Name: in-situ tapering of chalcogenide fiber for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation
Uploaded: 2013-05-27T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation at JoVE.com

Forfatterne vil gerne takke G. Shambat, C. Phillips, K. Aghaei for uvurderlige diskussioner, F. Afshinmanesh til SEM billeder, T. Marvdashti for eksperimentel support og MF Churbanov og GE Snopatin fra Institut for Kemi af High-Renhed Stoffer og VG Plotnichenko og EM Dianov fra Fiber Optics Research Center i den russiske videnskabsakademi for at levere Som 2 S 3 fiber. Vi er også taknemmelige for støtte fra Office of Naval Research, NASA, Air Force Kontoret for Videnskabelig Forskning, Agilent, og Det Fælles Technologies kontoret.

1.. Tapering Setup Fabrication (Se Assembled Setup i figur 1) <ol><li> Sikre de motoriserede lineære føringer på breadboard (groft centreret), så at de faser er i kontakt, og vil oversætte mod og bort fra hinanden </li><li> Forberede og placere fiber mounts <ol><li> Fastgør to optiske stillinger til de motoriserede lineære fase plader (en hver) ved hjælp af hullerne tættest på hinanden. </li><li> Fastgør de nøgne optiske fibre mounts til toppen af ​​stolperne. Sørg for, at v-riller til fiberen er just...

