Name: microwave photonics systems based on whispering-gallery-mode resonators
Uploaded: 2013-08-05T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators at JoVE.com

YCK承认通过项目NextPhase欧洲研究委员会（ERC STG 278616）的财政支持。作者也承认从中心国家D&#39;空间研究 （法国国家空间研究中心，法国）通过项目SHYRO（动作R＆T R-S10/LN-0001-004/DA：10076201）的支持，从ANR项目ORA（BLAN 031202），从地区德弗朗什-孔泰 ，法国。

该协议包括5个主要的阶段：在第一个，回音壁模式谐振器。为了控制的进展的谐振器的研磨，表面状态的测量被进行。在第三阶段，我们制造的工具，将推出光在谐振器。一旦这两个主要工具的制造，我们用它们来可视光的高Q值谐振。最后，用一个高功率的输入激光束时，谐振器的行为以非线性方式产生克尔梳。 1。抛光谐振器在此阶段，光学窗?...

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此协议允许生产高Q值的光学谐振器，光耦合到他们，并引发各种微波光子学应用的非线性现象。 粗磨的第一步骤中，应该给它的形状为谐振器。与10微米的研磨粉，研磨在一个小时后，应该是方便的谐振器的一侧的边缘形（见方案2）。下面的步骤中的谐振器的表面平滑，并达到1微米直径的研磨粉的阶段时，其表面应该是透明的。这就是所谓的光学抛光。?...

