Name: biosensor for detection of antibiotic resistant staphylococcus bacteria
Uploaded: 2013-05-08T09:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Biosensor for Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus Bacteria at JoVE.com

Arbejdet rapporteret heri blev støttet af tilskud fra Auburn University AUDFS og USAF CRADA 07-277-60MDG-01. Synspunkterne i denne artikel, er dem af forfatterne og ikke afspejler den officielle politik eller position i USA Air Force, Department of Defense, eller den amerikanske regering.

1.. Indstilling af Stage <ol><li> Opnå typestamme S. aureus ATCC 12600, S. aureus ATCC 27690 og Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051. Methicillin-resistente stammer af S. aureus - MRSA1, MRSA 2, MRSA 5 MRSA 13, MRSA 26 MRSA 34, MRSA 45, B. anthracis Sterne, Salmonella typhimurium LT2, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolotica, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae 13882, Den lytiske fag 12600. </li><li> Opnå PBP 2a antistof konjugerede latexperler. </li><li> ...

<ol>
	<li>Guntupalli, R., Sorokulova, I., Krumnow, A., Pustovyy, O., Olsen, E., Vodyanoy, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+optical+detection+of+methicillin-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+using+lytic+phage+probes.">Real-time optical detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using lytic phage probes.</a> Biosens. Bioelectron. 24, 151-154 (2008).</li><li>Guntupalli, R., Sorokulova, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+and+identification+of+methicillin+resistant+and+sensitive+strains+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+using+tandem+measurements.">Detection and identification of methicillin resistant and sensitive strains of Staphylococcus aureus using tandem measurements.</a> J. Microbiol. Methods. 90, 182-191 (2012).</li><li>Guntupalli, R., Sorokulova, I., Long, R., Olsen, E., Neely, W., Vodyanoy, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phage+Langmuir+monolayers+and+Langmuir-Blodgett+films.">Phage Langmuir monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett films.</a> Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces. 82, 182-189 (2011).</li><li>Barie, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antibiotic-resistant+gram-positive+cocci:+implications+for+surgical+practice.">Antibiotic-resistant gram-positive cocci: implications for surgical practice.</a> World. J. Surg. 22, 118-126 (1998).</li><li>Byun, D. E., Kim, S. H., Shin, J. H., Suh, S. P., Ryang, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+epidemiologic+analysis+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+isolated+from+clinical+specimens.">Molecular epidemiologic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens.</a> J. Korean Med. Sci. 12, 190-198 (1997).</li><li>Duan, L., Lei, H., Huang, E., Yi, G., Fan, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drug+resistance+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+from+lower+respiratory+tract.">Drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from lower respiratory tract.</a> Zhonghua Yiyuanganranxue Zazhi. 21, 1667-1668 (2011).</li><li>Giamarellou, H., Papapetropoulou, M., Daikos, G. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methicillin+resistant'+Staphylococcus+aureus+infections+during+1978-79:+clinical+and+bacteriologic+observations.">Methicillin resistant' Staphylococcus aureus infections during 1978-79: clinical and bacteriologic observations.</a> J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 7, 649-655 (1981).</li><li>Knopf, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nosocomial+infections+caused+by+multiresistant+pathogens.+Clinical+management+exemplified+by+multiresistant+Staphylococcus+aureus.">Nosocomial infections caused by multiresistant pathogens. Clinical management exemplified by multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus.</a> Urologe A. 36, 248-254 (1997).</li><li>Knapp, C. C., Ludwig, M. D., Washington, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+differential+inoculum+disk+diffusion+method+and+Vitek+GPS-SA+card+for+detection+of+oxacillin-resistant+staphylococci.">Evaluation of differential inoculum disk diffusion method and Vitek GPS-SA card for detection of oxacillin-resistant staphylococci.