Name: in-situ tapering of chalcogenide fiber for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation
Uploaded: 2013-05-27T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation at JoVE.com

笔者想感谢G. Shambat的C.菲利普斯，K. Aghaei的宝贵的讨论，楼Afshinmanesh的SEM图像，实验的支持，T. Marvdashti和MF Churbanov的和GE Snopatin的高纯度化学研究所物质和VG Plotnichenko和EM Dianov的光纤研究中心，俄罗斯科学院提供2 S 3纤维。我们也从海军研究，美国航空航天局，空军科研，安捷伦，联合技术办公室办公室办公室的支持表示感谢。

1。尖细设置制造（组装设置如图1） <ol><li>固定线路板上（大致居中）的电动线性阶段，从而使接触阶段，将翻译朝向和远离彼此</li><li>准备和放置光纤坐骑<ol><li>将两个光学帖电动线性阶段使用彼此最接近的孔的板（各一个）。 </li><li>将裸光纤安装的上衣的职位。确保用于光纤的V形槽对准。 （注：裸光纤坐骑的高度大约是梁的高度系统选择未来的职位和相应的底座高度）。 </li></ol></li><li>准?...

<ol>
	<li>Marandi, A., Rudy, C. W., Plotnichenko, V. G., Dianov, E. M., Vodopyanov, K. L., Byer, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mid-infrared+supercontinuum+generation+in+tapered+chalcogenide+fiber+for+producing+octave-spanning+frequency+comb+around+3+&#956;m.">Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in tapered chalcogenide fiber for producing octave-spanning frequency comb around 3 &#956;m.</a> Optics Express. 20, 24218-24225 (2012).</li><li>Schliesser, A., Picque, N., Hansch, T. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mid-infrared+frequency+combs.">Mid-infrared frequency combs.</a> Nature Photonics. 6, 440-449 (2012).</li><li>Diddams, S. A., Hollberg, L., Mbele, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+fingerprinting+with+the+resolved+modes+of+a+femtosecond+laser+frequency+comb.">Molecular fingerprinting with the resolved modes of a femtosecond laser frequency comb.</a> Nature. 445, 627-630 (2007).</li><li>Thorpe, M. J., Balslev-Clausen, D., Kirchner, M. S., Ye, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cavity-enhanced+optical+frequency+comb+spectroscopy:+application+to+human+breath+analysis.">Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy: application to human breath analysis.</a> Optics Express. 16, 2387-2397 (2008).</li><li>Sears, C. M. S., Colby, E., England, R. J., Ischebeck, R., McGuinness, C., Nelson, J., Noble, R., Siemann, R. H., Spencer, J., Walz, D., Plettner, T., Byer, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phase+stable+net+acceleration+of+electrons+from+a+two-stage+optical+accelerator.">Phase stable net acceleration of electrons from a two-stage optical accelerator.</a> Physical Review Letters. 11, 101301 (2008).</li><li>Popmintchev, T., Chen, M. C., Arpin, P., Murnane, M. M., Kapteyn, H. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+attosecond+nonlinear+optics+ofbright+coherent+X-ray+generation.">The attosecond nonlinear optics ofbright coherent X-ray generation.</a> Nature Photonics. 4, 822-832 (2010).</li><li>Dudley, J. M., Taylor, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Supercontinuum generation in optical fibers. , (2010).</li><li>Birks, T. A., Wadsworth, W. J., Russell, P. S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Supercontinuum+generation+in+tapered+fibers.">Supercontinuum generation in tapered fibers.</a> Optics Letters. 25, 1415-1417 (2000).</li><li>Leindecker, N., Marandi, A., Byer, R. L., Vodopyanov, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Broadband+degenerate+OPO+for+mid-infrared+frequency+comb+generation.">Broadband degenerate OPO for mid-infrared frequency comb generation.</a> Optics Express. 19, 6296-6302 (2011).</li><li>Liao, M., Yan, X., Gao, W., Duan, Z., Qin, G., Suzuki, T., Ohishi, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Five-order+SRSs+and+supercontinuum+generation+from+a+tapered+tellurite+microstructured+fiber+with+longitudinally+varying+dispersion.">Five-order SRSs and supercontinuum generation from a tapered tellurite microstructured fiber with longitudinally varying dispersion.</a> Optics Express. 19, 15389-15396 (2011).</li><li>M&#228;gi, E. C., Steinvurzel, P., Eggleton, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tapered+photonic+crystal+fibers.">Tapered photonic crystal fibers.</a> Optics Express. 12, 776-784 (2004).</li><li>Ozeki, T., Kawasaki, B. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+directional+coupler+using+tapered+sections+in+multimode+fibers.">Optical directional coupler using tapered sections in multimode fibers.</a> Applied Physics Letters. 28, 528-529 (1976).</li><li>Yataki, M. S., Payne, D. N., Varnahm, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=All-fibre+wavelength+filters+using+concatenated+fused-taper+couplers.">All-fibre wavelength filters using concatenated fused-taper couplers.</a> Electronic Letters. 21, 248-249 (1985).</li><li>Chandalia, J. K., Eggleton, B. J., Windeler, R. S., Kosinski, S. G., Liu, X., Xu, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adiabatic+coupling+in+tapered+air-silica+microstructured+optical+fiber.">Adiabatic coupling in tapered air-silica microstructured optical fiber.</a> IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 13, 52-54 (2001).