Name: preparation of the mgm101 recombination protein by mbp-based tagging strategy
Uploaded: 2013-06-25T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy at JoVE.com

Vi takker Stephan Wilkens om hjælp til transmission elektronmikroskopi. Dette arbejde blev støttet af National Institutes of Health Grant R01AG023731.

Tidligere undersøgelser har vist, at de første aminoterminale 22 rester af Mgm101 spaltes efter indførsel i mitokondrier 19.. Til ekspression i Escherichia coli, er MGM101 åbne læseramme mangler de første 22 kodoner amplificeret ved PCR og placeret nedstrøms for malE sekvens der koder for maltosebindingsprotein (MBP) i en modificeret version af ekspressionsvektoren pMAL-C2E. Dette genererer MBP-Mgm101 fusion med en linker indeholdende et spaltningssted for PreScission proteas...

<ol>
	<li>San Filippo, J., Sung, P., Klein, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanism+of+eukaryotic+homologous+recombination.">Mechanism of eukaryotic homologous recombination.</a> Annu. Rev. Biochem. 77, 229-257 (2008).</li><li>Bishop, D. K., Park, D., Xu, L., Kleckner, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DMC1:+a+meiosis-specific+yeast+homolog+of+E.+coli+recA+required+for+recombination,+synaptonemal+complex+formation,+and+cell+cycle+progression.">DMC1: a meiosis-specific yeast homolog of E. coli recA required for recombination, synaptonemal complex formation, and cell cycle progression.</a> Cell. 69, 439-456 (1992).</li><li>Shinohara, A., Ogawa, H., Ogawa, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rad51+protein+involved+in+repair+and+recombination+in+S.+cerevisiae+is+a+RecA-like+protein.">Rad51 protein involved in repair and recombination in S. cerevisiae is a RecA-like protein.</a> Cell. 69, 457-470 (1992).</li><li>Passy, S. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+Dmc1+protein+binds+DNA+as+an+octameric+ring.">Human Dmc1 protein binds DNA as an octameric ring.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 10684-10688 (1999).</li><li>Story, R. M., Weber, I. T., Steitz, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+structure+of+the+E.+coli+recA+protein+monomer+and+polymer.">The structure of the E. coli recA protein monomer and polymer.</a> Nature. 355, 318-325 (1992).</li><li>Yu, X., Jacobs, S. A., West, S. C., Ogawa, T., Egelman, E. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Domain+structure+and+dynamics+in+the+helical+filaments+formed+by+RecA+and+Rad51+on+DNA.">Domain structure and dynamics in the helical filaments formed by RecA and Rad51 on DNA.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98, 8419-8424 (2001).</li><li>Conway, A. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crystal+structure+of+a+Rad51+filament.">Crystal structure of a Rad51 filament.</a> Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 11, 791-796 (2004).</li><li>Bai, Y., Davis, A. P., Symington, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+allele+of+RAD52+that+causes+severe+DNA+repair+and+recombination+deficiencies+only+in+the+absence+of+RAD51+or+RAD59.">A novel allele of RAD52 that causes severe DNA repair and recombination deficiencies only in the absence of RAD51 or RAD59.</a> Genetics. 153, 1117-1130 (1999).</li><li>Bai, Y., Symington, L. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Rad52+homolog+is+required+for+RAD51-independent+mitotic+recombination+in+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae.">A Rad52 homolog is required for RAD51-independent mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.</a> Genes Dev. 10, 2025-2037 (1996).</li><li>Paques, F., Haber, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiple+pathways+of+recombination+induced+by+double-strand+breaks+in+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae.">Multiple pathways of recombination induced by double-strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.</a> Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63, 349-404 (1999).