Name: synthesis and functionalization of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups with gold nanoparticles as cork stoppers
Uploaded: 2013-05-13T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers at JoVE.com

支持这项工作是由美国国家科学基金会职业奖第0954345号。

1。 CVD合成氮掺杂碳纳米管杯的（NCNCs） NCNCs合成采用化学气相沉积（CVD）技术在石英衬底使用液体前体（ 图1A）。 <ol><li>将一个3英尺长的一个Lindberg的/蓝色作为该反应室的管式炉中的石英管（2.5厘米）。将石英板（1“×12”）作为基片在管内产品的产品收集。密封的石英管中，用内置的气体和液体喷射连接/管，使用自制的不锈钢帽。 </li><li>使液体前体的溶液...

<ol>
	<li>Tasis, D., Tagmatarchis, N., Bianco, A., Prato, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemistry+of+carbon+nanotubes.">Chemistry of carbon nanotubes.</a> Chem. Rev. 106 (3), 1105-1136 (2006).</li><li>Hilder, T. A., Hill, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modeling+the+loading+and+unloading+of+drugs+into+nanotubes.">Modeling the loading and unloading of drugs into nanotubes.</a> Small. 5 (3), 300-308 (2009).</li><li>Shvedova, A. A., Kisin, E. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unusual+inflammatory+and+fibrogenic+pulmonary+responses+to+single-walled+carbon+nanotubes+in+mice.">Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice.</a> American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology. 289 (5), L698-L708 (2005).</li><li>Jia, G., Wang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytotoxicity+of+carbon+nanomaterials:+Single-wall+nanotube,+multi-wall+nanotube,+and+fullerene.">Cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials: Single-wall nanotube, multi-wall nanotube, and fullerene.</a> Environmental Science &amp; Technology. 39 (5), 1378-1383 (2005).</li><li>Carrero-S&#225;nchez, J. C., El&#237;as, A. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biocompatibility+and+toxicological+studies+of+carbon+nanotubes+doped+with+nitrogen.">Biocompatibility and toxicological studies of carbon nanotubes doped with nitrogen.</a> Nano Lett. 6 (8), 1609-1616 (2006).</li><li>Zhao, M. L., Li, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differences+in+cytocompatibility+and+hemocompatibility+between+carbon+nanotubes+and+nitrogen-doped+carbon+nanotubes.">Differences in cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility between carbon nanotubes and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes.</a> Carbon. 49 (9), 3125-3133 (2011).</li><li>Allen, B. L., Kichambare, P. D., Star, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis,+characterization,+and+manipulation+of+nitrogen-doped+carbon+nanotube+cups.">Synthesis, characterization, and manipulation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups.</a> ACS Nano. 2 (9), 1914-1920 (2008).</li><li>Zhao, Y., Tang, Y., Chen, Y., Star, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Corking+carbon+nanotube+cups+with+gold+nanoparticles.">Corking carbon nanotube cups with gold nanoparticles.</a> ACS Nano. 6 (8), 6912-6921 (2012).</li><li>Stephan, O., Ajayan, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Doping+graphitic+and+carbon+nanotube+structures+with+boron+and+nitrogen.">Doping graphitic and carbon nanotube structures with boron and nitrogen.</a> Science. 266 (5191), 1683-1685 (1994).</li><li>Suenaga, K., Johansson, M. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carbon+nitride+nanotubulite+-+densely-packed+and+well-aligned+tubular+nanostructures.">Carbon nitride nanotubulite - densely-packed and well-aligned tubular nanostructures.</a> Chem. Phys. Lett. 300 (5-6), 695-700 (1999).</li><li>Chen, H., Yang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synergism+of+C5N+six-membered+ring+and+vapor-liquid-solid+growth+of+CNx+nanotubes+with+pyridine+precursor.">Synergism of C5N six-membered ring and vapor-liquid-solid growth of CNx nanotubes with pyridine precursor.</a> J. Phys. Chem. B. 110 (33), 16422-16427 (2006).</li><li>Allen, B. L., Keddie, M. B., Star, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlling+the+volumetric+parameters+of+nitrogen-doped+carbon+nanotube+cups.">Controlling the volumetric parameters of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups.</a> Nanoscale. 2 (7), 1105-1108 (2010).</li><li>Liu, J., Rinzler, A. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fullerene+pipes.">Fullerene pipes.</a> Science. 280 (5367), 1253-1256 (1998).</li><li>Zhao, Y., Allen, B. L., Star, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enzymatic+degradation+of+multiwalled+carbon+nanotubes.">Enzymatic degradation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes.</a> J. Phys. Chem. A. 115 (34), 9536-9544 (2011).</li><li>Wang, Y., Bai, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-yield+preparation+of+individual+nitrogen-containing+carbon+nanobells.">High-yield preparation of individual nitrogen-containing carbon nanobells.</a> Mater. Lett. 63 (2), 206-208 (2009).</li><li>Heller, D. A., Mayrhofer, R. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concomitant+length+and+diameter+separation+of+single-walled+carbon+nanotubes.">Concomitant length and diameter separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes.</a> J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 (44), 14567-14573 (2004).</li><li>Allen, B. L., Shade, C. M., Yingling, A. M., Petoud, S., Star, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Graphitic+nanocapsules.">Graphitic nanocapsules.</a> Adv. Mater. 21 (46), 4692-4695 (2009).</li><li>Wang, Z., Shirley, M. D., Meikle, S. T., Whitby, R. L. D., Mikhalovsky, S. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+surface+acidity+of+acid+oxidised+multi-walled+carbon+nanotubes+and+the+influence+of+in-situ+generated+fulvic+acids+on+their+stability+in+aqueous+dispersions.">The surface acidity of acid oxidised multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the influence of in-situ generated fulvic acids on their stability in aqueous dispersions.</a> Carbon. 47 (1), 73-79 (2009).</li><li>Liu, H., Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+morphological+control+of+aligned+nitrogen-doped+carbon+nanotubes.">Structural and morphological control of aligned nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes.</a> Carbon. 48 (5), 1498-1507 (2010).</li><li>Mandumpal, J., Gemming, S., Seifert, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Curvature+effects+of+nitrogen+on+graphitic+sheets:+structures+and+energetics.">Curvature effects of nitrogen on graphitic sheets: structures and energetics.</a> Chem. Phys. Lett. 447 (1-3), 115-120 (2007).</li></ol>

