Name: ex vivo method for high resolution imaging of cilia motility in rodent airway epithelia
Uploaded: 2013-08-08T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ex vivo Method for High Resolution Imaging of Cilia Motility in Rodent Airway Epithelia at JoVE.com

The project was supported by NIH grant U01HL098180 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute or the National Institutes of Health.

1.. Reagenser Setup 1.1 Dissektion and Imaging Medium Leibovitz L-15 medium (L15) er suppleret med FBS (10%) og penicillin-streptomycin (100 enheder / ml penicillin G natrium og 100 ug / ml streptomycin-sulfat) anvendes både under høst og billeddannelse af trachea prøver. 2.. Shallow Walled Culture Chamber Assembly Kammeret bruges til at holde luftrøret væv er vist i figur 1.. Gulvet i kamme...

<ol>
	<li>Stannard, W., O'Callaghan, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ciliary+function+and+the+role+of+cilia+in+clearance.">Ciliary function and the role of cilia in clearance.</a> J. Aerosol. Med. 19, 110-115 (2006).</li><li>Francis, R. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+initiation+and+maturation+of+cilia+generated+flow+in+the+newborn+and+postnatal+mouse+airway.">The initiation and maturation of cilia generated flow in the newborn and postnatal mouse airway.</a> American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 296, 1067-1075 (2009).</li><li>Aune, C. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+model+of+heterotaxy+with+single+ventricle+spectrum+of+cardiac+anomalies.">Mouse model of heterotaxy with single ventricle spectrum of cardiac anomalies.</a> Pediatric Research. 63, 9-14 (2008).</li><li>Tan, S. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heterotaxy+and+complex+structural+heart+defects+in+a+mutant+mouse+model+of+primary+ciliary+dyskinesia.">Heterotaxy and complex structural heart defects in a mutant mouse model of primary ciliary dyskinesia.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 117, 3742-3752 (2007).</li><li>Zhang, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Massively+parallel+sequencing+identifies+the+gene+Megf8+with+ENU-induced+mutation+causing+heterotaxy.">Massively parallel sequencing identifies the gene Megf8 with ENU-induced mutation causing heterotaxy.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 3219-3224 (2009).</li><li>Caruso, G., Gelardi, M., Passali, G. C., de Santi, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nasal+scraping+in+diagnosing+ciliary+dyskinesia.">Nasal scraping in diagnosing ciliary dyskinesia.</a> Am. J. Rhinol. 21, 702-705 (2007).</li><li>Leigh, M. W., Zariwala, M. A., Knowles, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Primary+ciliary+dyskinesia:+improving+the+diagnostic+approach.">Primary ciliary dyskinesia: improving the diagnostic approach.</a> Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 21, 320-325 (2009).</li><li>Delmotte, P., Sanderson, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ciliary+beat+frequency+is+maintained+at+a+maximal+rate+in+the+small+airways+of+mouse+lung+slices.">Ciliary beat frequency is maintained at a maximal rate in the small airways of mouse lung slices.</a> Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 35, 110-117 (2006).</li><li>Choe, M. M., Tomei, A. A., Swartz, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physiological+3D+tissue+model+of+the+airway+wall+and+mucosa.">Physiological 3D tissue model of the airway wall and mucosa.</a> Nat. Protoc. 1, 357-362 (2006).</li><li>Fulcher, M. L., Gabriel, S., Burns, K. A., Yankaskas, J. R., Randell, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Well-differentiated+human+airway+epithelial+cell+cultures.">Well-differentiated human airway epithelial cell cultures.</a> Methods Mol. Med. 107, 183-206 (2005).</li><li>You, Y., Richer, E. J., Huang, T., Brody, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Growth+and+differentiation+of+mouse+tracheal+epithelial+cells:+selection+of+a+proliferative+population.">Growth and differentiation of mouse tracheal epithelial cells: selection of a proliferative population.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 283, 1315-1321 (2002).</li><li>Thomas, B., Rutman, A., O'Callaghan, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disrupted+ciliated+epithelium+shows+slower+ciliary+beat+frequency+and+increased+dyskinesia.">Disrupted ciliated epithelium shows slower ciliary beat frequency and increased dyskinesia.</a> Eur. Respir. J. 34, 401-404 (2009).</li><li>Drummond, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studying+cilia+in+zebrafish.">Studying cilia in zebrafish.</a> Methods Cell Biol. 93 (08), 197-217 (2009).</li><li>Meijering, E., Dzyubachyk, O., Smal, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+for+cell+and+particle+tracking.">Methods for cell and particle tracking.</a> Methods Enzymol. 504, 183-200 (2012).</li><li>Sisson, J. H., Stoner, J. A., Ammons, B. A., Wyatt, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=All-digital+image+capture+and+whole-field+analysis+of+ciliary+beat+frequency.">All-digital image capture and whole-field analysis of ciliary beat frequency.</a> J. Microsc. 211, 103-111 (2003).</li><li>Schwabe, G. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Primary+ciliary+dyskinesia+associated+with+normal+axoneme+ultrastructure+is+caused+by+DNAH11+mutations.">Primary ciliary dyskinesia associated with normal axoneme ultrastructure is caused by DNAH11 mutations.</a> Hum. Mutat. 29, 289-298 (2008).</li><li>Shah, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+Bardet-Biedl+syndrome+proteins+alters+the+morphology+and+function+of+motile+cilia+in+airway+epithelia.">Loss of Bardet-Biedl syndrome proteins alters the morphology and function of motile cilia in airway epithelia.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 3380-3385 (2008).</li><li>Clary-Meinesz, C. F., Cosson, J., Huitorel, P., Blaive, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temperature+effect+on+the+ciliary+beat+frequency+of+human+nasal+and+tracheal+ciliated+cells.">Temperature effect on the ciliary beat frequency of human nasal and tracheal ciliated cells.</a> Biology of the Cell / under the auspices of the European Cell Biology Organization. 76, 335-338 (1992).</li></ol>

