Name: 5/6th nephrectomy in combination with high salt diet and nitric oxide synthase inhibition to induce chronic kidney disease in the lewis rat
Uploaded: 2013-07-03T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about 5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat at JoVE.com

我们感谢克丽斯塔：书房Ouden为她出色的技术援助。这项技术是由荷兰肾脏基金会，授予C06.2174财政支持。支持MCV是由荷兰科学研究组织（NWO）VIDI补助016.096.359。

所有的实验都根据动物实验的伦理导向线的乌得勒支的实验动物委员会执行。该协议是作者的机构的动物护理和使用委员会的指导和批准下进行。 CKD是诱发雄性近交系Lewis大鼠（查尔斯河，Sulzfeld，德国）在8周龄。大鼠被安置在标准条件下，光，温度和湿度控制的环境中。 1。术前准备<ol><li>消毒手术器械： <ul><li> 1学生组织钳1-2齿12厘米</li><li> 1学生标...

<ol>
	<li>AS, G. o., Chertow, G. M., Fan, D., McCulloch, C. E., Hsu, C. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+kidney+disease+and+the+risks+of+death,+cardiovascular+events,+and+hospitalization.">Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 351 (13), 1296-1305 (2004).</li><li>Fleck, C., Appenroth, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Suitability+of+5/6+nephrectomy+(5/6NX)+for+the+induction+of+interstitial+renal+fibrosis+in+rats--influence+of+sex,+strain,+and+surgical+procedure.">Suitability of 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6NX) for the induction of interstitial renal fibrosis in rats--influence of sex, strain, and surgical procedure.</a> Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 57 (3), 195-205 (2006).</li><li>Griffin, K. A., Picken, M. M., Churchill, M., Churchill, P., Bidani, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+and+structural+correlates+of+glomerulosclerosis+after+renal+mass+reduction+in+the+rat.">Functional and structural correlates of glomerulosclerosis after renal mass reduction in the rat.</a> J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 11 (3), 497-506 (2000).</li><li>Kang, D. H., Kanellis, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+the+microvascular+endothelium+in+progressive+renal+disease.">Role of the microvascular endothelium in progressive renal disease.</a> J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 13 (3), 806-816 (2002).</li><li>Baylis, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nitric+oxide+synthase+derangements+and+hypertension+in+kidney+disease.">Nitric oxide synthase derangements and hypertension in kidney disease.</a> Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 21 (1), 1-6 (2012).</li><li>Bongartz, L. G., Braam, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transient+nitric+oxide+reduction+induces+permanent+cardiac+systolic+dysfunction+and+worsens+kidney+damage+in+rats+with+chronic+kidney+disease.">Transient nitric oxide reduction induces permanent cardiac systolic dysfunction and worsens kidney damage in rats with chronic kidney disease.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 298 (3), 815-823 (2010).</li><li>Fujihara, C. K., De N, G., Zatz, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+nitric+oxide+synthase+inhibition+aggravates+glomerular+injury+in+rats+with+subtotal+nephrectomy.">Chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition aggravates glomerular injury in rats with subtotal nephrectomy.</a> J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 5 (7), 1498-1507 (1995).</li><li>Fujihara, C. K., Sena, C. R., Malheiros, D. M., Mattar, A. L., Zatz, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Short-term+nitric+oxide+inhibition+induces+progressive+nephropathy+after+regression+of+initial+renal+injury.">Short-term nitric oxide inhibition induces progressive nephropathy after regression of initial renal injury.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 290 (3), F632-F640 (2006).</li><li>Dikow, R., Kihm, L. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+infarct+size+in+uremic+rats:+reduced+ischemia+tolerance?.">Increased infarct size in uremic rats: reduced ischemia tolerance?.</a> J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15 (6), 1530-1536 (2004).</li><li>Elrashidy, R. A., Asker, M. E., Mohamed, H. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pioglitazone+attenuates+cardiac+fibrosis+and+hypertrophy+in+a+rat+model+of+diabetic+nephropathy.">Pioglitazone attenuates cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy.</a> J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther. 17 (3), 324-333 (2012).</li><li>Haylor, J., Schroeder, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skin+gadolinium+following+use+of+MR+contrast+agents+in+a+rat+model+of+nephrogenic+systemic+fibrosis.">Skin gadolinium following use of MR contrast agents in a rat model of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.</a> Radiology. 263 (1), 107-116 (2012).</li><li>Moriguchi, Y., Yogo, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Left+ventricular+hypertrophy+is+associated+with+inflammation+in+sodium+loaded+subtotal+nephrectomized+rats.">Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with inflammation in sodium loaded subtotal nephrectomized rats.