Name: fabrication, operation and flow visualization in surface-acoustic-wave-driven acoustic-counterflow microfluidics
Uploaded: 2013-08-27T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics at JoVE.com

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1.. Device Fabrication <ol><li> Design to fotomasker, den første for mønstret overflade akustiske bølge (SAW) lag og det andet til polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) mikrokanalplade skimmel. <ol><li> Den første fotomaske har et par modstående interdigital transducere (IDTs)-også kendt som en SAW forsinkelse line-og markører for kanal tilpasning og rumlig reference under mikroskopi. I vores standard enhed vi har single-elektrode IDTs med en finger bredde p = 10 um, blænde på 750 um og 25 lige finger par. Den ...

<ol>
	<li>Masini, L., Cecchini, M., Girardo, S., Cingolani, R., Pisignano, D., Beltram, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface-acoustic-wave+counterflow+micropumps+for+on-chip+liquid+motion+control+in+two-dimensional+microchannel+arrays.">Surface-acoustic-wave counterflow micropumps for on-chip liquid motion control in two-dimensional microchannel arrays.</a> Lab on a Chip. 10 (15), 1997-2000 (2010).</li><li>Travagliati, M., De Simoni, G., Lazzarini, C. M., Piazza, V., Beltram, F., Cecchini, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interaction-free,+automatic,+on-chip+fluid+routing+by+surface+acoustic+waves.">Interaction-free, automatic, on-chip fluid routing by surface acoustic waves.</a> Lab on a Chip. 12 (15), 2621-2624 (2012).</li><li>Wixforth, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acoustically+driven+planar+microfluidics.">Acoustically driven planar microfluidics.</a> Superlattices and Microstructures. 33 (5), 389-396 (2003).</li><li>Friend, J., Yeo, L. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microscale+acoustofluidics:+Microfluidics+driven+via+acoustics+and+ultrasonics.">Microscale acoustofluidics: Microfluidics driven via acoustics and ultrasonics.</a> Reviews of Modern Physics. 83 (2), 647-64 (2011).</li><li>Tan, M. K., Yeo, L. Y., Friend, J. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=LabCD:+a+centrifuge-based+microfluidic+platform+for+diagnostics.">LabCD: a centrifuge-based microfluidic platform for diagnostics.</a> Proceedings of SPIE. 3259, 80 (1998).</li><li>Cecchini, M., Girardo, S., Pisignano, D., Cingolani, R., Beltram, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acoustic-counterflow+microfluidics+by+surface+acoustic+waves.">Acoustic-counterflow microfluidics by surface acoustic waves.</a> Applied Physics Letters. 92 (10), 104103 (2008).</li><li>Campbell, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Surface acoustic wave devices for mobile and wireless communications. 1, (1998).</li><li>Hashimoto, K. 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R., Tjeung, R., Chan, P., Yeo, L. Y., Friend, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organosilane+deposition+for+microfluidic+applications.">Organosilane deposition for microfluidic applications.</a> Biomicrofluidics. 5 (3), 036501 (2011).</li><li>Wereley, S. T., Meinhart, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+advances+in+micro-particle+image+velocimetry.">Recent advances in micro-particle image velocimetry.</a> Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. 42, 557-576 (2010).</li><li>Augustsson, P., Barnkob, R., Wereley, S. T., Bruus, H., Laurell, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+and+temperature-controlled+micro-PIV+measurements+enabling+long-term-stable+microchannel+acoustophoresis+characterization.">Automated and temperature-controlled micro-PIV measurements enabling long-term-stable microchannel acoustophoresis characterization.</a> Lab on a Chip. 11 (24), 4152-4164 (2011).</li><li>Hebert, B., Costantino, S., Wiseman, P. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatiotemporal+image+correlation+spectroscopy+(STICS)+theory,+verification,+and+application+to+protein+velocity+mapping+in+living+CHO+cells.">Spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy (STICS) theory, verification, and application to protein velocity mapping in living CHO cells.</a> Biophysical Journal. 88 (5), 3601 (2005).</li><li>Rossow, M., Mantulin, W. W., Gratton, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatiotemporal+image+correlation+spectroscopy+measurements+of+flow+demonstrated+in+microfluidic+channels.">Spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy measurements of flow demonstrated in microfluidic channels.</a> Journal of Biomedical Optics. 14 (2), 024014 (2009).</li><li>Schindelin, J., Arganda-Carreras, I., Frise, E., Kaynig, V., Longair, M., Pietzsch, T., Preibisch, S., Rueden, C., Saalfeld, S., Schmid, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fiji:+an+open-source+platform+for+biological-image+analysis.">Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis.</a> Nature Methods. 9 (7), 676-682 (2012).</li><li>Rogers, P. R., Friend, J. R., Yeo, L. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploitation+of+surface+acoustic+waves+to+drive+size-dependent+microparticle+concentration+within+a+droplet.">Exploitation of surface acoustic waves to drive size-dependent microparticle concentration within a droplet.</a> Lab on a Chip. 10 (21), 2979-2985 (2010).</li><li>Muller, P. B., Barnkob, R., Jensen, M. J. H., Bruus, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+numerical+study+of+microparticle+acoustophoresis+driven+by+acoustic+radiation+forces+and+streaming-induced+drag+forces.">A numerical study of microparticle acoustophoresis driven by acoustic radiation forces and streaming-induced drag forces.</a> Lab on a Chip. 12 (22), 4617-4627 (2012).</li><li>Luo, J. K., Fu, Y. Q., Li, Y., Du, X. Y., Flewitt, A. J., Walton, A. J., Milne, W. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Moving-part-free+microfluidic+systems+for+lab-on-a-chip.">Moving-part-free microfluidic systems for lab-on-a-chip.</a> Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. 19 (5), 054001-05 (2009).</li><li>Lindken, R., Rossi, M., Gro&#223;e, S., Westerweel, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-particle+image+velocimetry+(&#956;PIV):+recent+developments,+applications,+and+guidelines.">Micro-particle image velocimetry (&#956;PIV): recent developments, applications, and guidelines.</a> Lab on a Chip. 9 (17), 2551-2567 (2009).</li><li>Gedge, M., Hill, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acoustofluidics+17:+Theory+and+applications+of+surface+acoustic+wave+devices+for+particle+manipulation.">Acoustofluidics 17: Theory and applications of surface acoustic wave devices for particle manipulation.</a> Lab on a Chip. 12 (17), 2998-3007 (2012).</li></ol>