Measurement of cilia beat frequency (CBF) is relatively easy using high power microscope objectives and fast image acquisition hardware 13,15, and explains why CBF measurements form the basis of most studies investigating mucociliary clearance during health and disease. However, while CBF measurement is essential for understanding mucociliary clearance, measurement of CBF alone ignores the underlying importance of both ciliary generated flow and cilia beat waveform, both of which are more difficult to measure,...

Analyse af motile cilier funktion i luftvejsepiteler er eksperimentelt vigtig for at belyse de genetiske og miljømæssige faktorer, der kan påvirke mucociliary clearance og pulmonal sundhed 1.. Den enkle protokol udviklet til billeddannelse musen luftvejsepiteler giver en effektiv metode til at afhøre luftvejene cilia motilitet i mutant-og knockout musemodeller og kræver kun grundlæggende færdigheder i muse luftrør væv dissektion og ex vivo billeddannelse af luftvejs cilier motilitet med høj opløsning videomicroscopy. Denne protokol blev etableret og raffineret i en storstilet mus mutagenese skærmen for at give mulighed for hurtig evaluering af motile cilier funktion (cilier slagfrekvens, cilier slog form, cilier genererede flow) i mutanter med medfødt hjertesygdom er forbundet med heterotaxy 2-5. Aktuelle teknikker, der anvendes til at studere luftvejene cilier motilitet kan grupperes i enten akut ex vivo type eller longer sigt in vitro eksperimentelle tilgange. Akutte eksperimenter omfatter ex vivo visualisering af menneskelige næse / luftveje børste biopsier 6,7 og analyse af simple tværgående luftvejs § § 8. De in vitro metoder udnytter de forskellige cellekulturteknikker at generere ark differentieret cilieret epitheler såsom i luften væskegrænsefladen kulturer eller luftvejs suspension kulturer 9-11. Men disse luftvejsepiteler reciliation teknikker kræver meget betydelige investeringer i tid og uddannelse, før eventuelle brugbare cilierede epitelceller er produceret til eksperimenter (4-6 uger 9,10). Mens akut ex vivo analyse af luftvejs epithelial børste biopsier er almindeligt anvendt til kliniske undersøgelser i mennesker, er denne fremgangsmåde ikke anvendelig i musestudier grund forværret mekanisk vævsskade 12.. Teknikken er beskrevet i denne protokol til analyse af mouse trakeal luftvejsepiteler er ikke kun simpelt at udføre, men det kræver ingen særlige dissektion færdigheder eller nogen specialudstyr udover dem standard for billeddannelse ved videomicroscopy. Der er mange fordele ved denne enkle protokol. Først, når musen luftrør væv høst er hurtig og let at udføre, det giver mulighed for hurtig vurdering af luftvejs cilier funktion i et stort antal mus. Dette kan omfatte akut analyse af de kortsigtede effekter af forskellig in vitro-behandlinger. For det andet, er en ex vivo-teknik, den cilierede luftvejsepitel forbliver knyttet til det underliggende understøttende væv og dermed opretholde tilhørende celle signalveje. Derfor vil der i forhold til in vitro reciliated luftvejsepiteler er dette præparat en bedre repræsentation af det naturlige in vivo væv miljø. For det tredje, denne protokol giver mulighed for erhvervelse af en række forskellige kvantitative parametre, der kan give den objektive vurdering af motile cilier function. Endelig, i modsætning til andre nuværende metoder til luftvejs cilier visualisering, giver denne protokol til visualisering af cilier vinkelret på cilia slå retninger, så profil visning af cilier, som er optimalt for høj opløsning billeddannelse af cilier beat og metachronal frembringelse . Denne protokol kan ændres på en række måder at løse en bred vifte af eksperimentelle behov, såsom den rolle farmakologiske midler, genetiske faktorer, miljømæssige eksponeringer, og / eller mekaniske faktorer såsom slim belastning på luftvejs cilier funktion og produktion / vedligeholdelse af luftvejs cilier beat og metachronal bølgeudbredelse.

