ad alto contenuto di neuritogenesi e maturazione delle sinapsi

Neurons differentiated in two-dimensional culture from human pluripotent stem-cell-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) represent a powerful model ...

Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors

Conversion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs into Functional Spinal and Cranial Motor Neurons Using PiggyBac Vectors

Conversione di cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte dall'uomo (IPSC) in neuroni motore spinale e cranico funzionale utilizzando vettori PiggyBac

We describe here a method to obtain functional spinal and cranial motor neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Direct conversion into ...

Analyzing Mitochondrial Transport and Morphology in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

Analisi del trasporto mitocondriale e della morfologia nei neuroni derivati dalle cellule staminali indotte dall'uomo in paraplegia ereditaria

Neurons have intense demands for high energy in order to support their functions. Impaired mitochondrial transport along axons has been observed in human ...

Derivation, Expansion, Cryopreservation and Characterization of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Derivazione, espansione, crioconservazione e caratterizzazione di cellule endoteliali microvascolari cerebrali da cellule staminali pluripotenti indotte dall'uomo

Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) can be differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to develop ex vivo cellular models ...