En af de største udfordringer, som microfluidic samfund er realiseringen af ​​en aktivering platform for ægte bærbar point-of-care-enheder. Blandt de foreslåede integrerede micropumps 23 er dem, der bygger på akustiske overfladebølger (save) særligt attraktive på grund af deres tilknytning kapaciteter i flydende blanding, forstøvning og partikel koncentration og separation 4.. I dette papir, vi har vist, hvordan man kan fremstille og drive en lab-on-chip anordning, hvori væsken styres...

En af de fortsatte udfordringer microfluidic samfund er behovet for at have en effektiv pumpende mekanisme, der kan miniaturiseret til integration i ægte bærbare mikro-total-analyse systemer (μTAS s). Standard makroskopiske pumpesystemer simpelthen ikke giver portabilitet kræves for μTAS s på grund af den ugunstige skalering af volumenstrømme som kanal formindsker ned til mikrometer eller derunder. Tværtimod har save fået stigende interesse flydende aktiveringsmekanismer og fremstår som en lovende vej til løsning af nogle af disse problemer 1,2. Save blev vist at tilvejebringe en meget effektiv mekanisme energitransport i væske 3.. Når en sav forplanter onto en piezoelektrisk substrat, f.eks lithiumniobat (LN), vil bølgen blive udstrålet i enhver væske på sin vej i en vinkel kendt som Rayleigh vinklen θ R = sin722, 1 (c f / c s), på grund af misforholdet af sunde hastigheder i underlaget, c s, og væsken c f.. Denne lækage af stråling i væsken giver anledning til en trykbølge, som driver akustiske streaming i væsken. Afhængigt af enheden geometri og effekt, der tilføres apparatet, blev denne mekanisme vist at aktivere en bred vifte af on-chip processer, såsom væske blanding, partikel sortering, forstøvning og pumpestationer 1,4. Trods enkeltheden og effektiviteten af ​​aktivering Microfluids med SAW, er der kun et lille antal af saw kørt microfluidic pumpe mekanismer, der har været til stede. Den første demonstration var den enkle oversættelse af frie dråber placeret i SAW udbredelsesvej på en piezoelektrisk substrat 3.. Denne hidtil ukendte fremgangsmåde skabt stor interesse i at bruge save som en mikrofluid aktivering metode, men der var stadig et behov for væsker tilkøres gennem lukkede kanaler-en mere vanskelig opgave. Tan et al. Viste pumpe i en mikrokanalplade der blev laser ablated direkte ind i den piezoelektriske substrat. Ved geometrisk ændring med hensyn til kanalen og IDT dimensioner var de i stand til at påvise både ensartede og blanding strømme 5.. Glas et al. Nylig vist en metode til at flytte væsker gennem microchannels og microfluidic komponenter ved at kombinere SAW aktiveres rotationer med centrifugal mikrofluidik, som en demonstration af sand miniaturisering af den populære Lab-on-a-CD koncept 6,7. Men den eneste helt lukket SAW drevet pumpe mekanisme, der er påvist mangler at blive Cecchini et al. &#39;S SAW-drevet akustisk modstrøm 8-i fokus i denne video. Det udnytter forstøvning og sammensmeltning af en væske at pumpe det gennem en lukket kanal i retningen imod formering retning af encoustic bølge. Dette system kan give anledning til overraskende komplekse strømme inden for en mikrokanalplade. Desuden, afhængigt af enhedens geometri, kan det give en række flow ordninger fra laminar strømning til mere komplekse regimer præget af hvirvler og partikel-akkumulerende domæner. Mulighed for nemt at påvirke flow karakteristika inden enheden viser muligheder for avanceret on-chip partikel manipulation. I denne protokol vi ønsker at præcisere de vigtigste aspekter af praktiske SAW-baserede MicroFluidics: enhed fabrikation, eksperimenterende drift og flow visualisering. Mens vi udtrykkeligt beskriver disse procedurer til fremstilling og drift af SAW-drevne akustiske modstrømsblandere enheder, kan disse sektioner nemt modificeres til deres anvendelse til en række SAW-drevne mikrofluidenheder regimer.