</a> J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 433-436 (1994).</li><li>Struelens, M. J., Nonhoff, C., Van, D. A., Philippe Mertens, R., Serruys, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+rapid+ATB+Staph+for+5-hour+antimicrobial+susceptibility+testing+of+Staphylococcus+aureus.">Evaluation of rapid ATB Staph for 5-hour antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus aureus.</a> J. Clin. Microbiol. 33, 2395-2399 (1995).</li><li>Woods, G. L., LaTemple, D., Cruz, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+MicroScan+rapid+gram-positive+panels+for+detection+of+oxacillin-resistant+staphylococci.">Evaluation of MicroScan rapid gram-positive panels for detection of oxacillin-resistant staphylococci.</a> J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 1058-1059 (1994).</li><li>Knapp, C. C., Ludwig, M. D., Washington, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+BBL+crystal+MRSA+ID+system.">Evaluation of BBL crystal MRSA ID system.</a> J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 2588-2589 (1994).</li><li>Qadri, S. M., Ueno, Y., Imambaccus, H., Almodovar, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+detection+of+methicillin-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+by+Crystal+MRSA+ID+System.">Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Crystal MRSA ID System.</a> J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 1830-1832 (1994).</li><li>Zambardi, G., Fleurette, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=European+multicentre+evaluation+of+a+commercial+system+for+identification+of+methicillin-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus.">European multicentre evaluation of a commercial system for identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.</a> Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 15, 747-749 (1996).</li><li>Chambers, H. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methicillin+resistance+in+staphylococci:+molecular+and+biochemical+basis+and+clinical+implications.">Methicillin resistance in staphylococci: molecular and biochemical basis and clinical implications.</a> Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 10, 781-791 (1997).</li><li>Brown, D. F. J., Edwards, D. I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+the+laboratory+diagnosis+and+susceptibility+testing+of+methicillin-resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus+(MRSA).">Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis and susceptibility testing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).</a> J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 56, 1000-1018 (2005).</li><li>Gerberding, J. L., Miick, C., Liu, H. H., Chambers, H. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+conventional+susceptibility+tests+with+direct+detection+of+penicillin-binding+protein+2a+in+borderline+oxacillin-resistant+strains+of+Staphylococcus+aureus.">Comparison of conventional susceptibility tests with direct detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a in borderline oxacillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.</a> Antimicrobial Agents &amp; Chemotherapy. 35, 2574-2579 (1991).</li><li>Balasubramanian, S., Sorokulova, I. B., Vodyanoy, V. J., Simonian, A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lytic+phage+as+a+specific+and+selective+probe+for+detection+of+Staphylococcus+aureus-A+surface+plasmon+resonance+spectroscopic+study.">Lytic phage as a specific and selective probe for detection of Staphylococcus aureus-A surface plasmon resonance spectroscopic study.</a> Biosens. Bioelectron. 22, 948-955 (2007).</li><li>Popham, D. L., Young, K. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+penicillin-binding+proteins+in+bacterial+cell+morphogenesis.">Role of penicillin-binding proteins in bacterial cell morphogenesis.</a> Current Opinion in Microbiology. 6, 594-599 (2003).</li><li>Wei, Y., Havasy, T., McPherson, D. C., Popham, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rod+shape+determination+by+the+Bacillus+subtilis+class+B+penicillin-binding+proteins+encoded+by+pbpA+and+pbpH.">Rod shape determination by the Bacillus subtilis class B penicillin-binding proteins encoded by pbpA and pbpH.