我们的实验的主要目标是有效地产生氮掺杂碳纳米管的石墨纳米杯。但是，氮掺杂的CVD合成中并不能保证形成的叠层的杯形结构。根据该前体的化学成分和其他生长条件的不同，导致产物的形态可能有很大的差异，19氮源的浓度是影响结构的主要因素，因为中的氮原子的不相容性的的隔间结构的结果石墨晶格20，室的长度一般随着前体中的氮浓度减小。在较高浓度，横向分割层变?...

凭借其固有的内在的型腔和多功能的表面化学，中空的碳基纳米材料，如碳纳米管（CNTs），被认为是良好的纳米载体在药物传递中的应用。1,2但是，纯净的碳纳米管纤维结构，而无法 ​​进入空心内饰，并可能会导致严重的炎症反应，在生物系统中的细胞毒素的作用。3,4氮掺杂的碳纳米管，在另一方面，已被发现具有比未掺杂的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）5,6更高的生物相容性，并可能有更好的药物交付性能。掺杂的氮原子成的碳纳米管的石墨晶格的查询结果在一个隔间的中空结构，可以分离出与典型长度在200纳米下取得个人氮掺杂碳纳米管杯（NCNCs）的类似叠杯。7,8与他们访问的内部和氮功能，允许进一步的化学官能化，这些单个的石墨杯是非常有利的药物输送应用。 在不同的合成方法，包括电弧放电和直流磁控溅射，化学气相沉积的氮掺杂的碳纳米管（CVD法）是最普遍的方法，因为一些优点，如更高的产量和更容易控制碳纳米管的生长条件。普遍采用的气-液-固（VLS）生长机制了解CVD生长过程中氮掺杂碳纳米管11通常有两种不同的方案使用金属催化剂在成长的种子。在“固定床”计划，首先定义大小的铁纳米粒子与五羰基铁的热分解合成，然后镀上石英片旋涂后续CVD生长在“浮动催化剂”计划，铁催化剂（通常12二茂铁）混合，并注入与碳和nitrogen前体，和设置在原位生成的铁催化纳米颗粒上沉积的碳和氮前体的二茂铁的热分解。固定床催化剂，同时提供了更好的尺寸控制在得到的NCNCs，产物的产率通常较低（&lt;1毫克），较浮动的催化剂相同的前体的量和生长时间的计划（&gt; 5毫克）。由于浮动催化剂计划也提供了相当均匀的粒度分布的NCNCs，本文采用CVD合成NCNCs。 CVD方法能提供合成NCNCs的具有纤维形态包括许多叠杯。虽然没有相邻杯之间的化学键合，保持有效的隔离的各个杯13的挑战，因为它们被牢固地插入到对方的腔和持有的多个非共价相互作用的无定形碳和外层。8 ATTE的分离的层叠的杯的MPTS包括化学方法和物理方法。强酸的混合物中的氧化处理，同时削减碳纳米管引入氧的功能，13,14，它也可以被应用成较短的部分切NCNCs是一个典型的程序。微波等离子体蚀刻程序，还示出的分离NCNCs。15相比，化学方法，物理分离更简单。我们以前的研究表明，可以通过简单的打磨与迫击炮和杵个人NCNCs的部分分离从他们的层叠结构。7此外，高强度的探针尖端超声，据报道，有效地切断单壁碳纳米管（碳纳米管） 16也显示有显着的影响分离NCNCs 8提供高强度的超声波探头尖端超声功率的NCNC的解决方案，基本上是“抖”叠杯和扰乱弱INTERA的持有杯ctions。虽然其他潜在的分离方法是低效或破坏性杯结构，探针尖端超声提供了一个高效，成本效益和较少破坏性的物理分离方法来获得个人的石墨杯。 首先在浓H 2 SO 4 HNO 3 /酸混合物分离与探针尖端超声处理前处理，所合成的原纤NCNCs。将得到的分离NCNCs是高亲水性的，并有效地分散在水中。之前我们已经确定了氮功能，如胺基上NCNCs和利用它们的化学反应的官能NCNCs。7,8,17的塞上NCNCs的商业纳米粒子，在这项工作中我们先前报道的方法相比，黄金纳米粒子（国民生产总值）有效地锚定到杯子的表面用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸。由于轮辋NCNCs优惠氮的功能分布在开放，国民生产总值从黄金前体原位合成往往有更好的互动与开放式轮辋和形式国民生产总值的“软木塞”杯。这样的合成和官能化的方法导致一种新颖GNP的NCNC的的混合纳米材料的潜在应用价值的药物传递载体。

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Reagent Name</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalogue Number</td>
 <td>Comment</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>Reagents</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>H2</td>
 <td>Valley National Gases</td>
 <td>Grade 5.0</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ar</td>
 <td>Valley National Gases</td>
 <td>Grade 5.0</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ferrocene</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>F408-500G</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Xylenes</td>