<ol>
	<li>Marandi, A., Rudy, C. W., Plotnichenko, V. G., Dianov, E. M., Vodopyanov, K. L., Byer, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mid-infrared+supercontinuum+generation+in+tapered+chalcogenide+fiber+for+producing+octave-spanning+frequency+comb+around+3+&#956;m.">Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in tapered chalcogenide fiber for producing octave-spanning frequency comb around 3 &#956;m.</a> Optics Express. 20, 24218-24225 (2012).</li><li>Schliesser, A., Picque, N., Hansch, T. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mid-infrared+frequency+combs.">Mid-infrared frequency combs.</a> Nature Photonics. 6, 440-449 (2012).</li><li>Diddams, S. A., Hollberg, L., Mbele, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+fingerprinting+with+the+resolved+modes+of+a+femtosecond+laser+frequency+comb.">Molecular fingerprinting with the resolved modes of a femtosecond laser frequency comb.</a> Nature. 445, 627-630 (2007).</li><li>Thorpe, M. J., Balslev-Clausen, D., Kirchner, M. S., Ye, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cavity-enhanced+optical+frequency+comb+spectroscopy:+application+to+human+breath+analysis.">Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy: application to human breath analysis.</a> Optics Express. 16, 2387-2397 (2008).</li><li>Sears, C. M. S., Colby, E., England, R. J., Ischebeck, R., McGuinness, C., Nelson, J., Noble, R., Siemann, R. H., Spencer, J., Walz, D., Plettner, T., Byer, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phase+stable+net+acceleration+of+electrons+from+a+two-stage+optical+accelerator.">Phase stable net acceleration of electrons from a two-stage optical accelerator.</a> Physical Review Letters. 11, 101301 (2008).</li><li>Popmintchev, T., Chen, M. C., Arpin, P., Murnane, M. M., Kapteyn, H. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+attosecond+nonlinear+optics+ofbright+coherent+X-ray+generation.">The attosecond nonlinear optics ofbright coherent X-ray generation.</a> Nature Photonics. 4, 822-832 (2010).</li><li>Dudley, J. M., Taylor, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Supercontinuum generation in optical fibers. , (2010).</li><li>Birks, T. A., Wadsworth, W. J., Russell, P. S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Supercontinuum+generation+in+tapered+fibers.">Supercontinuum generation in tapered fibers.</a> Optics Letters. 25, 1415-1417 (2000).</li><li>Leindecker, N., Marandi, A., Byer, R. L., Vodopyanov, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Broadband+degenerate+OPO+for+mid-infrared+frequency+comb+generation.">Broadband degenerate OPO for mid-infrared frequency comb generation.</a> Optics Express. 19, 6296-6302 (2011).</li><li>Liao, M., Yan, X., Gao, W., Duan, Z., Qin, G., Suzuki, T., Ohishi, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Five-order+SRSs+and+supercontinuum+generation+from+a+tapered+tellurite+microstructured+fiber+with+longitudinally+varying+dispersion.">Five-order SRSs and supercontinuum generation from a tapered tellurite microstructured fiber with longitudinally varying dispersion.</a> Optics Express. 19, 15389-15396 (2011).</li><li>M&#228;gi, E. C., Steinvurzel, P., Eggleton, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tapered+photonic+crystal+fibers.">Tapered photonic crystal fibers.</a> Optics Express. 12, 776-784 (2004).</li><li>Ozeki, T., Kawasaki, B. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+directional+coupler+using+tapered+sections+in+multimode+fibers.">Optical directional coupler using tapered sections in multimode fibers.</a> Applied Physics Letters. 28, 528-529 (1976).</li><li>Yataki, M. S., Payne, D. N., Varnahm, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=All-fibre+wavelength+filters+using+concatenated+fused-taper+couplers.">All-fibre wavelength filters using concatenated fused-taper couplers.</a> Electronic Letters. 21, 248-249 (1985).</li><li>Chandalia, J. K., Eggleton, B. J., Windeler, R. S., Kosinski, S. G., Liu, X., Xu, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adiabatic+coupling+in+tapered+air-silica+microstructured+optical+fiber.">Adiabatic coupling in tapered air-silica microstructured optical fiber.</a> IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 13, 52-54 (2001).</li><li>Mora, J., D&#237;ez, A., Fonjallaz Andr&#233;z, P. Y., Popov, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tunable+dispersion+compensator+based+on+a+fiber+Bragg+grating+written+in+a+tapered+fiber.">Tunable dispersion compensator based on a fiber Bragg grating written in a tapered fiber.</a> IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 16, 2631-2633 (2004).