</li><li>Lopes, A., Amarir-Bouhram, J., Faure, G., Petit, M. A., Guerois, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+novel+recombinases+in+bacteriophage+genomes+unveils+Rad52,+Rad51+and+Gp2.5+remote+homologs.">Detection of novel recombinases in bacteriophage genomes unveils Rad52, Rad51 and Gp2.5 remote homologs.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 38, 3952-3962 (2010).</li><li>Poteete, A. R., Sauer, R. T., Hendrix, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Domain+structure+and+quaternary+organization+of+the+bacteriophage+P22+Erf+protein.">Domain structure and quaternary organization of the bacteriophage P22 Erf protein.</a> J. Mol. Biol. 171, 401-418 (1983).</li><li>Passy, S. I., Yu, X., Li, Z., Radding, C. M., Egelman, E. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rings+and+filaments+of+beta+protein+from+bacteriophage+lambda+suggest+a+superfamily+of+recombination+proteins.">Rings and filaments of beta protein from bacteriophage lambda suggest a superfamily of recombination proteins.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 4279-4284 (1999).</li><li>Ploquin, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+and+structural+basis+for+a+bacteriophage+homolog+of+human+RAD52.">Functional and structural basis for a bacteriophage homolog of human RAD52.</a> Curr. Biol. 18, 1142-1146 (2008).</li><li>Chen, X. J., Guan, M. X., Clark-Walker, G. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MGM101,+a+nuclear+gene+involved+in+maintenance+of+the+mitochondrial+genome+in+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae.">MGM101, a nuclear gene involved in maintenance of the mitochondrial genome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.</a> Nucl. Acids Res. 21, 3473-3477 (1993).</li><li>Meeusen, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mgm101p+is+a+novel+component+of+the+mitochondrial+nucleoid+that+binds+DNA+and+is+required+for+the+repair+of+oxidatively+damaged+mitochondrial+DNA.">Mgm101p is a novel component of the mitochondrial nucleoid that binds DNA and is required for the repair of oxidatively damaged mitochondrial DNA.</a> J. Cell Biol. 145, 291-304 (1999).</li><li>Mbantenkhu, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mgm101+is+a+Rad52-related+protein+required+for+mitochondrial+DNA+recombination.">Mgm101 is a Rad52-related protein required for mitochondrial DNA recombination.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 286, 42360-42370 (2011).</li><li>Nardozzi, J. D., Wang, X., Mbantenkhu, M., Wilkens, S., Chen, X. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+properly+configured+ring+structure+is+critical+for+the+function+of+the+mitochondrial+DNA+recombination+protein.">A properly configured ring structure is critical for the function of the mitochondrial DNA recombination protein.</a> Mgm101. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 37259-37268 (2012).</li><li>Zuo, X., Xue, D., Li, N., Clark-Walker, G. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+functional+core+of+the+mitochondrial+genome+maintenance+protein+Mgm101p+in+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae+determined+with+a+temperature-conditional+allele.">A functional core of the mitochondrial genome maintenance protein Mgm101p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae determined with a temperature-conditional allele.</a> FEMS Yeast Res. 7, 131-140 (2007).</li><li>Itoh, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA+packaging+proteins+Glom+and+Glom2+coordinately+organize+the+mitochondrial+nucleoid+of+Physarum+polycephalum.">DNA packaging proteins Glom and Glom2 coordinately organize the mitochondrial nucleoid of Physarum polycephalum.</a> Mitochondrion. 11, 575-586 (2011).</li><li>Janicka, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+RAD52-like+single-stranded+DNA+binding+protein+affects+mitochondrial+DNA+repair+by+recombination.">A RAD52-like single-stranded DNA binding protein affects mitochondrial DNA repair by recombination.</a> Plant J. 72, 423-435 (2012).</li></ol>