 <td>Fisher Scientific</td>
 <td>X5-500</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Acetonitrile</td>
 <td>EMD</td>
 <td>AXO149-6</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>H2SO4</td>
 <td>Fisher Scientific</td>
 <td>A300-500</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>HNO3</td>
 <td>EMD</td>
 <td>NX0409-2</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>DMF</td>
 <td>Fisher Scientific</td>
 <td>D119-500</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ethanol</td>
 <td>Decon</td>
 <td>2716</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Phenol</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>P1037-100G</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Pyridine</td>
 <td>EMD</td>
 <td>PX2020-6</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Hydridantin</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>H2003-10G</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ninhydrin </td>
 <td>Alfa Aesar</td>
 <td>43846</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>HAuCl4</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>52918-1G</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sodium Citrate</td>
 <td>SAFC</td>
 <td>W302600</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>Equipment</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>CVD Furnace</td>
 <td>Lindberg/Blue</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>TEM (low-resolution)</td>
 <td>FEI Morgagni</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>TEM (high-resolution)</td>
 <td>JOEL</td>
 <td>2100F</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Probe-tip Sonicator</td>
 <td>Qsonica</td>
 <td>XL-2000</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>UV-Vis Spectrometer</td>
 <td>Perkin-Elmer</td>
 <td>Lambda 900</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Zeta Potential Analyzer</td>
 <td>Brookheaven</td>
 <td>ZetaPlus</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>EDX spectroscopy</td>
 <td>Phillips</td>
 <td>XL30 FEG</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

synthesis and functionalization of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups with gold nanoparticles as cork stoppers

