Name: fabricating nanogaps by nanoskiving
Uploaded: 2013-05-13T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabricating Nanogaps by Nanoskiving at JoVE.com

这项工作是联合太阳能计划（JSP）Hyet太阳能基金会手背上Fundamenteel的Onderzoe​​k der质料的FOM，这是荷兰科学研究组织（NWO）的一部分。

1。制备块切片<ol><li>治疗技术等级3“硅片在空气等离子清洁，持续30秒，然后将其暴露在（十三1，1,2,2 -四氢甲基）三氯硅烷的蒸气一小时。 注意：这一步是必要的前步骤1.4，以防止环氧树脂附着到硅晶片。 </li><li>沉积一层金（通常为100 nm厚的，它定义了导线的宽度）通过特氟隆主站（即定义得到的线的长度为0.5毫米，1毫米，或1.5毫米）到预处理过的硅晶片上。 </li><li>量在整个?...

<ol>
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在本文中，我们展示的制造使用nanoskiving纳隙结构。这个实验简单的方法，使生产的纳米结构，在一秒钟的速度，所有三个维度的控制权。的差距大小是由铝和银的结合要么牺牲层或二硫醇（它提供了一个决议作为一个小）自组装单分子膜。纳米结构可被定位在任意衬底上的手，和它们直接电寻址，这是一个唯一的属性nanoskiving的。这项技术也产生高度均匀的结构，但是，敏感的振​​动，从而改...

本文详细介绍了制造电寻址，高宽比黄金纳米线使用单纳米真空间隙分离沉积铝和银作为牺牲隔离层的空白&gt; 5 nm和自组装单分子膜（SAMS）alkanedithiols小的差距为1.7 nm。我们制作了这些纳米结构没有一个干净的房间或切片边缘光刻称为nanoskiving的一种形式，使用超薄切片机，牺牲间隔物隔开黄金夹层结构的任何光刻工艺。1-3此方法的组合沉积薄金属电影和使用超薄切片机切片。主升压在nanoskiving的切片超薄切片，用超薄切片机配备有钻石刀，其安装在装满水的产生是〜30nm的薄板坯的小船。广泛用于ultramicrotomes薄的样品用于制备具有光学成像，或选择罗恩显微镜和许多最有经验的从业者来自生物或医学背景的超薄切片。有几种方法包括机械破发路口，4电子束光刻5，电化学电镀，6，7电迁移，聚焦离子束光刻，9影子蒸发，10扫描探针和原子力显微镜，11线光刻制造nanogaps ，12和13分子的统治者。所有这些方法都有自己的特点和应用，但生产和寻址nanogaps有用的电话号码，并精确控制尺寸的差距仍然是一个挑战。此外，这些方法具有运行费用高，它们仅限于类的材料，可以生存的蚀刻工艺，在分辨率是有限的。 Nanoskiving使的快速制造电寻址纳米线的spacinGS的单纳米板凳上顶。我们感兴趣的是快速原型纳米结构的分子电子学，纳米制造电极技术不需要专门或耗时14块一次，它可以产生数百成千上万的纳米结构（连续）的需求。然而，这项技术不仅限于自组装膜或分子电子学，是一种通用的方法制备两种纳米结构之间的间隙。在本文中我们使用银，铝，和自组装膜作为牺牲层，以产生不同大小的金纳米线之间的间隙，但该方法并不限于这些材料（或金属纳米线）。电线挑地方，带磁性对齐兼容，因此，他们可以放在任意基板的nanoskiving 15的另一个优势是，它可以提供所有三个维度的控制权。在基板的地形（X），由样品的尺寸沉积膜（Y）和生产的超薄切片机（Z）的板坯的厚度的厚度。 图1总结了用于生产纳米线与所定义的间隔的步骤。黄金功能（1-2毫米长）通过蒸发沉积，通过聚四氟乙烯掩模到硅基片上。 （电子显微镜epofix版）环氧预聚物倒入覆盖金时，环氧树脂固化后，环氧树脂被从晶片分离（ 即通过模板剥离）的功能，在整个晶片，黄金功能保持粘附到环氧。对于金属牺牲层，铝或银的蒸发所需厚度通过聚四氟乙烯掩模的一个偏移量为200 - 500微米以上的金功能。要分5纳米的差距，形成一个SAM淹没黄金的功能，在适当的硫醇过夜1毫米的乙醇溶液。通过放置在特氟隆荫罩淀积金（或其它金属）的第二组金功能（覆盖在银，铝或SAM）的第一层，其偏移量为200 - 500μm的相对于第一蒸发。此偏移量将最终确定的最长尺寸的间隙，并用微型嵌入环氧树脂中的切片的整个结构的前标尺，它可以精确地测量。然后，整个结构被嵌入在一个块中的环氧树脂，然后用超薄切片机切片可能准备好。采样臂持有制备的块作为钻石刀朝它的进步，在控制步骤，将板坯的厚度定义。将得到的部分浮在水面上的小船。