</li><li>Rusu, M., Herda, R., Kivist&#246;, S., Okhotnikov, O. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fiber+taper+for+dispersion+management+in+a+mode-locked+ytterbium+fiber+laser.">Fiber taper for dispersion management in a mode-locked ytterbium fiber laser.</a> Optics Letters. 31, 2257-2259 (2006).</li><li>Alfanao, R. R., Shapiro, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emission+in+the+region+4000+to+7000+A+via+four-photon+coupling+in+glass.">Emission in the region 4000 to 7000 A via four-photon coupling in glass.</a> Physical Review Letters. 24, 584-587 (1970).</li><li>Eggleton, B. J., Luther-Davies, B., Richardson, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chalcogenide+photonics.">Chalcogenide photonics.</a> Nature Photonics. 5, 141148 (2011).</li><li>Snopatin, G. E., Shiryaev, V. S., Plotnichenko, V. G., Dianov, E. M., Churbanov, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-purity+chalcogenide+glasses+for+fiber+optics.">High-purity chalcogenide glasses for fiber optics.</a> Inorganic Materials. 45, 1439-1460 (2009).</li><li>Harbold, J. M., Ilday, F. O., Wise, F. W., Sanghera, J. S., Nguyen, V. Q., Shaw, L. B., Aggarwal, I. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+nonlinear+As-S-Se+glasses+for+all-optical+switching.">Highly nonlinear As-S-Se glasses for all-optical switching.</a> Optics Letters. 27, 119-121 (2002).</li><li>Hudson, D. D., Dekker, S. A., Magi, E. C., Judge, A. C., Jackson, S. D., Li, E., Sanghera, J. S., Shaw, L. B., Aggarwal, I. D., Eggleton, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Octave+spanning+supercontinuum+in+an+As2S3+taper+using+ultralow+pump+pulse+energy.">Octave spanning supercontinuum in an As2S3 taper using ultralow pump pulse energy.</a> Optics Letters. 36, 1122-1124 (2011).</li><li>Domachuk, P., Wolchover, N. A., Cronin-Golomb, M., Wang, A., George, A. K., Cordeiro, C. M. B., Knight, J. C., Omenetto, F. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Over+4000+nm+bandwidth+of+mid-IR+supercontinuum+generation+in+sub-centimeter+segments+ofhighly+nonlinear+tellurite+PCFs.">Over 4000 nm bandwidth of mid-IR supercontinuum generation in sub-centimeter segments ofhighly nonlinear tellurite PCFs.</a> Optics Express. 6, 7161-7168 (2008).</li><li>Hu, J., Menyuk, C. R., Shaw, L. B., Sanghera, J. S., Aggarwal, I. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maximizing+the+bandwidth+of+supercontinuum+generation+in+As2Se3+chalcogenide+fibers.">Maximizing the bandwidth of supercontinuum generation in As2Se3 chalcogenide fibers.</a> Optics Express. 18, 6722-6739 (2010).</li><li>El-Amraoui, M., Fatome, J., Jules, J. C., Kibler, B., Gadret, G., Fortier, C., Smektala, F., Skripatchev, I., Polacchini, C. F., Messaddeq, Y., Troles, J., Brilland, L., Szpulak, M., Renversez, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strong+infrared+spectral+broadening+inlow-loss+As-S+chalcogenide+suspended+core+microstructured+optical+fibers.">Strong infrared spectral broadening inlow-loss As-S chalcogenide suspended core microstructured optical fibers.</a> Optics Express. 18, 4547-4556 (2010).</li><li>Marandi, A., Leindecker, N., Byer, R. L., Vodopyanov, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coherence+properties+of+a+broadband+femtosecond+mid-IR+optical+parametric+oscillator+operating+at+degeneracy.">Coherence properties of a broadband femtosecond mid-IR optical parametric oscillator operating at degeneracy.</a> Optics Express. 20, 7255-7262 (2012).</li><li>Dudley, J. M., Coen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coherence+properties+of+supercontinuum+spectra+generated+in+photonic+crystal+and+tapered+optical+fibers.">Coherence properties of supercontinuum spectra generated in photonic crystal and tapered optical fibers.</a> Optics Letters. 27, 1180-1182 (2002).</li><li>Corwin, K. L., Newbury, N. R., Dudley, J. M., Coen, S., Diddams, S. A., Weber, K., Windeler, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fundamental+noise+limitations+to+supercontinuum+generation+in+microstructure+fiber.">Fundamental noise limitations to supercontinuum generation in microstructure fiber.</a> Physical Review Letters. 90, 113904 (2003).</li><li>Birks, T. A., Li, Y. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+shape+of+fiber+tapers.">The shape of fiber tapers.</a> Journal of Lightwave Technology. 10, 432-438 (1992).</li><li>Churbanov, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-purity+chalcogenide+glasses+as+materials+for+fiber+optics.">High-purity chalcogenide glasses as materials for fiber optics.</a> Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 184, 25-29 (1995).</li></ol>