包括许多杯形的石墨称为车厢氮掺杂碳纳米管杯（NCNCs），氮掺杂碳纳米管。这些合成的化学气相沉积（CVD）法的石墨纳米杯层叠在头对尾的方式，仅通过非共价键相互作用。可以分离出单个NCNCs它们的层叠结构，通过一系列的化学和物理分离过程。首先，合成NCNCs的氧化强酸的混合物中引入含氧的缺陷，石墨壁。然后采用高强度超声探针尖端有效地分离成单个的石墨纳米杯堆叠NCNCs处理氧化NCNCs的。由于其丰富的氧气和氮气的表面功能，导致个别NCNCs极强的亲水性，并可以有效地功能化金纳米粒子（国民生产总值），优先适合在开场的杯软木塞。这些石墨纳米杯塞住的国民生产总值可能会发现广阔的应用前景的纳米容器和药物载体。

作为合成的NCNCs从CVD增长出现黑材料的地毯，石英衬底上。重约数mg NCNCs厚的薄膜，得到由剥离用刀片（ 图1B）。在不同的放大倍数（ 图1）的合成NCNCs的TEM图像显示的形态。在较低的放大倍率（ 图1C），所合成的NCNCs的显示长度通常为几微米，直径为20 - 30nm的原纤维结构。与未掺杂的碳纳米管的连续管状结构，在NCNC纤维隔间有许多的杯形部分。高分辨率的TEM?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers at JoVE.com

Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers

我们讨论了个别石墨纳米杯的使用了一系列的技术，包括化学气相沉积，氧化和探针尖端的超声处理获得的合成。柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸<sub&gt; 4</sub&gt;石墨纳米杯，纳米金由于化学反应的杯子边缘有效地被塞住。

黄金纳米粒子作为软木塞氮掺杂碳纳米管杯的合成与功能构造

Nitrogen-doped carbon  nanotubes consist of many cup-shaped graphitic compartments termed as  nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups (NCNCs).  These ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Fabrication, Densification, and Replica Molding of 3D Carbon Nanotube Microstructures

制备，致密，副本三维碳纳米管微结构成型

The introduction of new materials and processes to microfabrication has, in large part, enabled many important advances in microsystems, lab-on-a-chip ...

科研

工程学

Dry Oxidation and Vacuum Annealing Treatments for Tuning the Wetting Properties of Carbon Nanotube Arrays

干式氧化及真空退火处理调整的润湿性能的碳纳米管阵列

In this article, we describe a simple method to reversibly  tune the wetting properties of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays.  Here, CNT ...

Ambient Method for the Production of an Ionically Gated Carbon Nanotube Common Cathode in Tandem Organic Solar Cells

对于一个以离子门控碳纳米管共阴极的串联有机太阳能电池的生产环境法

A method of fabricating organic photovoltaic (OPV) tandems that requires no vacuum processing is presented. These devices are comprised of two ...

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

合成和3D纳米石墨烯材料的功能化：石墨烯气凝胶和石墨烯宏组件

Efforts to assemble graphene into three-dimensional monolithic structures have been hampered by the high cost and poor processability of graphene. ...

Fabrication of Low Temperature Carbon Nanotube Vertical Interconnects Compatible with Semiconductor Technology

低温碳纳米管垂直互连的制作兼容半导体技术

We demonstrate a method for the low temperature growth (350 &#176;C) of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) bundles on electrically conductive ...

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent

高炉矿渣的双向稳定物价：沉淀碳酸钙和沸石重金属吸附剂的合成

The aim of this work is to present a zero-waste process for storing CO2 in a stable and benign mineral form while producing zeolitic minerals with ...

Precision Milling of Carbon Nanotube Forests Using Low Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy

碳纳米管森林精密铣床使用低压扫描电子显微镜

A nanoscale fabrication technique appropriate for milling carbon nanotube (CNT) forests is described. The technique utilizes an environmental scanning ...

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

在没有聚集的层状钛酸盐薄膜透明的层间金纳米粒子的原位合成

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

Controllable Nucleation of Cavitation from Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for Enhancing High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Applications

等离子金纳米粒子空化的可控核增强高强度聚焦超声应用

In this study, plasmonic gold nanoparticles were simultaneously exposed to pulsed near-infrared laser light and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ...