Name: dry oxidation and vacuum annealing treatments for tuning the wetting properties of carbon nanotube arrays
Uploaded: 2013-04-15T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dry Oxidation and Vacuum Annealing Treatments for Tuning the Wetting Properties of Carbon Nanotube Arrays at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af Charyk Foundation og The Fletcher Jones Foundation under tilskud nummer 9.900.600. Forfatterne takker den Kavli Nanoscience Institute på California Institute of Technology for brug af nanofabrikation instrumenter, Molecular Materials Research Center i Beckman Institute på California Institute of Technology for brug af XPS og kontakt goniometer, og afdelingen for Geologiske og Planetary Sciences fra California Institute of Technology for brug af SEM.

1. Kulstof nanorør (CNT) Array Vækst <ol><li> Der fremstilles en siliciumskive med mindst en poleret side. Der er ikke noget specifikt krav om størrelsen, krystallinske orientering, doping type, resistivitet, og oxidlag tykkelse. Vi anvender typisk en &lt;100&gt; n-type silicium wafer doteret med phosphor, med en diameter på 3 inch, en tykkelse på 381 um, og en resistivitet på 5-10 Qcm. Normalt denne siliciumwafer har en termisk oxidlag med en tykkelse på 300 nm. </li><li> Hvis den fremstillede siliciumskive ik...

<ol>
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Vi anser UV / ozon behandling som den mest bekvemme oxidation teknik, fordi den kan udføres i luft ved en standard stuetemperatur og tryk i op til flere timer, afhængigt af længden af ​​CNT arrayet og kraften af ​​UV-strålingen. UV-stråling, frembringes af en høj intensitet kviksølvdamplampe ved 185 nm og 254 nm, bryder de molekylære bindinger på den ydre væg af CNT tillade ozon, omdannes samtidigt fra luft ved UV-stråling, til at oxidere overfladen. 26,27 oxidationsprocessen standses, når...

Indførelsen af syntetiske materialer med afstemmelige befugtningsegenskaber har muliggjort mange anvendelser inklusive selvrensende overflader og hydrodynamiske modstandsreduktion enheder. 6,7 Mange rapporterede undersøgelser viser, at med succes tune befugtningsegenskaber af et materiale, man være i stand til at variere sin overflade kemi og topografisk overfladeruhed. 8-11 Blandt mange andre tilgængelige syntetiske materialer, har nanostrukturerede materialer tiltrukket mest opmærksomhed på grund af deres iboende multi-skaleret overfladeruhed og deres overflader kan let funktionaliseret ved almindelige metoder. Adskillige eksempler på disse nanostrukturerede materialer indbefatter ZnO, 12,13 SiO2, 12,14 ITO, 12 og kulstof-nanorør (CNT). 15-17 Vi mener, at evnen til reversibelt at tune befugtningsegenskaber af CNT har sin egen kraft, idet de betragtes som et af de mest lovende materialer til fremtidig anvendelsetioner. CNT kan drejes hydrofile ved funktionalisere deres overflader med oxygenerede funktionelle grupper, der blev indført under en oxidation behandling. Til dato er den mest almindelige metode til at indføre ilt adsorbater til CNT de kendte våde oxidationsteknikker, der indebærer brug af stærke syrer og oxidationsmidler, såsom salpetersyre og hydrogenperoxid. 18-20 Disse våde oxidationsteknikker er vanskelige at skaleres op til industrielt niveau på grund af sikkerheds-og miljøspørgsmål og betydelig mængde tid til at fuldføre oxidation processen. Desuden kan et kritisk punkt tørring fremgangsmåde skal anvendes til at minimere virkningen af ​​kapillarkræfter, som kan ødelægge den mikroskopiske struktur og samlet justering af CNT arrayet under tørreprocessen. Tørre oxidation behandlinger, såsom UV / ozon og oxygen plasma behandlinger, tilbyde en sikrere, hurtigere og mere kontrolleret oxidation proces i forhold til ovennævntevådoxidation behandlinger. CNT kan gøres hydrofobe ved at fjerne de vedføjede dige funktionelle grupper fra deres overflader. Hidtil er komplicerede processer altid involveret i produktion stærkt hydrofobe CNT arrays. Typisk har disse arrays skal overtrækkes med ikke-befugtende kemikalier, såsom PTFE, ZnO, og fluoroalkylsilane, 15,21,22 eller pacificeret med fluor eller carbonhydrid plasmabehandling, såsom CF4 og CH4. 16,23 Skønt ovennævnte behandlinger er ikke alt for svært at blive skaleret op til industrielt niveau, er de ikke fortrydes. Når CNT udsættes for disse behandlinger, kan de ikke længere gøres hydrofilt ved at anvende almindelige oxidationsmetoder. Fremgangsmåderne præsenteret heri viser, at befugteligheden af CNT arrays kan indstilles ligefrem og bekvemt via en kombination af tør oxidation og vakuum annealing behandlinger (figur 1). Oxygendsorption og desorption processer fremkaldt af disse behandlinger er meget reversible på grund af deres ikke-destruktiv karakter og fraværet af andre urenheder. Derfor er disse behandlinger giver CNT arrays kan gentagne gange skiftes mellem hydrofil og hydrofob. Desuden er disse behandlinger er meget praktisk, økonomisk og let kan skaleres op, idet de kan udføres under anvendelse af kommercielt vakuumovn og UV / ozon eller oxygen plasma renere. Bemærk, at de vertikalt afstemt CNT arrays, der anvendes her dyrkes ved standard termisk kemisk dampudfældning (CVD) teknik. Disse arrays dyrkes typisk på katalysator overtrukne silicium wafer substrater i et kvartsrør ovn under en strøm af carbonholdigt precursor gasser ved en forhøjet temperatur. Den gennemsnitlige længde af arrays kan varieres fra nogle få mikrometer til en mm lange ved at ændre væksten tid.