回音壁模式谐振器是微型或毫米波半径1,2,3,4磁盘或领域。 ，谐振器几乎是完美的形（纳米尺寸的表面粗糙度），激光可能会被困在它的本征模，通常被称为的回音壁模式下（WGMS）通过全内反射。他们的自由光谱范围（或联运频率）可以从GHz的太赫兹谐振器的半径取决于不同，而他们的品质因数 Q可以是非常高的，从10月7日至10月11日。由于其独特的属性，储存和放慢光线，WGM光学谐振器已用于执行许多光信号处理的任务3：滤波，放大，时间拖延等 。随着制造技术的不断提高，其前所未有的品质因素使它们适合更苛刻的应用，计量或定量6-13 UM基于应用。 在这些超高Q值谐振器，体积小，禁闭，光子密度高，光子寿命长的（比例为Q）诱发很强的光与物质的相互作用，这可能会激发各种WGMS通过各种非线性效应，如克尔，拉曼布里渊例如14-19。在回音壁模式谐振器使用非线性现象提出了一个很有前途的超纯水微波和光波产生的范式转变。事实上，这个话题相交这么多领域的基础科学和技术是一个明确的指标，它具有极强的潜在影响广泛的学科。尤其是，航空航天以及通讯工程技术是目前需要特殊的连贯性，多功能微波和光波信号。 WGM技术超过现有或其他潜在的方法有几个优点：概念简单，Higher鲁棒性，较小的功耗，更长的使用寿命，抗干扰性，体积非常紧凑，频率的多功能性，易于芯片的集成度，以及强大的微波和光波技术的主流标准光子元件整合潜力。 在航天工程中，石英振荡器两个导航系统（飞机，卫星，宇宙飞船等 ）和检测系统（雷达，传感器等 ）作为主要的微波源占绝对主导地位。然而，它被一致认可的今天，石英振荡器的频率稳定性能达到地板，并不会显着提高了。在同一直线上，它们的频率是有限的，通用性，因此难以使超稳定的超过40 GHz的微波产生。微波光子振荡器的预期来克服这些限制。另一方面，在通信工程，微波光子IC振荡器预计也将在光通信网络的关键组成部分，在那里他们将执行以前所未有的效率光波/微波转换。他们还与光波技术的紧凑型全光学元件持续的趋势，这使超高速处理[上/下变频，（德）调制，放大，复用，混合等 ，而无需操纵大规模（然后，缓慢）的电子。这个概念的紧凑型光子光子控制电路中通过非线性介质光子旨在规避源于与有限的光电处理速度几乎无限的光带宽瓶颈。光通信系统也非常苛刻的超低相位噪声微波炉，以满足两个时钟（低相位噪声相当于低抖动）和带宽（比特率增加的时钟频率成比例）的要求。事实上，在高速COMMUNication网络，这种超稳定的振荡器用于多种用途（上/下变频的本地振荡器，网络同步，载波合成等 ）的基本的引用。 WGM谐振器中的非线性现象的研究打开新的视野，为其他的应用，如拉曼和布里渊激光器。更一般地，这些现象都可以被合并在从更宽的视野光学腔与波导中的非线性现象，它是一种结晶或硅光子卓有成效的范例。强有力的约束和很长的使用寿命光子进入圆环WGMS还提供了一个优异的测试台进行调查，凝聚态物理和量子物理的基本问题。比赛不断增加电磁信号的准确性，也有助于回答典型的物理问题，涉及到相对论（洛伦兹不变性测试），或一个基本物理常数的测量ND他们可能随时间的变化。 在这篇文章中，获得晶体的光学回音壁模式（WGM）谐振器所需的不同步骤的描述和他们的定性解释。协议还提出，获得高品质的锥形光纤需要夫妇到这些谐振器的激光。最后，这些谐振器在微波光子学领域，即超稳定产生微波，采用克尔梳子，一个旗舰应用程序介绍和讨论。 在第一部分中，我们详细的协议遵循，获得超高 Q WGM谐振器。我们的方法依赖于研磨和抛光的方法，这让人联想到用来打磨，比如镜头或望远镜反射镜的光学元件的标准技术。第二部分专门用于表征表面粗糙度。我们使用一种非接触式白光干涉轮廓仪测量表面ŗ从而导致表面散射引起的损失，从而降低Q因子性能oughness。此步骤是一个重要的实验测试，以评估质量的抛光。与制造有关的第三部分，以发射光在共振器中的纤维直径在微米范围的锥形二氧化硅。要达到这样的小直径，我们采用“刷牙火焰”技术，同时使用计算机控制的电机，除了拉光纤，喷灯加热纤维面积圆锥20。在第四部分中，彼此接近的谐振器和锥形光纤的使用波长扫描激光的回音壁模式以可视化的共振信号。我们表明在第五部分，通过在共振器中的光功率增加，如何管理触发非线性现象，直到我们观察到克尔光学频率梳的形成，用频谱等距的谱线。由于电子以上mphasized，这些科尔梳光谱具有特殊的特点，是适合一些应用科学和技术21-23。我们会考虑WGM谐振器最值得关注的应用之一通过展示多波长光信号，其联运是一个超稳定的微波频率。

<table border="1">
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td> Material Name</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 </tr>
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 <td>Step motors 50 mm course</td>
 <td>Thorlabs</td>
 </tr>
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 <td>3 axis nanostage</td>
 <td>Physik Instrumente</td>
 </tr>
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 <td>TUNICS tunable laser source</td>
 <td>Yenista</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Optical spectrum analyzer APEX</td>
 <td>APEX Technologies</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

microwave photonics systems based on whispering-gallery-mode resonators

微波光子系统从根本上依赖微波和光信号之间的相互作用。这些系统是非常有前途的技术和应用科学的各个领域，如航空航天与通信工程，传感，计量，非线性光子学和量子光学。在这篇文章中，我们提出了在我们的实验室中使用的主要技术，建立基于超高 Q回音壁模式谐振器的微波光子系统。在本文中详述首先是谐振器的抛光，这是基于用于抛光透镜望远镜的反射镜等光学部件的研磨和抛光技术的协议。然后，白光干涉轮廓仪测量表面粗糙度，这是一个关键的参数来表征的抛光质量。为了启动光在共振器中，一个锥形的二氧化硅纤维直径在微米范围被使用。要达到这样的小直径，我们采用“刷牙火焰”技术，同时使用计算机控制的电机，除了拉光纤，喷灯加热纤维面积锥形。谐振器和锥形光纤后来走近彼此以可视化的回音壁模式使用的波长扫描激光共振信号。通过增加的谐振器中的光功率，非线性现象被触发的克尔光学频率梳，直到形成等距的谱线的光谱观察。这些克尔梳光谱有特殊的特点，是适合在科学和技术的几个应用程序。我们认为超稳定的微波频率合成和应用，展示了一代克尔GHz的联运频率梳。