</li><li>Mora, J., D&#237;ez, A., Fonjallaz Andr&#233;z, P. Y., Popov, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tunable+dispersion+compensator+based+on+a+fiber+Bragg+grating+written+in+a+tapered+fiber.">Tunable dispersion compensator based on a fiber Bragg grating written in a tapered fiber.</a> IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 16, 2631-2633 (2004).</li><li>Rusu, M., Herda, R., Kivist&#246;, S., Okhotnikov, O. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fiber+taper+for+dispersion+management+in+a+mode-locked+ytterbium+fiber+laser.">Fiber taper for dispersion management in a mode-locked ytterbium fiber laser.</a> Optics Letters. 31, 2257-2259 (2006).</li><li>Alfanao, R. R., Shapiro, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emission+in+the+region+4000+to+7000+A+via+four-photon+coupling+in+glass.">Emission in the region 4000 to 7000 A via four-photon coupling in glass.</a> Physical Review Letters. 24, 584-587 (1970).</li><li>Eggleton, B. J., Luther-Davies, B., Richardson, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chalcogenide+photonics.">Chalcogenide photonics.</a> Nature Photonics. 5, 141148 (2011).</li><li>Snopatin, G. E., Shiryaev, V. S., Plotnichenko, V. G., Dianov, E. M., Churbanov, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-purity+chalcogenide+glasses+for+fiber+optics.">High-purity chalcogenide glasses for fiber optics.</a> Inorganic Materials. 45, 1439-1460 (2009).</li><li>Harbold, J. M., Ilday, F. O., Wise, F. W., Sanghera, J. S., Nguyen, V. Q., Shaw, L. B., Aggarwal, I. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+nonlinear+As-S-Se+glasses+for+all-optical+switching.">Highly nonlinear As-S-Se glasses for all-optical switching.</a> Optics Letters. 27, 119-121 (2002).</li><li>Hudson, D. D., Dekker, S. A., Magi, E. C., Judge, A. C., Jackson, S. D., Li, E., Sanghera, J. S., Shaw, L. B., Aggarwal, I. D., Eggleton, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Octave+spanning+supercontinuum+in+an+As2S3+taper+using+ultralow+pump+pulse+energy.">Octave spanning supercontinuum in an As2S3 taper using ultralow pump pulse energy.</a> Optics Letters. 36, 1122-1124 (2011).</li><li>Domachuk, P., Wolchover, N. A., Cronin-Golomb, M., Wang, A., George, A. K., Cordeiro, C. M. B., Knight, J. C., Omenetto, F. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Over+4000+nm+bandwidth+of+mid-IR+supercontinuum+generation+in+sub-centimeter+segments+ofhighly+nonlinear+tellurite+PCFs.">Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments ofhighly nonlinear tellurite PCFs.</a> Optics Express. 6, 7161-7168 (2008).</li><li>Hu, J., Menyuk, C. R., Shaw, L. B., Sanghera, J. S., Aggarwal, I. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maximizing+the+bandwidth+of+supercontinuum+generation+in+As2Se3+chalcogenide+fibers.">Maximizing the bandwidth of supercontinuum generation in As2Se3 chalcogenide fibers.</a> Optics Express. 18, 6722-6739 (2010).</li><li>El-Amraoui, M., Fatome, J., Jules, J. C., Kibler, B., Gadret, G., Fortier, C., Smektala, F., Skripatchev, I., Polacchini, C. F., Messaddeq, Y., Troles, J., Brilland, L., Szpulak, M., Renversez, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strong+infrared+spectral+broadening+inlow-loss+As-S+chalcogenide+suspended+core+microstructured+optical+fibers.">Strong infrared spectral broadening inlow-loss As-S chalcogenide suspended core microstructured optical fibers.</a> Optics Express. 18, 4547-4556 (2010).</li><li>Marandi, A., Leindecker, N., Byer, R. L., Vodopyanov, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coherence+properties+of+a+broadband+femtosecond+mid-IR+optical+parametric+oscillator+operating+at+degeneracy.">Coherence properties of a broadband femtosecond mid-IR optical parametric oscillator operating at degeneracy.</a> Optics Express. 20, 7255-7262 (2012).</li><li>Dudley, J. M., Coen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coherence+properties+of+supercontinuum+spectra+generated+in+photonic+crystal+and+tapered+optical+fibers.">Coherence properties of supercontinuum spectra generated in photonic crystal and tapered optical fibers.</a> Optics Letters. 27, 1180-1182 (2002).</li><li>Corwin, K. L., Newbury, N. R., Dudley, J. M., Coen, S., Diddams, S. A., Weber, K., Windeler, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fundamental+noise+limitations+to+supercontinuum+generation+in+microstructure+fiber.">Fundamental noise limitations to supercontinuum generation in microstructure fiber.</a> Physical Review Letters. 90, 113904 (2003).</li><li>Birks, T. A., Li, Y. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+shape+of+fiber+tapers.">The shape of fiber tapers.</a> Journal of Lightwave Technology. 10, 432-438 (1992).</li><li>Churbanov, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-purity+chalcogenide+glasses+as+materials+for+fiber+optics.">High-purity chalcogenide glasses as materials for fiber optics.</a> Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 184, 25-29 (1995).</li></ol>