</a> Biomed. Res. 32 (2), 83-90 (2011).</li><li>van Koppen, A., Joles, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Healthy+bone+marrow+cells+reduce+progression+of+kidney+failure+better+than+CKD+bone+marrow+cells+in+rats+with+established+chronic+kidney+disease.">Healthy bone marrow cells reduce progression of kidney failure better than CKD bone marrow cells in rats with established chronic kidney disease.</a> Cell Transplant. , (2012).</li><li>Baylis, C., Corman, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+aging+kidney:+insights+from+experimental+studies.">The aging kidney: insights from experimental studies.</a> J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 9 (4), 699-709 (1998).</li><li>Szabo, A. J., Muller, V., Chen, G. F., Samsell, L. J., Erdely, A., Baylis, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nephron+number+determines+susceptibility+to+renal+mass+reduction-induced+CKD+in+Lewis+and+Fisher+344+rats:+implications+for+development+of+experimentally+induced+chronic+allograft+nephropathy.">Nephron number determines susceptibility to renal mass reduction-induced CKD in Lewis and Fisher 344 rats: implications for development of experimentally induced chronic allograft nephropathy.</a> Nephrol. Dial Transplant. 23 (8), 2492-2495 (2008).</li><li>Darling, I. M., Morris, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+"true"+creatinine+clearance+in+rats+reveals+extensive+renal+secretion.">Evaluation of "true" creatinine clearance in rats reveals extensive renal secretion.</a> Pharm. Res. 8 (10), 1318-1322 (1991).</li><li>Levey, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+renal+function+in+chronic+renal+disease.">Measurement of renal function in chronic renal disease.</a> Kidney Int. 38 (1), 167-184 (1990).</li><li>Myers, G. L., Miller, W. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recommendations+for+improving+serum+creatinine+measurement:+a+report+from+the+Laboratory+Working+Group+of+the+National+Kidney+Disease+Education+Program.">Recommendations for improving serum creatinine measurement: a report from the Laboratory Working Group of the National Kidney Disease Education Program.</a> Clin. Chem. 52 (1), 5-18 (2006).</li><li>Hostetter, T. H., Meyer, T. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+development+of+clearance+methods+for+measurement+of+glomerular+filtration+and+tubular+reabsorption.">The development of clearance methods for measurement of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 287 (5), F868-F870 (2004).</li><li>Koeners, M. P., Racasan, S., Koomans, H. A., Joles, J. A., Braam, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nitric+oxide,+superoxide+and+renal+blood+flow+autoregulation+in+SHR+after+perinatal+L-arginine+and+antioxidants.">Nitric oxide, superoxide and renal blood flow autoregulation in SHR after perinatal L-arginine and antioxidants.</a> Acta. Physiol. (Oxf). 190 (4), 329-338 (2007).</li><li>van den Brandt, J., Wang, D., Kwon, S. H., Heinkelein, M., Reichardt, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lentivirally+generated+eGFP-transgenic+rats+allow+efficient+cell+tracking+in+vivo.">Lentivirally generated eGFP-transgenic rats allow efficient cell tracking in vivo.</a> Genesis. 39 (2), 94-99 (2004).</li><li>Kreutz, R., Kovacevic, L., Schulz, A., Rothermund, L., Ketteler, M., Paul, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+high+NaCl+diet+on+spontaneous+hypertension+in+a+genetic+rat+model+with+reduced+nephron+number.">Effect of high NaCl diet on spontaneous hypertension in a genetic rat model with reduced nephron number.</a> J. Hypertens. 18 (6), 777-782 (2000).</li><li>Liu, Z. C., Chow, K. M., Chang, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+two+protocols+of+uremic+rat+model:+partial+nephrectomy+and.">Evaluation of two protocols of uremic rat model: partial nephrectomy and.</a> 25 (6), 935-943 (2003).</li><li>Griffin, K. A., Picken, M., Bidani, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+of+renal+mass+reduction+is+a+critical+modulator+of+subsequent+hypertension+and+glomerular+injury.">Method of renal mass reduction is a critical modulator of subsequent hypertension and glomerular injury.</a> J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 4 (12), 2023-2031 (1994).</li><li>Meyer, F., Ioshii, S. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laparoscopic+partial+nephrectomy+in+rats.">Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in rats.</a> Acta. Cir. Bras. 22 (2), 152-156 (2007).</li></ol>

手术切除5/6th Lewis大鼠肾的质量，再加上高盐饮食和临时NOS抑制剂导致的模型类似于人类CKD CKD，CKD的治疗干预的因果机制和疗效，并允许研究。 的5/6th肾切除模型是一个著名的和广泛的描述模型，用于CKD。然而，简单地删除5/6th肾质量不会导致立即肾功能衰竭大鼠品系。我们使用Lewis大鼠的影响进行研究基于细胞的疗法，在CKD的可用性GFP + Lewis大鼠21允许nonGFP跟踪管理?...