<table border="1">
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td> Material Name</td>
 <td> Company</td>
 <td> Catalogue Number</td>
 <td> Comments (optional)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>Lindberg Blue M Mini-Mite tube furnace</td>
 <td>Thermo Scientific</td>
 <td>TF55030A</td>
 <td>1" tube furnace for CNT array growth</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>Electronic mass flow controllers</td>
 <td>MKS</td>
 <td>PFC-50 &pi;MFC</td>
 <td>Max flow rate of 1000 sccm </td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>Electronic pressure controller</td>
 <td>MKS</td>
 <td>PC-90 &pi;PC</td>
 <td>Max pressure of 1000 Torr</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>1" quartz tube</td>
 <td>MTI Corp.</td>
 <td>>EQ-QZTube-25GE-610</td>
 <td>1" D x 24" L</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>Hydrogen gas</td>
 <td>Airgas</td>
 <td>HY UHP200</td>
 <td>CNT array growth precursor gas, 99.999% purity</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>Ethylene gas</td>
 <td>Matheson</td>
 <td>G2250101</td>
 <td>CNT array growth precursor gas, 99.999% purity</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>Argon gas</td>
 <td>Airgas</td>
 <td>AR UHP200</td>
 <td>CNT array growth precursor gas, 99.999% purity</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>Silicon wafer</td>
 <td>El-Cat</td>
 <td>2449</td>
 <td>With 300 nm polished thermal oxide layer</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>Iron pellets</td>
 <td>Kurt J Lesker</td>
 <td>EVMFE35EXEA</td>
 <td>99.95% purity</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>Aluminum oxide pellets</td>
 <td>Kurt J Lesker</td>
 <td>EVMALO-1220B</td>
 <td>99.99% purity</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>E-beam evaporator</td>
 <td>CHA Industries</td>
 <td>CHA Mark 40</td>
 <td>For buffer and catalyst layer deposition</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>UV/ozone cleaner</td>
 <td>BioForce Nanosciences</td>
 <td>ProCleaner Plus</td>
 <td>For oxidizing CNT array</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>Oxygen plasma cleaner</td>
 <td>PVA TePla</td>
 <td>M4L</td>
 <td>For oxidizing CNT array</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>Vacuum oven</td>
 <td>VWR</td>
 <td>97027-664 </td>
 <td>For deoxidizing CNT array</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>SEM</td>
 <td>Zeiss</td>
 <td>1550 VP</td>
 <td>For CNT array growth characterization</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>XPS</td>
 <td>Surface Science </td>
 <td>M-Probe</td>
 <td>For surface chemistry characterization</td>
 </tr>
 <tr >
 <td>Contact angle goniometer</td>
 <td>ram&eacute;-hart</td>
 <td>Model 190</td>
 <td>For wetting properties characterization</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

dry oxidation and vacuum annealing treatments for tuning the wetting properties of carbon nanotube arrays

I denne artikel beskriver vi en enkel metode til reversibelt tune befugtningsegenskaber ved lodret kulstof nanorør (CNT) arrays. Her er CNT arrays defineret som tætpakket flervæggede kulstof-nanorør orienteret vinkelret på dyrkningsmediet som et resultat af en vækstproces ved standard termisk kemisk dampudfældning (CVD) teknik. 1,2 Disse CNT arrays udsættes derefter for vakuum annealing behandling for at gøre dem mere hydrofobe, eller for at tørre oxidationsbehandling for at gøre dem mere hydrofile. De hydrofobe CNT arrays kan drejes hydrofil ved at udsætte dem tørre oxidationsbehandling, medens de hydrofile CNT arrays kan drejes hydrofobe ved at udsætte dem for vakuum annealing behandling. Ved hjælp af en kombination af begge behandlinger, kan CNT arrays gentagne gange skiftes mellem hydrofile og hydrofobe. 2 Derfor, efter at kombinationen viser et meget stort potentiale i mange industri-og forbrugerprodukter,herunder drug delivery system og høj effekttæthed supercapacitors. 3-5 Nøglen til at differentiere befugteligheden af ​​CNT arrays er at kontrollere overfladekoncentration af oxygen adsorbater. Grundlæggende oxygen adsorbater kan indføres ved at eksponere CNT arrays til en oxidationsbehandling. Her bruger vi tør oxidation behandlinger, såsom oxygenplasma og UV / ozon, at funktionalisere overfladen af ​​CNT med oxygenerede funktionelle grupper. Disse oxygenerede funktionelle grupper tillader hydrogenbinding mellem overfladen af ​​CNT og vandmolekyler i form, hvilket gør CNT hydrofile. At gøre dem hydrofobe, skal adsorberet oxygen fjernes fra overfladen af ​​CNT. Her beskæftiger vi vakuum annealing behandling for at inducere oxygen desorptionsproces. CNT arrays med ekstremt lav overfladekoncentration af oxygen Absorbater udviser en superhydrophobic adfærd.

CVD-metoden beskrevet ovenfor resulterer i tæt pakkede vertikalt flugtende multi-walled CNT arrays med en typisk diameter, antallet af væggen, og inter-nanorør afstand på omkring 12 - 20 nm, 8-16 vægge, og fra 40 til 100 nm hhv. Den gennemsnitlige længde af arrays kan varieres fra nogle få mikrometer lange (fig. 6a) til en millimeter lang (fig. 6b) ved at ændre væksten tid fra 5 min til 1 time hhv. Typisk den lodrette justering er god til større længdeskala og nogle forviklin...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dry Oxidation and Vacuum Annealing Treatments for Tuning the Wetting Properties of Carbon Nanotube Arrays at JoVE.com

Dry Oxidation and Vacuum Annealing Treatments for Tuning the Wetting Properties of Carbon Nanotube Arrays

Denne artikel beskriver en enkel metode til at fremstille lodret kulstof nanorør arrays med CVD og efterfølgende tune deres befugtningsegenskaber ved at udsætte dem for støvsuge udglødning eller tør oxidation behandling.

Tør Oxidation og Vacuum Annealing Behandlinger for Tuning befugtningen egenskaber af kulstof nanorør arrays

In this article, we describe a simple method to reversibly  tune the wetting properties of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays.  Here, CNT ...

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Fabrication, Densification, and Replica Molding of 3D Carbon Nanotube Microstructures

Fabrication, fortætning og Replica Molding af 3D kulstof nanorør mikrostrukturer

The introduction of new materials and processes to microfabrication has, in large part, enabled many important advances in microsystems, lab-on-a-chip ...

Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers

Syntese og Funktionalisering af Nitrogen-doped kulstof nanorør Cups med guld nanopartikler som korkpropper

Nitrogen-doped carbon  nanotubes consist of many cup-shaped graphitic compartments termed as  nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups (NCNCs).  These ...

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

Finjustere størrelse og minimere støj Solid-state Nanopores

Solid-state nanopores have emerged as a versatile tool for the characterization of single biomolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins1. However, the ...

Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells

Ambient fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af et ionisk Gated kulstof nanorør fælles katode i Tandem organiske solceller

A method of fabricating organic photovoltaic (OPV) tandems that requires no vacuum processing is presented. These devices are comprised of two ...

Fabrication of Low Temperature Carbon Nanotube Vertical Interconnects Compatible with Semiconductor Technology

Fabrikation af lav temperatur kulstof nanorør Lodrette Interconnect Kompatibel med Semiconductor Technology

We demonstrate a method for the low temperature growth (350 &#176;C) of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) bundles on electrically conductive ...

Development of an Experimental Setup for the Measurement of the Coefficient of Restitution under Vacuum Conditions

Udvikling af en forsøgsopstilling til måling af Restitutionskoefficienten under vakuum

The Discrete Element Method is used for the simulation of particulate systems to describe and analyze them, to predict and afterwards optimize their ...

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

To-vejs valorisering af Blast Furnace Slag: Syntese af udfældet kalciumkarbonat og Zeolitiske Heavy Metal Adsorbent

The aim of this work is to present a zero-waste process for storing CO2 in a stable and benign mineral form while producing zeolitic minerals with ...

Precision Milling of Carbon Nanotube Forests Using Low Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy

Precision Milling af kulstof nanorør skove Brug Low Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy

A nanoscale fabrication technique appropriate for milling carbon nanotube (CNT) forests is described. The technique utilizes an environmental scanning ...

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Orienterende overgang i en flydende krystal udløst af den termodynamiske vækst af grænseflader

In liquid crystal (LC) physical chemistry, molecules near the surface play a great role in controlling bulk orientation. Thus far, mainly to achieve ...

Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Produktion og karakterisering af vakuum deponerede organisk lysemitterende dioder

A method for producing simple and efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on guest-host or exciplex ...