Det har været en udfordring at producere en stabil, indfødte rekombinant Mgm101 protein fra E. coli muligvis på grund af stoffet ikke er opløseligt i bakterieceller. I denne rapport, viser vi, at MBP-fusion strategi giver protein, der skal udtrykkes på et rimeligt højt niveau. Ved hjælp negativ farvning transmissionselektronmikroskopi og gelpermeationskromatografi, har vi tidligere vist, at MBP-fusionsproteinet danner ensartede oligomerer in vitro 18. Det er muligt, at foldning og oli...

Homolog rekombination er vigtig for reparation af dobbelt-strenget pauser (DSBs) og interstreng tværbindinger, og for genoptagelse af DNA-replikation fra kollapsede replikationsgafler 1.. Ved konventionel homolog rekombination, er det centrale reaktion katalyseret af de ATP-afhængige rekombinaser herunder RecA i prokaryoter, og RAD51 og Dmc1 i eukaryoter 1-3. Disse rekombinaser danner nukleoproteinpartikler filamenter på ssDNA, som er afgørende for at indlede homologi søgning og strand invasion inden duplex DNA skabeloner (Figur 1, venstre panel) 4-7. Ud over den konventionelle ordning, kan homolog rekombination også foregå i et RecA/Rad51-independent måde (figur 1, højre panel). For eksempel kan gær RAD52 og Rad59 proteiner direkte katalyserer annealing af komplementære ssDNA strenge, som er udsat ved resektion af dsDNA pauser. Denne rekombination proces, kendt som syngele strand annealing, er generelt ikke involverer homolog parring med dsDNA skabeloner. Efter annealing, er heterologe haler fjernet ved exonukleaser og nicks ligeres at genoprette genom kontinuitet 8-10. Reparation af enkeltstrengen annealing mekanisme er ofte ledsaget af sletninger af genomiske sekvenser mellem direkte gentagne regioner. RAD52 tilhører en forskelligartet gruppe af rekombinationsproteiner, der er udbredt blandt bakteriofager 11. Disse proteiner er også kendt som enkelt streng Udglødning Proteiner (SSAPs), baseret på deres aktivitet for at fremme udglødning af homologe enkeltstrengede DNA-molekyler. De bedst karakteriserede bakteriofagvektorer SSAPs er Redp og Erf fra bakteriofager λ og P22, RecT fra profag rac og Sak proteinet fra lactococcus fag ul36. De SSAPs er strukturelt karakteriseret ved en typisk β-β-β-α fold, selvom lighed næsten er undetectstand i deres primære sekvenser. Tilsammen danner store homo-oligomere ringe af 10-14 fold symmetri in vitro 12-14. De funktionelle konsekvenser af denne egenskab højere orden organisatoriske struktur er ikke godt forstået. Vi er interesseret i at forstå den mekanisme af homolog rekombination i mitokondrie-genomet. Vi har tidligere identificeret det MGM101 gen, der er afgørende for opretholdelsen af mtDNA i Saccharomyces cerevisiae 15.. MGM101 blev efterfølgende fundet at være forbundet med mitokondrie nucleoids og er nødvendig for tolerance over mtDNA til DNA-skadende agenter 16. Imidlertid har studiet af Mgm101 været holdt tilbage i det sidste årti, som det er vanskeligt at producere rekombinant Mgm101. Vi har for nylig formået at producere opløselige Mgm101 på store mængder fra E. coli ved anvendelse af MBP-fusion strategi. Dette har gjort det muligt for os at vise, at Mgm101 aktierbiokemiske og strukturelle ligheder med RAD52-familien af proteiner 17,18. I denne rapport er en tre-trins rensning beskrevet, der producerer homogene Mgm101for biokemiske og strukturelle analyser (Figur 2).

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of Reagent/Material</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Expression vector pMAL-c2E</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>#N8066S</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PreScission Protease</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>#27-0843-01</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BL21-CodonPlus(DE3)-RIL cells</td>
			<td>Strategene</td>
			<td>#230245</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leupeptin</td>
			<td>Roche Applied Science</td>
			<td>#11034626001</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pepstatin</td>
			<td>Roche Applied Science</td>
			<td>#11359053001</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF)</td>
			<td>Roche Applied Science</td>
			<td>#10837091001</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNAse I</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>#DN25-1G</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl &beta;-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)</td>
			<td>Roche Applied Science</td>
			<td>#11411446001</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amylose resin</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>#E8021L</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Econo-Column chromatography column</td>
			<td>BIO-RAD</td>
			<td>#7372512</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bio-Scale Mini Macro-Prep High S cartridge (1 ml)</td>
			<td>BIO-RAD</td>
			<td>#732-4130</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VIVASPIN 15R Ultrafiltration spin column (10,000 MWCO)</td>
			<td>Sartorius Stedium</td>
			<td>#VS15RH02</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superose 6 prep grade column</td>
			<td>Amersham Bioscirnces</td>
			<td>#17-0489-01</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VIVASPIN 6 Ultrafiltration spin column (5,000 MWCO)</td>
			<td>Sartorius Stedium</td>
			<td>#VS0611</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation of the mgm101 recombination protein by mbp-based tagging strategy