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double side polished 128&#176; YX lithium niobate wafer</td>
			<td>Crystal Technology, LLC</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicon wafer</td>
			<td>Siegert Wafers</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>We use &#60;100&#62;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IDT Optical lithography mask with alignment marks (positive)</td>
			<td>Any vendor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Channel Optical lithography mask (negative)</td>
			<td>Any vendor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Positive photoresist</td>
			<td>Shipley</td>
			<td>S1818</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Positive photoresist developer</td>
			<td>Microposit</td>
			<td>MF319</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Negative tone photoresist</td>
			<td>Allresist</td>
			<td>AR-N-4340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Negative tone photoresist developer</td>
			<td>Allresist</td>
			<td>AR 300-475</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SU8 thick negative tone photoresist</td>
			<td>Microchem</td>
			<td>SU-8 2000 Series</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SU8 thick negative tone photoresist developer</td>
			<td>Microchem</td>
			<td>SU-8 developer</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexadecane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H6703</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>107344</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>104817</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetone CMOS grade</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>40289</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-propanol CMOS grade</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>40301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Titanium</td>
			<td>Any vendor</td>
			<td>99.9% purity</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold</td>
			<td>Any vendor</td>
			<td>99.9% purity</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PDMS</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td>Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer kit with curing agent</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri dish</td>
			<td>Any vendor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5 mm ID Harris Uni-Core multi-purpose coring tool</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z708895</td>
			<td>Any diameter greater than 2 mm is suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acoustic absorber</td>
			<td>Photonic Cleaning Technologies</td>
			<td>First Contact regular kit</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RF-PCB</td>
			<td>Any vendor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spinner</td>
			<td>Laurell technologies corporation</td>
			<td>WS-400-6NPP</td>
			<td>Any spinner can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV Mask aligner</td>
			<td>Karl Suss</td>
			<td>MJB 4</td>
			<td>Any aligner can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermal evaporator</td>
			<td>Kurt J. Lesker</td>
			<td>Nano 38</td>
			<td>Any thermal, e-beam evaporator or sputtering system can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxygen plasma asher</td>
			<td>Gambetti Kenologia Srl</td>
			<td>Colibr&#236;</td>
			<td>Any plasma asher or RIE machine can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5810 R</td>
			<td>Any centrifuge can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wire bonder</td>
			<td>Kulicke &#38; Soffa</td>
			<td>4523AD</td>
			<td>Any wire bonder can be used if the PCB is used without pogo connectors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Contact Angle Meter</td>
			<td>KSV</td>
			<td>CAM 101</td>
			<td>Any contact angle meter can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectrum analyzer</td>
			<td>Anristu</td>
			<td>56100A</td>
			<td>Any spectrum or network analyzer can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RF signal generator</td>
			<td>Anristu</td>
			<td>MG3694A</td>
			<td>Any RF signal generator can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RF high power amplifier</td>
			<td>Mini Circuits</td>
			<td>ZHL-5W-1</td>
			<td>Any RF high power amplifier can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microbeads suspension</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L3280</td>
			<td>Depending on the experimental purpose different suspension of different diameter and different material properties can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>Ti-Eclipse</td>
			<td>Any optical microscope with spatial resolution satisfying experimental purposes can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Video camera</td>
			<td>Basler</td>
			<td>A602-f</td>
			<td>Any video camera that has enough frame rate and sensitivity satisfying experimental purposes can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Camera acquisition software</td>
			<td>Advanced technologies</td>
			<td>Motion Box</td>
			<td>Any software enabling high and controlled frame rate acquisition can be used</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication, operation and flow visualization in surface-acoustic-wave-driven acoustic-counterflow microfluidics