我们已经展示了一种新型的纤维逐渐变细的过程，并验证其有效性，在中红外波段进行SCG。据我们所知，该应用程序的另一种方法是基于确定需要创建添加足够的波导色散优化SCG通过计算在纤维锥度的锥形纤维直径的拉光纤的长度，但是，由于需要的拉伸长度最大限度地为特定长度的光纤光谱展宽变化每次实验中，该计算值只是一个近似值。替代方法，然后要求纤维逐渐变细，以创建和测试一个?...

首次在可见光波长范围内产生后1,7 SCG来源已转向中红外光谱的应用程序，主要是由于3，4的硫系纤维，其中包括硫化物，硒，碲，一直是受欢迎的题材。中红外由于其低传输损耗和高非线性，18小于100分贝/公里19〜200次，二氧化硅为2 S 3，20 分别然而，大多数的硫族化合物的零色散波长位于中红外，超越的大部分可用的超快泵浦源的中心波长，使SCG具有挑战性的散装材料或标准单模硫系光纤。波导色散可以用来修改零色散点为SCG 7引入强波导色散的方法包括逐渐变细的纤维，8，21，使用微结构光纤，22-24或的组合的两个10通过转向的零色散波长的泵浦光波长以下时，水泵会遇到反常色散光纤中的。在反常色散区，孤子的形成是通过平衡的非线性引起的自相位调制和GVD引起的线性啁啾啁啾。飞秒泵浦源，光谱展宽通常是占主导地位的孤子裂变或断脉冲，作为脉冲沿光纤传播后，会出现一个初始的时间压缩。7逐渐变细的纤维的情况下，计算总的GVD包括物质和波导色散可以提供一个近似的最终产生显着扩大的频谱所需的圆锥直径。由于SCG GVD和试验，包括前锥形区域和耦合泵纤维的纤维长度的变化波动之间的依赖性强，计算出的近似值是不够的f或达到优化的锥度，在一个单一的审判。光谱监测可以被观察和占原位尖细的这些变化在实验装置。 此外，生成一个有效的超连续谱（SC）在很短的锥形光纤25日至27日正确的色散管理，因此， 在必要性减少的量保非线性噪声放大的连贯性，SCG和泵浦源的频率梳性能。 就地减量，变得更加重要，当纤维长度短，SCG容忍尺度长度。 中原位的逐渐变细的安装开始的泵浦源，这是次谐波锁模的掺Er光纤激光器，耦合到9的As 2 S 3的纤维，这将是锥形的核心。然后，在光纤的输出耦合到一个设备的特征的频谱的配置文​​件。在实验的耳鼻喉科，InSb探测器〜20 nm的分辨率后，单色仪是用来监视的输出频谱的一部分，最初是从泵浦源（〜3.9微米）的非常低的信号使纤维可能会被监控，而逐渐减量。当纤维是锥形的频谱变宽，光谱测量信号作为分散增加个别实验优化。通过监测的频谱在逐渐变细的过程中，逐渐变细，可以停止的那一刻时，光谱展宽的已被最大化。 原位逐渐变细，允许优化色散管理在一个单一的锥形光纤的高效SCG。尖细带静电，窄的热区生产短纤维锥腰，28允许低噪声SCG。在一起，原地静态减量可以启用连贯，低噪声，在中红外倍频跨越SCG。