Vi har demonstreret en ny fiber tilspidsende procedure og verificeret dens gyldighed ved at udføre SCG i midten IR. Til den bedste af vores viden, er den alternative metode for denne ansøgning er baseret på bestemmelse af fiberen trække nødvendige længde for at skabe en tilspidset fiberdiameter der tilføjer nok bølgelederdispersion at optimere SCG i fiberen tilspidsning ved beregning, men da den trækker længde nødvendig at maksimere den spektrale udvidelse til en bestemt længde af fiber varierer for hvert ek...

Efter at være først produceret i det synlige bølgelængdeområde 1,7 SCG kilder har forskudt mod midten IR, høj grad drevet af applikationer i spektroskopi. 3, 4 chalcogenide fibre, som omfatter sulfider, selenider og tellurider, har været et populært materiale til midten IR grund af deres lave udbredelsestab og høj linearitet, 18 mindre end 100 dB / km 19 og ~ 200 gange så silica for As 2 S 3, 20 henholdsvis. Imidlertid er nul GVD bølgelængde fleste chalcogenides placeret i midten IR, over midten bølgelængde størstedelen af ​​tilgængelige ultrahurtige pumpe kilder, gør SCG udfordrende i en bulkmateriale eller en standard single mode chalcogenide fiber. Bølgelederdispersion kan anvendes til at modificere nul GVD point for SCG. 7 Metoder til indføring stærk bølgelederdispersion omfatter fiber tilspidsende, 8, 21, ved hjælp af mikrostrukturerede fibre, 22-24 ellerselv en kombination af de to. 10. Ved at flytte nul GVD bølgelængde under pumpens bølgelængde, vil pumpen opleve anomale dispersion i fiberen. I den anomale dispersion ordning forekommer solitonen dannelse gennem afbalancere den ulineære chirp forårsaget af selvstændig fase modulation og den lineære chirp forårsaget af GVD. For en femtosekund pumpe kilde, er spektral udvidelse sædvanligvis domineret af soliton fission eller puls bryde, som opstår efter en indledende tidsmæssig kompression pulsen udbreder langs fiberen. 7. I tilfælde af fiber tilspidsende, beregningen af det samlede GVD-herunder både materiale og bølgelederdispersion-kan give en tilnærmelse af den endelige konus diameter nødvendig for at producere en væsentligt udvidet spektrum. Grundet SCG stærke afhængighed af GVD og svingninger mellem eksperimentelle forsøg, inklusive ændringer i fiberlængden før tilspidsede regionen og kobling af pumpen til fiber, er den beregnede tilnærmelse ikke tilstrækkeligt feller opnå en optimeret tilspidsning i et enkelt forsøg. Spectral overvågning giver mulighed for disse variationer i forsøgsopstilling, der skal overholdes, og tegnede sig for i in-situ nedtrapning. Desuden genererer en effektiv superkontinuum (SC) i en kort tilspidset fiber reducerer mængden af lineære støj forstærkning bevare sammenhængen i SCG og hyppigheden kam egenskaber pumpekilde. 25-27 Korrekt dispersion forvaltning, og derfor nødvendigheden af i situ tapering, bliver endnu mere kritisk, når fiberen er kort, da SCG tolerance skalaer med længden. In situ-tilspidsende opsætningen begynder med pumpen kilde, som er subharmoniske af en mode-locked Er-doteret fiber laser, 9 koblet ind i kernen af As 2 S 3 fiber, der vil være tilspidset. Udgangen af ​​fiberen kobles derefter til en enhed, der kendetegner den spektrale profil. I experiment, en InSb detektor efter en monochromator med ~ 20 nm opløsning bruges til at overvåge en del af produktionen spektrum, hvor der er oprindeligt en meget lavt signal fra pumpen kilde (på ~ 3,9 um), således at fiberen kan overvåges, mens tilspidset. Når fiberen er tilspidset og spektret udvider, er den spektrale målesignal stiger spredningen optimeret til den enkelte eksperiment. Ved at overvåge spektret under tilspidsende proceduren, kan tilspidsede stoppes på det tidspunkt, hvor den spektrale udvidelse er maksimeret. In-situ tilspidsende muliggør optimeret dispersion forvaltning til effektiv SCG i en enkelt fiber taper. Tapering med en statisk, smal varmezone frembringer en kort fiber tilspidsningstaljen, 28, som giver mulighed for støjsvag SCG. Sammen kan in-situ statisk nedtrapning muliggøre sammenhængende, støjsvag, oktav-spænder SCG i midten IR.