由于CKD的先进性，随后终末期肾脏疾病及相关心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率，是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题 。 CKD进展缓慢是一个主要的健康优先。由于慢性肾脏病的特点是复杂的动态平衡紊乱，综合性的动物模型是必需的研究开发和CKD恶化。肾脏由范围广泛的不同类型的细胞，彼此交互。这种复杂性，不能在体外模仿。 要研究新的治疗干预CKD中，我们使用的5/6th切除术烧蚀模型，一个著名的实验模型，进行性肾疾病，类似几个方面的人CKD 2,3。肾质量的毛利减少，导致渐进性肾小球和肾小管间质损伤，损失残肾和发展的系统性和肾小球内高压。这是与程序控制essive肾内毛细血管亏损4，炎症和肾小球硬化。危险因素CKD不约而同地影响内皮功能5。我们使用大鼠株（刘易斯），是比较耐CKD发展，因此，我们结合5/6th去除肾质量与一氧化氮（NO）枯竭6，7，8，高盐饮食9。抵达和驯化后，动物收到一氧化氮合酶抑制剂（L-NNA）一个为期4周的补充饮用水（20毫克/升），其次为右侧单侧肾切除（UNX）延续L-NNA两天后。一个星期后，在左侧肾切除（SNX）， 即去除肾质量分之二。 SNX后，动物被允许恢复为2天，然后再由20 mg / L的LNNA饮用水中的4个星期为一个周期。高盐饮食（6％），辅以地面州城（见时间线图1），继续在整个实验过程。 Ť他理由进行UNX的右侧，并在左侧的SNX是，肾血管长度的左侧，这使得它更易于访问未经拉伸的船只太多时身体外面的露出肾脏的肾。在文献中，模型是描述了其中的磁极的左肾首先被清除，UNX的右肾一个星期后10,11,12。在我们的手中，这个模型显示出更快速的发展，肾功能衰竭，也有更大的变化，肾功能丧失。通过测量血浆尿素，收缩压和蛋白尿，肾功能衰竭的进度之后随着时间的推移。通过SNX 6周后，肾功能衰竭发展，其特征在于由肾小球滤过率显着减少（69％）和有效肾血浆流量（62％）13高压（收缩压&gt; 150毫米汞柱），蛋白尿（&gt; 50毫克小时），轻度尿毒症（&gt; 10毫米）。病理特征包括tubul的邻间质损害反映炎症，肾小管萎缩，纤维化和局灶性肾小球硬化，导致残余人口健康肾小球内大量减少（&lt;10％）。 SNX显示随访，直到12周后进一步CKD进展，评价治疗干预的机会提供了一个窗口。

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-NNA</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>N5501</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spongostan dental: gel foam pads 1x1x1 cm</td>
			<td>Johnson&amp;Johnson</td>
			<td>Ms0005</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethicon Vicryl FS-2S naald 4/0 V392H p/36</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>V303H</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethicon Vicryl RB-1+ naald 5/0 V303H p/36</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>V392H</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine (0.3 mg/ml)</td>
			<td>Via local pharmacist ordered by Reckitt Benckiser pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td>unknown</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Student Tissue Forceps - 1x2 Teeth 12 cm</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools (FST)</td>
			<td>91121-12</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Student Standard Pattern Forceps</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>91100-12</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mayo Scissors</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>14010-15</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2X Semken Forceps</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11008-13</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Student Iris Scissors</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>91460-11</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Olsen-Hegar Needle Holder</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>12002-14</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

5/6th nephrectomy in combination with high salt diet and nitric oxide synthase inhibition to induce chronic kidney disease in the lewis rat