</a> J. Bacteriol. 185, 4717-4726 (2003).</li><li>Grieco, S. H. H., Lee, S., Dunbar, W. S., MacGillivray, R. T. A., Curtis, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maximizing+filamentous+phage+yield+during+computer-controlled+fermentation.">Maximizing filamentous phage yield during computer-controlled fermentation.</a> Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering. 32, 773-779 (2009).</li><li>Olsen, E. V., Pathirana, S. T., Samoylov, A. M., Barbaree, J. M., Chin, B. A., Neely, W. C., Vodyanoy, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Specific+and+selective+biosensor+for+Salmonella+and+its+detection+in+the+environment.">Specific and selective biosensor for Salmonella and its detection in the environment.</a> J. Microbiol. Methods. 53, 273-285 (2003).</li><li>Pathirana, S. T., Barbaree, J., Chin, B. A., Hartell, M. G., Neely, W. C., Vodyanoy, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+and+sensitive+biosensor+for+Salmonella.">Rapid and sensitive biosensor for Salmonella.</a> Biosens. Bioelectron. 15, 135-141 (2000).</li><li>Sauerbrey, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+quartz+oscillators+for+weighing+thin+layers+and+for+microweighing.">The use of quartz oscillators for weighing thin layers and for microweighing.</a> Z. Phys. 155, 206-222 (1959).</li><li>Hook, F., Rodahl, M., Brzezinski, P., Kasemo, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Energy+Dissipation+Kinetics+for+Protein+and+Antibody-Antigen+Adsorption+under+Shear+Oscillation+on+a+Quartz+Crystal+Microbalance.">Energy Dissipation Kinetics for Protein and Antibody-Antigen Adsorption under Shear Oscillation on a Quartz Crystal Microbalance.</a> Langmuir. 14, 729-734 (1998).</li><li>Griffith, J., Manning, M., Dunn, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Filamentous+bacteriophage+contract+into+hollow+spherical+particles+upon+exposure+to+a+chloroform-water+interface.">Filamentous bacteriophage contract into hollow spherical particles upon exposure to a chloroform-water interface.</a> Cell. 23, 747-753 (1981).</li><li>Hosseinidoust, Z., Van de Ven, T. G. M., Tufenkji, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacterial+Capture+Efficiency+and+Antimicrobial+Activity+of+Phage-Functionalized+Model+Surfaces.">Bacterial Capture Efficiency and Antimicrobial Activity of Phage-Functionalized Model Surfaces.</a> Langmuir. 27, 5472-5480 (2011).</li><li>Schofield, D. A., Molineux, I. J., Westwater, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioluminescent'+Reporter+Phage+for+the+Detection+of+Category+A+Bacterial+Pathogens.">Bioluminescent' Reporter Phage for the Detection of Category A Bacterial Pathogens.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (53), e2740 (2011).</li><li>Voinova, M. V., Jonson, M., Kasemo, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Missing+mass"+effect+in+biosensor's+QCM+applications.">Missing mass" effect in biosensor's QCM applications.</a> Biosens. Bioelectron. 17, 835-841 (2002).</li><li>Gervals, L., Gel, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immobilization+of+biotinylated+bacteriophages+on+biosensor+surfaces.">Immobilization of biotinylated bacteriophages on biosensor surfaces.</a> Sensors and Actuators. 125, 615-621 (2007).</li><li>Nanduri, V., Sorokulova, I. B., Samoylov, A. M., Simonian, A. L., Petrenko, V. A., Vodyanoy, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phage+as+a+molecular+recognition+element+in+biosensors+immobilized+by+physical+adsorption.">Phage as a molecular recognition element in biosensors immobilized by physical adsorption.</a> Biosens. Bioelectron. 22, 986-992 (2007).</li><li>Sorokulova, I., Watt, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Natural+biopolymer+for+preservation+of+microorganisms+during+sampling+and+storage.">Natural biopolymer for preservation of microorganisms during sampling and storage.</a> J. Microbiol. Methods. 88, 140-146 (2012).</li><li>Sanders, E. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aseptic+Laboratory+Techniques:+Plating+Methods.">Aseptic Laboratory Techniques: Plating Methods.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (63), e3064 (2012).</li></ol>

