Name: an effective manual deboning method to prepare intact mouse nasal tissue with preserved anatomical organization
Uploaded: 2013-08-10T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Effective Manual Deboning Method To Prepare Intact Mouse Nasal Tissue With Preserved Anatomical Organization at JoVE.com

这项工作是支持的研究补助金（NIH / NIDCD 009269，012831和ARRA行政补充剂NIH补助）维宏林。我们要特别感谢UMBC蒂姆·福特先生在他的偷拍和处理的技术援助。我们还要感谢达芙妮布隆伯格博士UMBC的的CHERE小资女士和尼古拉斯·麦科勒姆先生从奥林巴斯美国公司，他们的设备援助偷拍。

1。鼠标鼻子准备在本研究中，我们使用成人的C57BL / 6背景的小鼠。所有动物护理和程序批准的动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）美国马里兰大学巴尔的摩县。 1.1获取鼻子从paraformaldahyde固定小鼠<img src="/files/ftp_upload/50538/50538fig1.jpg" alt="图1" fo:content-width="6in" fo:src="/files/ftp_upload/50538/50538fig1highres.jpg"/> 图1。鼠标头骨骨骼的头?...

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F., Lin, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+profile+of+G-protein+&#946;&#947;+subunit+gene+transcripts+in+the+mouse+olfactory+sensory+epithelia.">Expression profile of G-protein &#946;&#947; subunit gene transcripts in the mouse olfactory sensory epithelia.</a> Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 7, 84 (2013).</li></ol>

在这里，我们展示了一个隔离完好鼠标鼻子的嗅觉和呼吸道组织的顺序取出骨头，同时保留周围组织的一步一步的过程。我们发现，小心骨去除的全部，甚至可以保留最微妙的组织。我们也分享洞察可能修改这项技术，我们在其中分离大脑和鼻子组织共同维护神经连接。这种新方法提供了一个隔离装置，用于在一个单一的免疫组化，RNA 原位杂交，以便进一步处理和生理实验标本的整个嗅觉...

哺乳动物鼻腔包含各种类型的组织和器官，服务于不同的功能。鼻腔，使上呼吸道的入口部分，它允许空气流入和流出肺部旅行。吸入的空气通过鼻腔的温度和湿度进行调节1，以及作为清洁或过滤除去刺激性和毒性的物质和感染性微生物的2。这两种治疗方法进行鼻上皮及上皮下的组织，包括腺体和血管，是至关重要的保护下呼吸道和肺部。除了它的作用在呼吸和上皮防御，鼻组织也包含外周感觉的嗅觉和三叉神经系统，使空气中的化学物质的检测范围广泛的设备。根据该系统被激活，在鼻子的化学品的感官检测既可以引起感的气味，刺激或疼痛3,4。 的外周的嗅觉系统是复杂的，由几个解剖分离鼻腔内的嗅觉器官。其中，主要的嗅觉上皮细胞（MOE）是最大的，它构成了约45-52％的鼻上皮细胞在啮齿类动物中5和位于后方区域。在腹侧区域中，有一对管状结构被称为犁鼻器6，坐在沿鼻中隔的每一侧。两个额外的嗅感觉神经元的小分组，称为室间隔器官马塞拉7,8和在Gruneberg神经节9，位于沿腹隔垫和背进入区域的鼻腔。这些外周器官中含有神经上皮细胞形态特色鲜明，细胞标记物的表达，和生理功能。他们共同检测成千上万的气味分子与精致的灵敏度10-12。 除了嗅觉器官，鼻腔内还设有其他感官系统。它是已知的，三 ​​叉神经肽能神经纤维出现在鼻腔上皮细胞，特别是呼吸道上皮13,14。这些纤维检测刺激性和有毒化学品，并负责启动保护性反射，如咳嗽和打喷嚏4,15。有刺激性的异味和苦味化合物也可以被检测到最近发现的孤化学感受细胞（SCCS），其中有许多是由三叉神经纤维16-19支配人口。这些的SCC位于鼻腔及犁鼻进入管道的入口区域中的高密度，暗示它们可能也有助于保护功能16-18。因此，鼻上皮细胞可显着不同的功能，形态，取决于它们的细胞的组合物解剖位置。 即使在一个单一的和专门的上皮细胞，存在地区差异。教育部就是这样一个例子。各种鼻甲教育部线，这是很复杂的卷曲结构。因为他们，不同地区的教育部体验不同的空气流速，因此，不同的扩散，空气中的气味分子的清除率20。此外，它被称为表达一种特定气味受体的嗅感觉神经元（OSNS）位于四规避教育部21,22区。这个位置如何差异会影响OSN气味的反应主要是不知道的。此外，一些的OSN种群具有区域偏好。鸟苷酸环化酶-D（GC-D）表达的OSN有带状分布，有利于地区的ectoturbinates 23,24的小路，小路。最近，我们发现了一个典型的嗅觉神经元亚群表达瞬时受体电位通道M5（TRPM5），优先地位于在横向和腹侧区域25。这些结果表明，本部不统一。然而，如何使这些区域的差异影响嗅编码的不理解。这部分是保存完好的解剖组织，用目前的方法获得完整的鼻上皮的难度，因为彻底的生理教育部的调查和鼻子已经有限。 鼻腔上皮细胞主要是四周前，包括鼻，上颌骨，腭骨，颧骨，筛骨颅骨。在成年老鼠和其它啮齿类动物模型，这些骨头是硬而难以去除，不破坏密切相关的鼻部组织，特别是细腻鼻甲。通常，使用的化学物质为基础的脱钙软化骨骼以允许cryosectioning鼻腔组织形态，免疫组织化学， 原位杂交研究，然而，依赖丁动物的年龄，脱钙过程可以持续7天过夜24,26-28。这种治疗方法也是有限的，因为它需要组织固定液保存。此外，化学脱钙可恶劣影响的一些敏感的抗体免疫标记29,30。对于生理研究，活组织是必需的，因此，这些实验往往是孤立的OSN或MOE切片得到的新生儿的头骨薄而软17,31,32进行。生理研究也可以利用整装准备分裂头25,33,34，但通常只有内侧表面的鼻子是方便，限制了对其他方面的生理记录。 在这里，我们描述了一个有效的，手动的的去骨方法来准备完整的鼻腔组织保存了原有的解剖组织形态。我们依次取出骨头的前在解剖显微镜下，几乎完全完整的鼻上皮暴露同时保持薄鼻甲骨骼完好除非老鼠很旧，cryosectioning的头骨是必要的。我们还可以延长保存鼻组织嗅球之间的连接，以及大脑的其余部分，从而促进外周和中枢的电路的同时检查方法。我们的方法可以被用于制备多聚甲醛固定，以及新鲜的，活的鼻组织。因此，我们的方法将有利于呼吸，嗅觉，鼻腔损伤和疾病的形态学，免疫组织化学和生理研究。