慢性肾脏病（CKD）是一个全球性的问题。 CKD进展缓慢是一个主要的健康优先。由于慢性肾脏病的特点是复杂的动态平衡紊乱，综合性的动物模型是必需的研究开发和CKD恶化。要研究开发在CKD CKD和新的治疗干预，使用5/6th切除术，消融模型，一个众所周知的实验模型，进行性肾疾病，类似人类CKD的几个方面。肾质量的毛利减少，导致渐进性肾小球和肾小管间质损伤，损失残肾和发展的系统性和肾小球内高压。它也与渐进肾内毛细管损失，炎症和肾小球硬化。 CKD总是危险因素对血管内皮功能的影响。为了模仿这一点，我们结合5/6th去除肾质量与一氧化氮（NO）的枯竭和高盐饮食。抵达和驯化后，动物重新ceive一氧化氮合酶抑制剂（NG-硝基-L-精氨酸）（L-NNA）补充饮用水（20毫克/升），一个为期4周，随后右侧单侧肾切除。一个星期后，一个肾切除（SNX）的左侧。 SNX后，动物被允许恢复两天LNNA饮用水中（20毫克/升）为进一步为期4周其次。高盐饮食（6％），辅以地面州城（见时间线图1），继续在整个实验过程。通过测量血浆尿素，收缩压和蛋白尿，肾功能衰竭的进度之后随着时间的推移。通过SNX 6周后，肾功能衰竭发展。使用&#39;黄金标准&#39;菊粉和对氨基马尿酸（PAH）的间隙技术测定肾功能。这种模式的特点是CKD的减少，肾小球滤过率（GFR）和有效肾血浆流量（ERPF），高血压（收缩压&gt; 150毫米汞柱），蛋白尿（&gt; 50毫克小时）和轻度尿毒症（&gt; 10毫米）。组织学特征包括炎症，肾小管萎缩，纤维化和局灶性肾小球硬化，导致残余人口健康肾小球内大量减少（&lt;10％）反映了肾小管间质损害。后续SNX显示，直到12周后进一步CKD恶化。

肾切除后，约六分之一肾总质量被留下。 图4显示了与前两次实验的平均值和标准偏差右肾切除部分的重量。每个人都应该记住，在UNX一周后，左肾肥大发生，这表明的重量，计算上在5/6th去除小于右侧肾脏的重量的结果总是需要被移除。然而，由于它是不可能的左肾在手术过程中确定权重，这是最准确的方法，以消除约5/6th的原肾质量。 随着时间的推移，CKD大鼠...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about 5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat at JoVE.com

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat

两阶段方法建立Lewis大鼠慢性肾脏病（CKD），通过手术取出肾质量5/6th描述。结合的外科手术过程中，一氧化氮合酶抑制和高盐饮食导致类似人类的CKD的模型，允许因果机制的研究和发展新的治疗干预。

5/6th联合切除术，高盐饮食和一氧化氮合酶抑制剂诱导Lewis大鼠慢性肾脏病

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global problem. Slowing CKD progression is a major health priority. Since CKD is characterized by complex derangements ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Analytical Techniques for Assaying Nitric Oxide Bioactivity

为含量测定一氧化氮生物活性分析技术

Nitric oxide (NO) is a diatomic free radical that is extremely short lived in biological systems (less than 1 second in circulating blood)1. NO may be ...

科研

医学

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

结合消融房颤左心耳封堵

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, affecting millions of individuals worldwide 1-3. The rapid, irregular, and ...

Spectral Karyotyping to Study Chromosome Abnormalities in Humans and Mice with Polycystic Kidney Disease

光谱核型多囊肾病的研究在人类和小鼠的染色体异常

Conventional method to identify and classify individual chromosomes depends on the unique banding pattern of each chromosome in a specific species being ...

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

在大鼠模型慢性营养输液

Chronic exposure to excessive levels of nutrients is postulated to  affect the function of several organs and tissues and to contribute to the  ...

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

血管功能在慢性肾脏疾病的评估

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this ...

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions

通过40W的Elvax缓释给药的大鼠视网膜：对慢性疾病的治疗

Diseases of the retina are difficult to treat as the retina lies deep within the eye. Invasive methods of drug delivery are often needed to treat these ...

Busulfan as a Myelosuppressive Agent for Generating Stable High-level Bone Marrow Chimerism in Mice

白消安作为骨髓抑制剂在小鼠生成稳定的高水平骨髓嵌合体

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is often used to replace the bone marrow (BM) compartment of recipient mice with BM cells expressing a distinct ...

Intravascular Delivery of Biologics to the Rat Kidney

生物血管内送货到大鼠肾脏

The renal microvascular compartment plays an important role in the progression of kidney disease and hypertension, leading to the development of End Stage ...

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

小鼠肾小球疾病模型肾脏功能的评价

The use of murine models to mimic human kidney disease is becoming increasingly common. Our research is focused on the assessment of glomerular function ...

Platelet-based Detection of Nitric Oxide in Blood by Measuring VASP Phosphorylation

板基检测血液中一氧化氮的 vasp 磷酸化

Platelets are the blood components responsible for proper blood clotting. Their function is highly regulated by various pathways. One of the most potent ...