Det er velkendt, at fager kan anvendes som biosensor prober for bakterielle patogener 28. Det er påvist i dette arbejde, fag sammen med PBP 2a antistoffer kan anvendes til at løse det gamle problem: hurtige diskrimination antibiotikaresistente og følsomme stammer. Det konstateredes imidlertid de normale umodificerede stafylokok fager er ikke egnede til bakterier detektion med QCM enheder, selvom de binder bakterier. Fagen hale er så lang, at akustiske bølger ikke kan &quot;n?...

Methicillin resistente stammer af Staphylococcus aureus er blevet foreslået som en faktor i væsentlige infektioner og nosokomielle udbrud 4-8. Almindelige måder anerkendelsen af ​​methicillinresistens, såsom disk diffusion oxacillin agar skærmen test, eller bouillon mikrofortyndingsplader, afhængige skræddersyede dyrkningsbetingelser til at forbedre ekspressionen af ​​resistens. Ændringer omfatter udnyttelsen af ​​oxacillin, inkubation ved 30 eller 35 ° C i stedet for 37 ° C, og optagelsen af ​​NaCl til vækstmediet. Desuden er det for korrekt registrering af disse typer af teknikker, en lang inkubationstid på 24 timer i stedet for 16 til 18 år hr er påkrævet. Hurtige teknikker med passende (&gt; 96%) niveau af følsomhed til identifikation af methicillinresistens omfatter automatiserede mikrofortyndingsplader teknikker såsom Vitek GPS-SA-kort, Rapid ATB Staph systemet og Rapid Microscan Panel system, som producerer resultater efter 3-11 hr 9-11. The Crystal MRSA ID systemet er en hurtig metode, baseret på anerkendelse af væksten i S. aureus i nærvær af 2% NaCl og 4 mg oxacillin per liter med en iltfølsomt fluorescens sensor. Reklamerede følsomheder ligge mellem 91 till 100% efter 4 timer inkubation 12-14. Disse fænotypiske metoder er begrænsede i deres nøjagtigheder med virkningen af ​​fremherskende stammer, der udtrykker heterogene modstand. Derfor er den bedste bredt accepteret metoder til anerkendelse af methicillinresistens er PCR eller DNA hybridisering af mecA genet 15.. Men denne teknik kræver oprenset DNA og er yderst følsomt over for forskellige tilsætninger (urenheder), som omfatter celledebris 16.. Desuden er disse teknikker har brug for en lang tid at udføre. Strategier til anerkendelsen af mecA genproduktet, protein PBP 2a, kan bruges til at bestemme modstanden og kan være mere pålidelige i forhold til standard testteknikker 17. Staphylococcus aureus stammer, herunder dem der methicillinresistens 1,2,18. I dette arbejde har vi foreslået en ny teknik i den specifikke genkendelse og sporing af MRSA, såsom anerkendelse af bakterier sammen med konformation af MRSA i realtid. Til dette specifikke formål a S. aureus bakteriofag med et bredt spektrum af værter (herunder MRSA stammer) kombineret med monoklonalt antistof mod protein (PBP 2a) er blevet anvendt. PBP 2a er en cellevæg-protein, og det er årsagen til antibiotikum resistivitet af MRSA. Men PBP 2a antistof er ikke specifik for S. aureus da nogle andre bakterier har antibiotiske proteiner med sekvenslighed med PBP 2a 19,20. Derfor i dette arbejde, S. aureus bakteriofag og antistoffer mod PBP 2a proteinet er blevet anvendt. At være i stand til at udvikle en biosensor til specifitisk registrere og identificere MRSA en enhed med en to trin er udnyttet. Det første skridt brugte en S. aureus bakteriofag monolag som en sensor probe, mens det andet trin anvendte PBP 2a specifikke antistoffer. Derfor trin man vil genkende S. aureus bakterier, vil som den anden være følsom over for antibiotikummet-bindende protein. Når signaler modtaget fra to trin er positiv, indikerer det specifikke påvisning af MRSA.