<table border="1">
		<tbody>
		 <tr>
			<td>Name of Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Motorized Linear Stages</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>MFA-PPD</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Motorized Stage Controller</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>ESP301</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Aluminum Block</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dimensions will vary depending on desired taper length.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>RTD Sensor</td>
			<td>Omega</td>
			<td>1PT100GX1510</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Cartridge Heaters</td>
			<td>Omega</td>
			<td>CSS-01115/120V</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Temperature Controller</td>
			<td>Omega</td>
			<td>CSC32</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Input Coupling Linear Translation Stage</td>
			<td>CVI</td>
			<td>07TXS224</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Output Coupling Linear Translation Stage</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>422-1S</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>XYZ Linear Translation Stage</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>461</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Assorted posts, optics mounts, bases, and forks</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Optical Breadboard</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>MB12</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Input Coupling ZnSe Lens</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>AL72512-E</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors. Input coupling focal length depends on pump source and fiber mode field diameter.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Output Coupling ZnSe Lens</td>
			<td>Edmund Optics</td>
			<td>NT62-961</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Box</td>
			<td>Any type will do.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Must be large enough to allow stage movement. Needs apertures for input and output coupling of light.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Ceramic Optical Post</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Digital Microscope</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Optional.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Table Clamps</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>CL5</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Bare Fiber clamps</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>HFF003</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
		 <td></td>
		 <td></td>
		 <td></td>
		 <td>Table 1. Tapering Setup Materials.</td>
	 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>As2S3 Optical Fiber</td>
			<td>Fiber Optics Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Available from other vendors, such as CorActive. </td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Beavertail Cleaver</td>
			<td>Fiber Network Tools</td>
			<td>S-315</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors. Hand cleaving or polishing fiber tips can also produce high quality fiber tips.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>KimWipes</td>
			<td>Kimberly-Clark Professional</td>
			<td>34120</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Acetone, Isopropanol</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
		 <td></td>
		 <td></td>
		 <td></td>
		 <td>Table 2. Materials for Chalcogenide Fiber Preparation.</td>
	 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Pyrocam</td>
			<td>Ophir Photonics</td>
			<td>Pyrocam III Series</td>
			<td>Any camera with sensitivity at pump wavelength will work.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Monochromator</td>
			<td>Photon Technology International</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>A 100 line/mm grating was used. Any spectral measurement device will work (e.g. longpass filter). </td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>CaF2 Lenses</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>LB5922</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>InAs Filter</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Amplified InSb Detector</td>
			<td>Hamamatsu</td>
			<td>P4631-03</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Computer</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>DAQ</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>USB X Series</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Labview software for motorized stages</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Optional. Custom program.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Labview software for collecting detector data</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Optional. Custom program.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Assorted posts, optics mounts, bases, and forks</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>1" Gold mirrors</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Chopper and controller</td>
			<td>Any vendor.</td>
			<td>SRS Model SR540</td>
			<td>Optional. Depends on detector being used.</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
		 <td></td>
		 <td></td>
		 <td></td>
		 <td>Table 3. Materials for In-situ Tapering Procedure.</td>
	 </tr>
		</tbody>
 </table>

in-situ tapering of chalcogenide fiber for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation

Supercontinuum generation (SCG) i en tilspidset chalcogenide fiber er ønskeligt at udvide midt-infrarød (eller midt-IR, nogenlunde 2-20 um bølgelængdeområdet) frekvens kamme 1, 2 til applikationer såsom molekylær fingeraftryk, 3 spor gas afsløring, 4 laser-drevet partikel acceleration, 5 og røntgen produktion via high harmonisk generation. 6. Opnåelse effektiv SCG i en tilspidset optisk fiber kræver præcis kontrol af gruppen hastighed dispersion (GVD) og de ​​tidsmæssige egenskaber optiske pulser ved begyndelsen af fiber, 7, der er stærkt afhængige af geometrien af konus. 8. grund af variationer i de skrå setup og procedure for successiv SCG eksperimenter-såsom fiber længde, tilspidsende miljø temperatur, eller effekt koblet ind i fiberen, in-situ spektral overvågning af SCG er nødvendigt at optimere produktionen frekvenser til en enkelt eksperiment. In situ-fiber tilspidsende til SCG består af kobling af pumpen kilde gennem fiberen at være tilspidset til en spektral måleindretning. Fiberen er derefter tilspidset mens den spektrale målesignal er observeret i realtid. Når signalet når sit højdepunkt, er de skrå stoppet. Den in-situ nedtrapning procedure giver mulighed for generering af et stabilt, oktav-spænder, mid-IR frekvens kam fra sub harmoniske af en kommercielt tilgængelig nær-IR frekvens kam. 9. Denne metode sænker omkostningerne som følge af nedsættelsen i tid og nødvendige materialer at fremstille en optimal tilspidsning med en talje længde på kun 2 mm. Den in-situ nedtrapning teknik kan udvides til optimering mikrostruktureret optisk fiber (MOF) for SCG 10 eller tuning af passband MOFs, 11 optimere koniske fiberpar for smeltet fiber koblingerne 12 og bølgelængde division multipleksere (WDMs), 13eller ændre dispersion kompensation til kompression eller strækning af optiske pulser. 14-16

Efter en vellykket afslutning af in-situ nedtrapning procedure, udvidet pumpens spektrum til at dække 2,2-5 um (på ~ 40 dB under peak), som det ses i figur 3.. Pumpen puls energi i som 2 S 3 fiber var ~ 250 PJ med en indledende puls længde under 100 fsec. Den korte længde af tilspidsede taljen, ~ 2,1 mm, giver mulighed for generering af en bredbåndsforbindelse, sammenhængende SC. Dette bevarer de frekvensbånd kam egenskaber pumpekilde. Mere information om frekvens k...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation at JoVE.com

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

Vi beskriver en fremgangsmåde til<em&gt; In-situ</em&gt; Tilspidsede af As<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; S<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; Fibre for at opnå en effektiv mid-infrarødt superkontinuum generation. Ved nedtrapning samtidig overvåge superkontinuum spektrum, kan den spektrale bredde maksimeres for en fiber taper.<em&gt; In-situ</em&gt; Fiber tapering kan anvendes til at optimere ydeevnen af ​​andre fiber-baserede enheder.