Den MGM101 genet blev identificeret 20 år siden for sin rolle i opretholdelsen af mitokondrie-DNA. Undersøgelser fra flere grupper har foreslået, at Mgm101 protein er involveret i rekombinationelle reparation af mitokondrie-DNA. Nylige undersøgelser har indikeret, at Mgm101 er relateret til RAD52-typen rekombination protein familie. Disse proteiner danner store oligomere ringe og fremme annealing af homologe enkeltstrengede DNA-molekyler. Imidlertid har karakteriseringen af ​​Mgm101 blevet hæmmet af vanskeligheden i at producere det rekombinante protein. Her er en pålidelig fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af rekombinant Mgm101 beskrevet. Maltosebindingsprotein (MBP)-tagget Mgm101 først udtrykkes i Escherichia coli. Fusionsproteinet indledningsvis oprenset ved amylose-affinitetskromatografi. Efter at være blevet frigivet ved proteolytisk spaltning, er Mgm101 adskilt fra MBP ved kationbytningskromatografi. Monodispergeret Mgm101 fås derpåved gelpermeationskromatografi. Et udbytte på ~ 0,87 mg Mgm101 per liter bakteriekultur kan være rutinemæssigt opnået. Det rekombinante Mgm101 har minimal kontaminering af DNA. De forberedte prøver med held brugt til biokemiske, strukturelle og enkelt partikel billedet analyser af Mgm101. Denne protokol kan også anvendes til fremstilling af andre store oligomere DNA-bindende proteiner, der kan fejlfoldede og giftige for bakterieceller.

Mgm101 er en RAD52-relateret rekombination protein i mitokondrier. RAD52 er blevet grundigt undersøgt for sin rolle i mitokondrie-DNA-rekombination (figur 1). Rekombinant Mgm101 kan fremstilles ved en tre-trins procedure (Figur 2). Dette lettes ved anvendelse af MBP-tagging strategi, der tillader Mgm101 at blive udtrykt i en opløselig form og efterfølgende frigives fra tag ved proteolytisk spaltning (figur 3). I et typisk præparat kan ca...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy at JoVE.com

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Gæren mitokondrie nucleoid protein, Mgm101, er en RAD52-typen rekombination protein, som danner store oligomere ringe. En protokol er beskrevet til fremstilling af opløselig rekombinant Mgm101 hjælp maltosebindingsproteinet (MBP)-tagging strategi kombineret med kationbytning og gelpermeationskromatografi.

Forberedelse af Mgm101 Recombination Protein af MBP-baserede tagging strategi

The MGM101 gene was identified 20 years ago for its role in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. Studies from several groups have suggested that the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

Charles Taylor and John Marshall explain the utility of mathematical modeling for evaluating the effectiveness of population replacement strategy.  ...

Staining of Proteins in Gels with Coomassie G-250 without Organic Solvent and Acetic Acid

In classical protein staining protocols using Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB), solutions with high contents of toxic and flammable organic solvents ...

Using the GELFREE 8100 Fractionation System for Molecular Weight-Based Fractionation with Liquid Phase Recovery

The GELFREE 8100 Fractionation System is a novel protein fractionation system designed to maximize protein recovery during molecular weight based ...

Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1

The functional analysis of missense mutations can be complicated by the presence in the cell of the endogenous protein. Structure-function analyses of the ...

Genetic Modification and Recombination of Salivary Gland Organ Cultures

Genetisk modifikation og Rekombination af spytkirtel organkulturer

Branching  morphogenesis occurs during the development of many organs, and the embryonic  mouse submandibular gland (SMG) is a classical model for the ...

Improving the Success Rate of Protein Crystallization by Random Microseed Matrix Screening

Forbedring succesraten for proteinkrystallisation af Random Microseed Matrix Screening

Random microseed matrix screening  (rMMS) is a protein crystallization technique in which seed crystals are added  to random screens. By increasing the ...

Preparation of Segmented Microtubules to Study Motions Driven by the Disassembling Microtubule Ends

Udarbejdelse af Segmenteret Mikrotubuli at studere Forslag drevet af demontering mikrotubuli Ends

Microtubule depolymerization can provide force to transport different protein complexes and protein-coated beads in vitro. The underlying mechanisms are ...

Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli

Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli

Grønt fluorescerende protein-baserede Expression Screening membranproteiner i<em&gt; Escherichia coli</em

The production of recombinant membrane proteins for structural and functional studies remains technically challenging due to low levels of expression and ...

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Fækal Glukokortikoid Analyse: Non-invasive Adrenal Overvågning i dyr fra hestefamilien

Adrenal activity can be assessed in the equine species by analysis of feces for corticosterone metabolites. During a potentially aversive situation, ...

Detecting Protein Subcellular Localization by Green Fluorescence Protein Tagging and 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole Staining in Caenorhabditis elegans

Detecting Protein Subcellular Localization by Green Fluorescence Protein Tagging and 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole Staining in Caenorhabditis elegans

Påvisning af Protein subcellulært lokalisering af grøn fluorescens Protein Tagging og 4', 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole farvning i Caenorhabditis elegans