<table border="1">
		<tbody>
		 <tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Reagents</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) </td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO</td>
			<td>P4417 </td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>spectrophotometric-grade chloroform </td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, 
				St. Louis, MO </td>
			<td>154733 </td>
			<td>(99.8% A.C.S.) </td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Hexane-Anhydrous </td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, 
				St. Louis, MO</td>
			<td>29609-0</td>
			<td>(95%)</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Ethyl Alcohol </td>
			<td>Pharmco products Inc. Brookfield, CT </td>
			<td>64-17-5</td>
			<td>190 Proof</td>
		 </tr>	
		 <tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Equipment</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>PBP 2a antibody conjugated latex beads</td>
			<td>Denka Seiken Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan</td>
			<td>The MRSA-Screen test</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>S. aureus ATCC 12600, S. aureus ATCC 27690 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 from </td>
			<td>American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA);</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>MRSA1, MRSA 2, MRSA 5, MRSA 13, MRSA 26, MRSA 34, MRSA 45, B. anthracis Sterne, Salmonella typhimurium LT2, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolotica, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae 13882; The lytic phage 12600 </td>
			<td>The culture collection of Auburn University, Auburn, AL</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Centrifuge </td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>Optima L-90K
				Ultra Centrifuge</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>KSV 2200 LB film balance</td>
			<td>KSV Chemicals, Finland</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Light microscope optical system </td>
			<td>CitoViva Technology Inc., Auburn, AL </td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>QCM-D</td>
			<td>Q-Sense AB, V&auml;stra Fr&ouml;lunda, Sweden </td>
			<td>E4</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Scanning electron microscope (SEM)</td>
			<td>JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA</td>
			<td>JEOL-7000F SEM </td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Transmitting electron microscopy (TEM)</td>
			<td>JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA</td>
			<td>JEOL, JEM 2010 </td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Stericup, Presterilized</td>
			<td>Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA</td>
			<td>SCGPU05RE</td>
			<td>0.22 &mu;m, GP Express PLUS membrane</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Bio-Assay dish</td>
			<td>NUNC A/S, Denmark</td>
			<td>240835</td>
			<td>Dimensions(mm), 245 x 245 x 25</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Pipettes</td>
			<td>Gilson, Pipetman, France</td>
			<td>P100, P200, P1000</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>C24 Incubator Shaker</td>
			<td>New Brunswick Scientific, CT</td>
			<td>Classic C24</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Gold-coated quartz pieces</td>
			<td>Auburn University, AL</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Homemade</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Petri dishes</td>
			<td>Fisher Brand, USA</td>
			<td>0875713</td>
			<td>100 mmX15 mm </td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>SterilGard III Advance</td>
			<td>The Baker Company, ME</td>
			<td>SG403</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Culture Growing Flasks</td>
			<td>Corning Incorporated, NY</td>
			<td>4995</td>
			<td>PYREX 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks </td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Optical Spectrometer</td>
			<td>Genesys 20. Thermo Spectronic, USA.</td>
			<td>4001</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Plasma Cleaner</td>
			<td>Harrick Plasma, USA</td>
			<td>PDC-32G</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Millipore water purification system</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>Direct-Q</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Imaging Ellipsometer</td>
			<td>Accurion, USA</td>
			<td>nanofilm_ep3se
			</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Software </td>
			<td>Q-Sense AB, Sweden</td>
			<td>QSoft, QTools</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		</tbody>
 </table>

biosensor for detection of antibiotic resistant staphylococcus bacteria

Et strukturelt transformeret lytisk bakteriofag med et bredt værtsområde af Staphylococcus aureus-stammer og en penicillin-bindende protein (PBP 2a) antistof konjugerede latexperler er blevet udnyttet til at skabe en biosensor konstrueret til diskrimination af methicillinresistente (MRSA) og følsomme (MSSA) S . aureus arter 1,2. De lytiske fager er blevet omdannet til fag spheroids ved kontakt med vand-chloroform interface. Fag kugleformede monolag er blevet flyttet over på en biosensor overflade ved Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) teknik 3.. De oprettede biosensorer er blevet undersøgt af en kvartskrystalmikrovægt med dissipation sporing (QCM-D) for at evaluere bakterier-fag interaktioner. Bakterier-kugleformede interaktioner førte til reduceret resonansfrekvens og en stigning i dissipation energi til både MRSA og MSSA stammer. Efter bakterielle bindende, er disse sensorer er yderligere udsat for penicillin-bindende protein-antistof latexperles. Sensorer analyseret med MRSA reageret på PBP 2a antistof perler, selvom sensorer inspicerede med MSSA gav ingen svar. Denne eksperimentelle skelnen afgør en entydig forskelsbehandling mellem methicillin resistente og følsomme S. aureus stammer. Lige bundet og ubundne bakteriofager undertrykke bakterievækst på overflader og i vand suspensioner. Når lytiske fager ændres til spheroids, de bevarer deres stærke lytisk aktivitet og vise høj bakteriel capture formåen. Fag og fag sfæroider kan anvendes til afprøvning og sterilisering af antibiotikaresistente mikroorganismer. Andre applikationer kan omfatte brug i bakteriofag terapi og antimikrobielle overflader.