<table border="1">
		<tbody>
		 <tr>
			<td>Name of Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Motorized Linear Stages</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>MFA-PPD</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Motorized Stage Controller</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>ESP301</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Aluminum Block</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dimensions will vary depending on desired taper length.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>RTD Sensor</td>
			<td>Omega</td>
			<td>1PT100GX1510</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Cartridge Heaters</td>
			<td>Omega</td>
			<td>CSS-01115/120V</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Temperature Controller</td>
			<td>Omega</td>
			<td>CSC32</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Input Coupling Linear Translation Stage</td>
			<td>CVI</td>
			<td>07TXS224</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Output Coupling Linear Translation Stage</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>422-1S</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>XYZ Linear Translation Stage</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>461</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Assorted posts, optics mounts, bases, and forks</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Optical Breadboard</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>MB12</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Input Coupling ZnSe Lens</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>AL72512-E</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors. Input coupling focal length depends on pump source and fiber mode field diameter.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Output Coupling ZnSe Lens</td>
			<td>Edmund Optics</td>
			<td>NT62-961</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Box</td>
			<td>Any type will do.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Must be large enough to allow stage movement. Needs apertures for input and output coupling of light.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Ceramic Optical Post</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Digital Microscope</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Optional.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Table Clamps</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>CL5</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Bare Fiber clamps</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>HFF003</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
		 <td></td>
		 <td></td>
		 <td></td>
		 <td>Table 1. Tapering Setup Materials.</td>
	 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>As2S3 Optical Fiber</td>
			<td>Fiber Optics Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Available from other vendors, such as CorActive. </td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Beavertail Cleaver</td>
			<td>Fiber Network Tools</td>
			<td>S-315</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors. Hand cleaving or polishing fiber tips can also produce high quality fiber tips.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>KimWipes</td>
			<td>Kimberly-Clark Professional</td>
			<td>34120</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Acetone, Isopropanol</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
		 <td></td>
		 <td></td>
		 <td></td>
		 <td>Table 2. Materials for Chalcogenide Fiber Preparation.</td>
	 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Pyrocam</td>
			<td>Ophir Photonics</td>
			<td>Pyrocam III Series</td>
			<td>Any camera with sensitivity at pump wavelength will work.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Monochromator</td>
			<td>Photon Technology International</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>A 100 line/mm grating was used. Any spectral measurement device will work (e.g. longpass filter). </td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>CaF2 Lenses</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>LB5922</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>InAs Filter</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Amplified InSb Detector</td>
			<td>Hamamatsu</td>
			<td>P4631-03</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Computer</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>DAQ</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>USB X Series</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Labview software for motorized stages</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Optional. Custom program.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Labview software for collecting detector data</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Optional. Custom program.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Assorted posts, optics mounts, bases, and forks</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>1" Gold mirrors</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Chopper and controller</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td>SRS Model SR540</td>
			<td>Optional. Depends on detector being used.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
		 <td></td>
		 <td></td>
		 <td></td>
		 <td>Table 3. Materials for In-situ Tapering Procedure.</td>
	 </tr>
		</tbody>
 </table>

in-situ tapering of chalcogenide fiber for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation

产生超（SCG）在一个锥形的硫系光纤是可取的扩大应用，如分子指纹，3痕量气体检测，4中红外（中红外，大约2-20微米波长范围）频率梳1，2实现高效的SCG的锥形光纤通过产生高次谐波的激光驱动的粒子加速，5和X-射线生产6开头的需要精确控制的群速度色散（GVD）和光脉冲的时间属性纤维，强烈地依赖于锥形的几何形状。8由于连续SCG实验，如纤维长度，逐渐变细的环境温度，或耦合进光纤的功率在逐渐变细的安装和程序的变化，原位光谱监测对SCG是需要优化的输出频谱的一个单一的实验。 的原位为SCG逐渐变细的纤维，包括通过光纤泵浦源耦合到光谱测量装置是锥形的。然后，该纤维是锥形的，而光谱的测量信号被实时地观察到。当信号达到其鼎盛时期，逐渐变细停止。逐渐变细的过程中原位允许产生一个稳定的，跨越倍频程，中红外频率梳从副谐波将市售的近红外光频率梳。9此方法降低了成本，由于减少所需的时间和材料制作最佳的锥度与腰的长度只有2毫米。 中原位的逐渐变细的技术可以扩展优化SCG为熔融光纤耦合器12，波分复用器（WDM），13 10或调谐的通带的MOF 11优化的锥形光纤对微结构光纤（MOF）14-16或修改色散补偿的光脉冲压缩的或拉伸。