<table border="1">
 <tr>
 <td>Name</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalogue Number</td>
 <td>Comments </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 	<td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Dissection</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Rongeur, 1.0 mm Jaw width</td>
 <td>World Precision Instruments (WPI)</td>
 <td>501333</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Fine forceps, Dumont 3 </td>
 <td>WPI</td>
 <td>503235 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Fine forceps, Dumont 55</td>
 <td>WPI</td>
 <td>14099</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Fine forceps, Dumont AA</td>
 <td>Fine Science Tools (FST)</td>
 <td>11210-20</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Specimen forceps, Serrated</td>
 <td>VWR</td>
 <td>82027-440</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Operating scissors</td>
 <td>WPI</td>
 <td>501753</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Iris scissors, Straight</td>
 <td>Miltex</td>
 <td>V95-304</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Dissection microscope</td>
 <td>Olympus</td>
 <td>SZ40</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>[header]</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 	<td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Tissue embedding</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Optimum cutting temperature (OCT) compound</td>
 <td>Sakura Finetek</td>
 <td>4583</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Plastic embedding mold</td>
 <td>VWR</td>
 <td>15160-215 </td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Aspirator vacuum pump</td>
 <td>Fisher Scientific</td>
 <td>09-960-2</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>[header]</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 	 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>Section staining </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Neutral red</td>
 <td>ACROS Organic</td>
 <td>CAS 553-24-2</td>
 <td>Nuclei staining</td>
 </tr>
</table>

an effective manual deboning method to prepare intact mouse nasal tissue with preserved anatomical organization

哺乳动物的鼻子是一个多功能的器官，具有复杂的内部结构。鼻腔内衬各种上皮细胞，如嗅觉，呼吸，和鳞状上皮细胞明显不同的解剖位置，形态和功能。在成年小鼠中，与各种颅骨覆盖鼻子，限制了实验获得的内部结构，尤其是在后等为主体的嗅觉上皮细胞（MOE）。在这里，我们描述了一个有效的方法，获得几乎整个完整的鼻腔组织与腌制解剖组织。使用手术工具，在解剖显微镜下，我们依次取出头骨周围鼻腔组织。这个程序可以进行多聚甲醛固定，解剖新鲜，皮肤的鼠标头。去骨整个过程约需20-30分钟，这是明显短于传统化工为主的实验所需时间钙化。此外，我们提出了一个简单的方法来去除气泡被困鼻甲之间，这是获得完整的细水平线或者冠状或矢状切面​​鼻组织准备的关键。鼻组织用我们的方法制备可用于整个装载整个上皮细胞的观察，以及形态，免疫细胞化学，RNA 原位杂交，和生理的研究，尤其是在特定区域的检查和比较，还研究。