<table border="1">
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Reagent/Material</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Epofix epoxy resin </td>
 <td> Electron Microscopy </td>
 <td> 1232 </td>
 <td> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td> Sciences </td>
 <td> </td>
 <td> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Gold </td>
 <td> Schone Edelmetaal B.V</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Aluminum </td>
 <td> Umicore Materials AG </td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Silver </td>
 <td> Umicore Materials AG </td>
 <td> </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>(tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2, </td>
 <td> ABCR GmbH co.KG</td>
 <td> 78560-45-9 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>-tetrahydrooctyl) </td>
 <td> </td>
 <td> </td>
 <td> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>trichlorosilane </td>
 <td></td>
 <td> </td>
 <td> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>,12-dodecanedithiol </td>
 <td> Home-synthesised </td>
 <td> </td>
 <td>According to: Akkerman et. al., Nature. 441, 69-72 (2006)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>,14-tetradecanedithiol </td>
 <td> synthesized in house </td>
 <td> </td>
 <td> According to: Akkerman et. al., Nature. 441, 69-72 (2006)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>,16-hexadecanedithiol </td>
 <td> synthesized in house </td>
 <td> </td>
 <td>According to: Akkerman et. al., Nature. 441, 69-72 (2006)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Equipment</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Thermal deposition system </td>
 <td> home-built </td>
 <td> </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ultramicrotome </td>
 <td> Leica Microsystems </td>
 <td> </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Dimanod knife ultra 35 </td>
 <td> Diatome </td>
 <td> DU3540</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Dimanod knife ultra 45 </td>
 <td> Scimed GMBH </td>
 <td> </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Scanning electron microscope </td>
 <td> JOEL </td>
 <td> </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Source meter </td>
 <td> Keithley </td>
 <td> </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Table 1. Tables of Specific Reagents and Equipment.</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

fabricating nanogaps by nanoskiving

有几种方法制造与控制间距nanogaps，但在两个电极之间，并产生在实际数量亚纳米间距的精确的控制仍然是具有挑战性的。 ，使用nanoskiving，这是一种形式的边缘光刻，纳隙电极的制备是一个快速，简单和强大的技术。这种方法是完全是机械的过程，其中不包括任何照片或电子束光刻步骤，并且不需要任何特殊的设备或基础设施，例如无尘室。 Nanoskiving用于制造电寻址nanogaps与所有三个维度的控制权，这些结构定义的最小尺寸牺牲层（Al或Ag）或自组装单分子膜的厚度。这些电线可以被手动定位在运输上的水珠，并直接电寻址，没有进一步的光刻技术需要将它们连接到一个静电。

我们准备将两个金属牺牲层作为间隔：铝和银纳隙结构。我们铭刻这些层获得所需的厚度差距。 “协议”一节中所描述的，切片后暴露结构含银的氧等离子体，和那些含有铝HCl水溶液， 图2所示的扫描电子显微照片（中小型企业），所得到的纳米线，纳米级的分离。在这两种情况下，差距清晰可见，直接测量。为了获得小于3纳米的差距，我们采用自组装单分子层1,12 - dodecanedithiol的?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabricating Nanogaps by Nanoskiving at JoVE.com

Fabricating Nanogaps by Nanoskiving

电寻址，高纵横比（&gt; 1000:1）制造金属纳米线的差距可以使用铝和银的牺牲层自组装单分子膜为模板的单纳米分离。这些纳隙结构没有一个干净的房间或任何边缘光刻称为nanoskiving的的一种形式由光或电子束光刻工艺制作。

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Giant vesicles obtained from phospholipids and copolymers can be exploited in different applications: controlled and targeted drug delivery, biomolecular ...