Fagen viste lytisk aktivitet mod alle testede stammer af S. aureus, herunder MRSA-stammer, som angivet af fag spottest. Plaque størrelser generelt varierede fra 5 til 15 mm. Ingen aktivitet blev fundet mod andre test-kulturer (tabel 1). En normal vækst af S. aureus ATCC 12600 i NZY medium på rysteinkubator ved 37 ° C er vist i figur 1A (en kurve mærket ved tomme cirkler). Antallet af bakterier steg fra 3,2 x 10 6-4,0 x 10 <s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Biosensor for Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus Bacteria at JoVE.com

Biosensor for Detection of Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus Bacteria

Lytiske fag biosensorer og antistof perler er i stand til at skelne mellem methicillin resistente (MRSA) og følsomme Staphylococcus bakterier. De fager immobiliseres ved en Langmuir-Blodgett metoden på en overflade af en kvartskrystalmikrovægt sensor og arbejdede som bredspektrede Staphylococcus-prober. Antistof-perler genkende MRSA.

Biosensor til detektion af antibiotikaresistente Staphylococcus Bakterier

A structurally transformed lytic bacteriophage having a broad host range of Staphylococcus aureus strains and a penicillin-binding protein (PBP 2a) ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms

Fluorescenspåvisning metoder for mikrofluide dråbe platforme

The development of microfluidic platforms for performing chemistry and biology has in large part been driven by a range of potential benefits that ...

Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube High-Frequency Nanoelectronic Biosensor for Sensing in High Ionic Strength Solutions

Fabrikation af kulstof nanorør High-Frequency Nanoelektroniske biosensor for Sensing i høj ionstyrke Solutions

The unique electronic properties and high surface-to-volume ratios of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and semiconductor nanowires (NW) 1-4 make them ...

Optical Detection of E. coli Bacteria by Mesoporous Silicon Biosensors

Optical Detection of E. coli Bacteria by Mesoporous Silicon Biosensors

Optisk påvisning af<em&gt; E. coli</em&gt; bakterier ved Mesoporøse Silicon biosensorer

A label-free optical biosensor based on a nanostructured porous Si is designed for rapid capture and detection of Escherichia coli K12 bacteria, as a ...

Stress-induced Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing on a Chip

Stress-induceret antibiotika modtagelighed Test på en chip

We have developed a rapid microfluidic method for antibiotic susceptibility testing in a stress-based environment. Fluid is passed at high speeds over ...

Sensitive Detection of Proteopathic Seeding Activity with FRET Flow Cytometry

Følsomme Påvisning af Proteopathic Seeding Aktivitet med FRET flowcytometri

Increasing evidence supports transcellular propagation of toxic protein aggregates, or proteopathic seeds, as a mechanism for the initiation and ...

High-throughput Identification of Bacteria Repellent Polymers for Medical Devices

High-throughput bestemmelse af bakterier Repellent Polymerer til medicinsk udstyr

Medical devices are often associated with hospital-acquired infections, which place enormous strain on patients and the healthcare system as well as ...

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Mikrofluid Platform med Multiplexed Elektronisk Detection for fysisk sporing af partikler

Microfluidic processing of biological samples typically involves differential manipulations of suspended particles under various force fields in order to ...

The Use of a &#946;-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions

The Use of a ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â²-lactamase-based Conductimetric Biosensor Assay to Detect Biomolecular Interactions

Brug af en β-lactamase-baseret Conductimetric Biosensor Assay til påvisning Biomolekylær interaktioner

Biosensors are becoming increasingly important and implemented in various fields such as pathogen detection, molecular diagnosis, environmental ...

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

Udvikling af en elektrokemisk DNA Biosensor at opdage en fødevarebårne patogenet

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a common foodborne pathogen that contributes to a large proportion of public health problems globally, ...

Visual Detection of Multiple Nucleic Acids in a Capillary Array

Visuel genkendelse af flere nukleinsyrer i en kapillær Array

Multi-target, short time, and resource-affordable methodologies for the detection of multiple nucleic acids in a single, easy to operate test are urgently ...