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name of the reagent</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalogue number</td>
 <td>Comments (optional)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Leibovitz's L-15 Medium </td>
 <td>Invitrogen </td>
 <td>21083-027 </td>
 <td>No phenol red </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Fetal bovine serum </td>
 <td>Hyclone </td>
 <td>SH30088.03 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Penicillin-Streptomycin </td>
 <td>Invitrogen </td>
 <td>15140-122 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>2x fine forceps </td>
 <td>Roboz </td>
 <td>RS-4976 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Dissection scissors </td>
 <td>Roboz </td>
 <td>RS-5676 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Micro dissection scissors </td>
 <td>Roboz </td>
 <td>RS-5620 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Scalpel </td>
 <td>Roboz </td>
 <td>RS-9801-15 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>P1000 pipetman </td>
 <td>Gilson, Inc </td>
 <td>F123602 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>P1000 tips </td>
 <td>Molecular BioProducts </td>
 <td>2079E </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>18 mm round glass cover slips </td>
 <td>Fisher Scientific </td>
 <td>430588 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Plastic 35 mm culture dishes </td>
 <td>Corning </td>
 <td>430588 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Glass bottom 35 mm culture dishes </td>
 <td>Warner Instruments </td>
 <td>W3 64-0758 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Silicone sheet 0.012" (0.3 mm) thick </td>
 <td>AAA Acme Rubber Co </td>
 <td>CASS-.012X36-63908 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>0.20 &mu;m diameter Fluoresbrite YG Carboxylate Microspheres </td>
 <td>Polysciences </td>
 <td>09834-10 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Inverted microscope, with 100x oil objective and DIC filters </td>
 <td>Lecia</td>
 <td>DMIRE2 </td>
 <td>Brand is not critical. </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>100-watt mercury lamp, epifluorescent FITC excitation/emission filters</td>
 <td>Lecia </td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Brand is not critical.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Microscope stage Incubator</td>
 <td>Lecia </td>
 <td>11521749 </td>
 <td>Not required if imaging cilia at room temperature</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>High-speed camera bright field </td>
 <td>Vision Research </td>
 <td>Phantom v4.2 </td>
 <td>Brand is not critical. Must be faster than 125 fps</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>High-speed fluorescent camera </td>
 <td>Hamamatsu </td>
 <td>C9100-12 </td>
 <td>Brand is not critical. Must be faster than 10 fps</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Movie analysis software</td>
 <td>National Institutes of Health</td>
 <td>ImageJ with MtrackJ plugin</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

ex vivo method for high resolution imaging of cilia motility in rodent airway epithelia

En ex vivo teknik til billeddannelse mus luftvejsepiteler til kvantitativ analyse af motile cilier funktion vigtig for indsigt i mucociliary clearance-funktion er blevet etableret. Friskhøstede mus luftrøret skæres på langs gennem trachealis muskel og monteret i en lavvandet walled kammer på en glas-bund fad. Luftrøret Prøven er placeret langs sin længdeakse for at drage fordel af den trachealis musklen til at krølle langs. Dette muliggør billeddannelse af ciliær bevægelse i profilbilledet langs hele luftrør længden. Videoer på 200 billeder / sek opnås ved anvendelse af differentiel interferens kontrast mikroskopi og en højhastigheds digitalt kamera til at tillade kvantitativ analyse af cilier slagfrekvens og ciliær bølgeform. Med tilføjelsen af ​​fluorescerende perler under billedbehandling, også cilier genereret fluidstrøm kan bestemmes. Protokollen tidsintervallerne omkring 30 minutter, med 5 min til kammeret forberedelse, 5-10 min for prøvemontering, og 10-15 min for videomicroscopy.