Akustiske overfladebølger (save) kan anvendes til at drive væsker i bærbare mikrofluid chips via akustiske modstrøms fænomen. I denne video præsenterer vi fabrikation protokol for en flerlaget SAW akustisk modstrøms enhed. Enheden er fremstillet med udgangspunkt i en lithiumniobat (LN) substrat, på hvilke to interdigital transducere (IDTs) og passende markører er mønstret. En polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) kanal støbt på en SU8 mastermodel endeligt bundet på det mønstrede substrat. Efter fabrikation procedure, viser vi de teknikker, der tillader karakterisering og driften af ​​den akustiske modstrøms-enhed for at pumpe væske gennem PDMS kanaloversigten. Vi endelig præsentere procedure at visualisere væskestrøm i kanalerne. Protokollen bruges til at vise on-chip væske pumpning under forskellige flow regimer som laminar flow og mere komplicerede dynamik præget af hvirvler og partikel akkumulering domæner.

Figur 2 viser repræsentative resultater af enhedens RF test, som blev taget før binding LN lag til mikrokanalplade lag: typiske S 11 og S 12 spektre er rapporteret i panel a) og b). Dybden af dalen på centralt frekvens i S 11 spektret er relateret til effektiviteten af omdannelsen af RF-effekt i SAW mekanisk energi. Derfor, for et fast antal IDT finger par, vil en reduktion i dalen minimum resultere i en reduktion af den effekt, der k...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics at JoVE.com

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

I denne video vi først beskrive fremstilling og drift procedurer en overflade akustisk bølge (SAW) akustisk modstrøm enhed. Vi derefter demonstrere en forsøgsopstilling, der giver mulighed for både kvalitativt flow visualisering og kvantitativ analyse af komplekse strømme inden for SAW pumpe enhed.

Fabrikation, Drift og Flow Visualisering i Overflade-akustisk-bølgedrevne Acoustic-modstrøms Microfluidics

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can be used to drive liquids in portable microfluidic chips via the acoustic counterflow phenomenon. In this video we ...

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Synthesis and Operation of Fluorescent-core Microcavities for Refractometric Sensing

Syntese og drift af fluorescerende-core mikrokaviteter for refraktometriske Sensing

This paper discusses  fluorescent core microcavity-based sensors that can operate in a microfluidic  analysis setup. These structures are based on the ...

Fabrication and Visualization of Capillary Bridges in Slit Pore Geometry

Fabrikation og visualisering af kapillærbroer i spaltepaltegeometri

A procedure for creating and imaging capillary bridges in slit-pore geometry is presented. High aspect ratio hydrophobic pillars are fabricated and ...

Taking Advantage of Reduced Droplet-surface Interaction to Optimize Transport of Bioanalytes in Digital Microfluidics

Drage fordel af reducerede Droplet-overflade Interaktion Optimer Transport af Bioanalytes i Digital Microfluidics

Digital microfluidics (DMF), a technique for manipulation of droplets, is a promising alternative for the development of &#8220;lab-on-a-chip&#8221; ...

Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt

Fabrikation og Drift af et Nano-Optical transportbånd

The technique of using focused laser beams to trap and exert forces on small particles has enabled many pivotal discoveries in the nanoscale biological ...

Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles

Fabrikation og drift af Acoustofluidic Devices Støtte Bulk Acoustic stående bølger for Sheathless Fokusering af partikler

Acoustophoresis refers to the displacement of suspended objects in response to directional forces from sound energy. Given that the suspended objects must ...

Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications

Fremstilling af polymere mikrosfærer til optisk resonator og laser applikationer

This paper describes three methods of preparing fluorescent microspheres comprising &#960;-conjugated or non-conjugated polymers: vapor diffusion, ...

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

Fabrikation af ultra-tynde farve film med meget absorberende medier bruger skråt Deposition

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present ...

Flow-assisted Dielectrophoresis: A Low Cost Method for the Fabrication of High Performance Solution-processable Nanowire Devices

Flow-assisteret dielektroforesis: En billig metode til fremstilling af højtydende løsning-bearbejdes Nanotråd enheder

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of ...

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods

Eksperimentel undersøgelse af strukturen Flow over en Delta Wing Via Flow visualisering metoder

It is well known that the flow field over a delta wing is dominated by a pair of counter rotating leading edge vortices (LEV). However, their mechanism is ...

Construction and Operation of a Light-driven Gold Nanorod Rotary Motor System

Opførelse og drift af en lys-drevne guld Nanorod roterende Motor System

The possibility to generate and measure rotation and torque at the nanoscale is of fundamental interest to the study and application of biological and ...