的原位的逐渐变细的过程成功完成后，泵的频谱扩大，以包括从2.2至5微米（在约低40分贝的峰值）， 如图3所示。 2 S 3光纤泵脉冲能量为250〜100飞秒的初始脉冲长度下PJ。的短的长的锥形腰身〜2.1毫米，允许产生一个宽带，相干SC。这保留泵源频率梳性能。更多信息频率梳及其他性质的SCG可能会发现在1。 从单模作为2 S 3</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation at JoVE.com

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

我们描述了一种方法<em&gt;在原地</em&gt;尖细作为<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; S<sub&gt; 3</sub纤维实现高效中红外超连续谱产生。通过逐渐变细，同时监测超连续谱的光谱，可以最大化的频谱宽度为锥形光纤。<em&gt;在原位</em&gt;纤维逐渐变细，可以应用其他的纤维为基础的设备的性能进行优化。

原位减量硫系中红外光纤产生超连续谱

Supercontinuum  generation (SCG) in a tapered chalcogenide fiber is desirable for broadening mid-infrared  (or mid-IR, roughly the 2-20 &mu;m wavelength ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

制造超材料使用光纤拉丝法

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1. They owe ...

科研

工程学

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

原位中子衍射用特制的锂离子电池

Li-ion batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices and are considered as promising candidates for higher-energy applications such as electric ...

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

对于高分辨率温度场测绘光纤分布式传感器

The reliability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes is checked by comparing simulations with experimental data. A typical data set consists ...

Electrospray Deposition of Uniform Thickness Ge23Sb7S70 and As40S60 Chalcogenide Glass Films

Electrospray Deposition of Uniform Thickness Ge23Sb7S70 and As40S60 Chalcogenide Glass Films

厚度均匀葛电沉积<sub&gt; 23</sub&gt;锑<sub&gt; 7</sub&gt;取值<sub&gt; 70</sub&gt;和As<sub&gt; 40</sub&gt;取值<sub&gt; 60</sub&gt;硫系玻璃薄膜

Solution-based electrospray film deposition, which is compatible with continuous, roll-to-roll processing, is applied to chalcogenide glasses. Two ...

High Temperature Fabrication of Nanostructured Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia (YSZ) Scaffolds by In Situ Carbon Templating Xerogels

High Temperature Fabrication of Nanostructured Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia YSZ Scaffolds by In Situ Carbon Templating Xerogels

通过纳米氧化钇稳定的二氧化锆（YSZ）的支架的高温加工<em&gt;原位</em&gt;碳模板干凝胶

We demonstrate a method for the high temperature fabrication of porous, nanostructured yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ, 8 mol% yttria - 92 mol% zirconia) ...

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

一种新的方法<em&gt;原位</em&gt;纳米级样品的机电表征

Electrically assisted deformation (EAD) is increasingly being used to improve the formability of metals during processes such as sheet metal rolling and ...

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

基于 LiPON 的固态锂离子 Nanobatteries 的聚焦离子束制备方法在原位测试中的研究

Solid-state electrolytes are a promising replacement for current organic liquid electrolytes, enabling higher energy densities and improved safety of ...

Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors

提高纤维增强聚合物穗锚质量控制的安装方法

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) anchors are a promising way to enhance the performance of externally-bonded FRPs applied to existing structures, as they ...

Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic Needle Tip Tracking with a Fiber-Optic Ultrasound Receiver

基于光纤超声接收机的三维超声针尖跟踪

Ultrasound is frequently used for guiding minimally invasive procedures, but visualizing medical devices is often challenging with this imaging modality. ...

Experimental Procedure for Laboratory Studies of In Situ Burning : Flammability and Burning Efficiency of Crude Oil

Experimental Procedure for Laboratory Studies of In Situ Burning : Flammability and Burning Efficiency of Crude Oil

原位燃烧试验方法: 原油可燃性和燃烧效率

A new method for the simultaneous study of the flammability and burning efficiency of fresh and weathered crude oil through two experimental laboratory ...