Kontrol luftveje cilia skal være klart synlig og set at slå på en koordineret måde (Supplerende Movie 1, filmafspilning er faldet til 15% realtid) med mærkbar strøm i retning af cilia beat (Supplerende Movie 2, filmafspilning er 100% realtid). Kvantificering af cilia film bør give resultater, der ligner den, der ses i figur 3.. Indsamling af high-speed DIC film gør det muligt at kvantificere cilia slå frekvens (figur 3C), og giver gode billeder...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ex vivo Method for High Resolution Imaging of Cilia Motility in Rodent Airway Epithelia at JoVE.com

Ex vivo Method for High Resolution Imaging of Cilia Motility in Rodent Airway Epithelia

An easy and reliable technique for visualizing and quantifying airway cilia motility and cilia generated flow using mouse trachea is described. This technique can be modified to determine how a wide range of factors influence cilia motility, including pharmacological agents, genetic factors, environmental exposures, and/or mechanical factors such as mucus load.

Ex vivo Metode til High Resolution Imaging af Cilia Motilitet i Rodent luftvejsepiteler

An ex vivo technique for imaging mouse airway epithelia for quantitative  analysis of motile cilia function important for insight into mucociliary  ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Ex vivo Method for High Resolution Imaging of Cilia Motility in Rodent Airway Epithelia

Neuronal Cell Cultures from Aplysia for High-Resolution Imaging of Growth Cones

Neuronal growth cones are the highly motile structures at the tip of axons that can detect guidance cues in the environment and transduce this information ...

Method for Culture of Early Chick Embryos ex vivo (New Culture)

Method for Culture of Early Chick Embryos ex vivo New Culture

The chick embryo is a valuable tool in the study of early embryonic development. Its transparency, accessibility and ease of manipulation, make it an ...

High-Resolution Video Tracking of Locomotion in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster

Flies provide an important model for studying complex behavior due to the plethora of genetic tools available to researchers in this field.  Studying ...

In vivo Imaging of Intact Drosophila Larvae at Sub-cellular Resolution

In vivo Imaging of Intact Drosophila Larvae at Sub-cellular Resolution

Recent improvements in optical imaging, genetically encoded fluorophores and genetic tools allowing efficient establishment of desired transgenic animal ...

A Novel Ex vivo Culture Method for the Embryonic Mouse Heart

A Novel Ex vivo Culture Method for the Embryonic Mouse Heart

A Novel<em&gt; Ex vivo</em&gt; Kultur Fremgangsmåde til Embryonale Mouse Heart

Developmental studies in the mouse are hampered  by the inaccessibility of the embryo during gestation. Thus, protocols to  isolate and culture individual ...

Spatiotemporal Mapping of Motility in Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intestines

Spatiotemporal Mapping of Motility in Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intestines

Spatiotemporal Kortlægning af Motilitet i<em&gt; Ex vivo</em&gt; Forberedelser af tarmene

Multiple approaches have been used to record and evaluate gastrointestinal motility including: recording changes in muscle tension, intraluminal pressure, ...

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3

En høj opløsning Metode til Monitor Phosphorylering-afhængige Aktivering af IRF3

The IRF3 transcription factor is critical for the first line of defense against pathogens mainly through interferon &#946; and antiviral gene expression. ...

High-resolution Time-lapse Imaging and Automated Analysis of Microtubule Dynamics in Living Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Høj opløsning Time-lapse Imaging og Automatiseret analyse af mikrotubulusdynamik i levende menneske navlestrengsveneendotelceller

The physiological process by which new vasculature forms from existing vasculature requires specific signaling events that trigger morphological changes ...

High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast

Høj opløsning Imaging og analyse af de enkelte Astral mikrotubulusdynamik i Spirende Gær

Dynamic microtubules are fundamental to many cellular processes, and accurate measurements of microtubule dynamics can provide insight into how cells ...

Ex Vivo Method for Assessing the Mouse Reproductive Tract Spontaneous Motility and a MATLAB-based Uterus Motion Tracking Algorithm for Data Analysis

Ex vivo metode til vurdering af musens reproduktive kanal spontan motilitet og en MATLAB-baseret uterus motion tracking algoritme til data analyse

Dysmenorrhea, or painful cramping, is the most common symptom associated with menses in females and its severity can hinder women&#39;s everyday lives. ...