In-situ Tapering af chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrarødt Supercontinuum Generation

Supercontinuum  generation (SCG) in a tapered chalcogenide fiber is desirable for broadening mid-infrared  (or mid-IR, roughly the 2-20 &mu;m wavelength ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

In-situ Tapering of Chalcogenide Fiber for Mid-infrared Supercontinuum Generation

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Opdigte Metamaterialer Brug af Fiber Tegning Method

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1. They owe ...

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

In Situ Neutron pulverdiffraktion Brug Skræddersyede lithium-ion batterier

Li-ion batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices and are considered as promising candidates for higher-energy applications such as electric ...

Fiber Optic Distributed Sensors for High-resolution Temperature Field Mapping

Fiber Optic Distribuerede Sensorer til høj opløsning Temperature Field Mapping

The reliability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes is checked by comparing simulations with experimental data. A typical data set consists ...

Electrospray Deposition of Uniform Thickness Ge23Sb7S70 and As40S60 Chalcogenide Glass Films

Electrospray Deposition of Uniform Thickness Ge23Sb7S70 and As40S60 Chalcogenide Glass Films

Elektrospraymassespek Deposition af ensartet tykkelse Ge<sub&gt; 23</sub&gt; Sb<sub&gt; 7</sub&gt; S<sub&gt; 70</sub&gt; Og As<sub&gt; 40</sub&gt; S<sub&gt; 60</sub&gt; chalcogenid Glas Films

Solution-based electrospray film deposition, which is compatible with continuous, roll-to-roll processing, is applied to chalcogenide glasses. Two ...

High Temperature Fabrication of Nanostructured Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia (YSZ) Scaffolds by In Situ Carbon Templating Xerogels

High Temperature Fabrication of Nanostructured Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia YSZ Scaffolds by In Situ Carbon Templating Xerogels

Høj temperatur Fabrikation af nanostrukturerede yttriastabiliseret-Zirconia (YSZ) Stilladser ved<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Carbon Templatering Xerogeler

We demonstrate a method for the high temperature fabrication of porous, nanostructured yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ, 8 mol% yttria - 92 mol% zirconia) ...

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

A Novel Method for In Situ Electromechanical Characterization of Nanoscale Specimens

En ny metode til<em&gt; I situ</em&gt; Elektromekanisk karakterisering af nanoskalaeksempler

Electrically assisted deformation (EAD) is increasingly being used to improve the formability of metals during processes such as sheet metal rolling and ...

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

Fokuseret Ion Beam fabrikation af LiPON-baseret Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries til In Situ test

Solid-state electrolytes are a promising replacement for current organic liquid electrolytes, enabling higher energy densities and improved safety of ...

Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors

Installationsmetode til at forbedre kvalitetskontrol for Fiber forstærket Polymer Spike ankre

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) anchors are a promising way to enhance the performance of externally-bonded FRPs applied to existing structures, as they ...

Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic Needle Tip Tracking with a Fiber-Optic Ultrasound Receiver

Tre-dimensionelle ultralyd nål Tip sporing med en Fiber-optisk ultralyd modtager

Ultrasound is frequently used for guiding minimally invasive procedures, but visualizing medical devices is often challenging with this imaging modality. ...

Experimental Procedure for Laboratory Studies of In Situ Burning : Flammability and Burning Efficiency of Crude Oil

Experimental Procedure for Laboratory Studies of In Situ Burning : Flammability and Burning Efficiency of Crude Oil

Eksperimentel Procedure for laboratorieundersøgelser af In Situ brændende: brændbarhed og brændende effektivitet af råolie

A new method for the simultaneous study of the flammability and burning efficiency of fresh and weathered crude oil through two experimental laboratory ...