这五个步骤的协议能够获得WGM谐振器的微波光子的应用具有非常高的品质因素。 第一个步骤的目的是给到谐振器所要求的形状，表示方案2。这里的主要困难是生产磁盘，其边缘不够锐利，这样就可以强烈被困光子限制，而导致结构脆弱，从机械的角度来看。这种抛光塔也具有非凡的功能，因为它允许研磨磁盘的大小，形状和散装材料具有很大的可变性。 <p cla...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators at JoVE.com

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators

定制的技术建立在我们的实验室开发的基于超高Q回音壁模式谐振器的微波光子系统。详细协议，以取得和表征这些谐振，和他们的一些应用在微波光子学的解释。

基于微波光子系统回音壁模式谐振器

Microwave photonics systems rely fundamentally on the interaction between microwave and optical signals. These systems are extremely promising for various ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Development of Whispering Gallery Mode Polymeric Micro-optical Electric Field Sensors

回音壁模式聚合物微光学电场传感器的发展

Optical modes of dielectric micro-cavities have received significant attention in recent years for their potential in a broad range of applications. The ...

科研

工程学

Analysis of Contact Interfaces for Single GaN Nanowire Devices

单氮化镓纳米线设备分析接触界面

Single GaN nanowire (NW) devices fabricated on SiO2 can exhibit  a strong degradation after annealing due to the  occurrence of void formation at the ...

Analyzing the Movement of the Nauplius 'Artemia salina' by Optical Tracking of Plasmonic Nanoparticles

Analyzing the Movement of the Nauplius 'Artemia salina' by Optical Tracking of Plasmonic Nanoparticles

分析无节幼体的运动“<em&gt;卤虫</em&gt;&#39;由电浆纳米粒子的光学跟踪

We demonstrate how optical tweezers may provide a sensitive tool to analyze the fluidic vibrations generated by the movement of small aquatic organisms. A ...

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

写布拉格光栅在多核纤维

Fiber Bragg gratings in multicore fibers can be used as compact and robust filters in astronomical and other research and commercial applications. Strong ...

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

制备与表征超导谐振器的

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors ...

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

刺激斯托克斯和反斯托克斯拉曼散射在微球形回音壁模式谐振器

Dielectric microspheres can confine light and sound for a length of time through high quality factor whispering gallery modes (WGM). Glass microspheres ...

Nanostructured Ag-zeolite Composites as Luminescence-based Humidity Sensors

纳米银沸石复合材料作为基于发光的湿度传感器

Small silver clusters confined inside zeolite matrices have recently emerged as a novel type of highly luminescent materials. Their emission has high ...

Fabrication of Nanopillar-Based Split Ring Resonators for Displacement Current Mediated Resonances in Terahertz Metamaterials

基于纳米柱裂环谐振器的研制为位移电流共振介导太赫兹超材料

Terahertz (THz) split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterials (MMs) has been studied for gas, chemical, and biomolecular sensing applications because the SRR ...

Multi-material Ceramic-Based Components &#8211; Additive Manufacturing of Black-and-white Zirconia Components by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (CerAM - T3DP)

Multi-material Ceramic-Based Components ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œ Additive Manufacturing of Black-and-white Zirconia Components by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing CerAM - T3DP

多材料陶瓷基元器件--用热塑性3d 印刷 (ceram-t3dp) 制备黑白氧化锆部件的添加剂

To combine the benefits of Additive Manufacturing (AM) with the benefits of Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) to ceramic-based 4D components (three ...

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

超导二维电子气体平台上的可扩展量子集成电路

To form a coherent quantum transport in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor (S-Sm) junctions, the formation of a homogeneous and barrier-free interface ...