使用这种方法，可以可靠地获得几乎完全完整的鼻组织图2A示出的图像的成年人鼻试样从多聚甲醛固定磁头。在这个标本，所有四个子嗅觉感官器官，包括教育部，室间隔器官中，Gruneberg节，VNO，都完好无损。此外，呼吸道上皮细胞和上皮下的组织，如腺体和血管，将被保留。我们已经成功地使用此方法，在一些研究中，我们调查形态，分布，神经的神经支配，细胞标记的表达在各专...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Effective Manual Deboning Method To Prepare Intact Mouse Nasal Tissue With Preserved Anatomical Organization at JoVE.com

An Effective Manual Deboning Method To Prepare Intact Mouse Nasal Tissue With Preserved Anatomical Organization

有效的人工剔骨方法编写完整的鼠标鼻组织与保存的解剖组织

The mammalian nose is a multi-functional organ with intricate internal structures.  The nasal cavity is lined with various epithelia such as olfactory, ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

In vivo Imaging and Therapeutic Treatments in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer

In vivo Imaging and Therapeutic Treatments in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Ovarian Cancer

活体成像和治疗卵巢癌的原位小鼠模型

Human cancer and response to therapy is better represented in orthotopic animal models.  This paper describes the development of an orthotopic mouse model ...

科研

生物学

Combined Immunofluorescence and DNA FISH on 3D-preserved Interphase Nuclei to Study Changes in 3D Nuclear Organization

结合免疫荧光和三维保存的间期核荧光原位杂交DNA研究在3D核组织的变化

Fluorescent in situ hybridization using DNA probes  on 3-dimensionally preserved nuclei followed by 3D confocal microscopy (3D DNA  FISH) represents the ...

Hybrid-Cut: An Improved Sectioning Method for Recalcitrant Plant Tissue Samples

混合式切割：用于顽拗植物组织样品的改进切法

Maintaining plant section integrity is essential for studying detailed anatomical structures at the cellular, tissue, or even organ level. However, some ...

Trans-inner Cell Mass Injection of Embryonic Stem Cells Leads to Higher Chimerism Rates

胚胎干细胞的跨内细胞质量注射导致嵌合体率增高

In an effort to increase efficiency in the creation of genetically modified mice via ES Cell methodologies, we present an adaptation to the current ...

Nasal Potential Difference to Quantify Trans-epithelial Ion Transport in Mice

鼻电位差量化小鼠跨上皮离子转运

The nasal potential difference test has been used for almost three decades to assist in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). It has proven to be helpful ...

Isolation of Intact Eyeball to Obtain Integral Ocular Surface Tissue for Histological Examination and Immunohistochemistry

分离完整眼珠以获得整体眼表面组织，用于组织学检查和免疫组织化学

Ocular surface (OS) consists of an epithelial sheet with three connected parts: palpebral conjunctiva, bulbar conjunctiva and corneal epithelium. ...

The CryoAPEX Method for Electron Microscopy Analysis of Membrane Protein Localization Within Ultrastructurally-Preserved Cells

超结构保存细胞内膜蛋白定位电子显微镜分析的CryoAPEX方法

Key cellular events like signal transduction and membrane trafficking rely on proper protein location within cellular compartments. Understanding precise ...

Application of Passive Head Motion to Generate Defined Accelerations at the Heads of Rodents

应用被动头部运动在啮齿动物头部产生定义的加速度

Exercise is widely recognized as effective for various diseases and physical disorders, including those related to brain dysfunction. However, molecular ...

Investigating Cardiac Metabolism in the Isolated Perfused Mouse Heart with Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate and 13C/31P NMR Spectroscopy

Investigating Cardiac Metabolism in the Isolated Perfused Mouse Heart with Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Pyruvate and 13C/31P NMR Spectroscopy

用超极化[1-13C]丙酮酸和 13C / 31P NMR波谱研究分离灌注小鼠心脏中的心脏代谢

Metabolism is the basis of important processes in cellular life. Characterizing how metabolic networks function in living tissues provides crucial ...

High-Throughput Contractile Measurements of Hydrogel-Embedded Intact Mouse Muscle Fibers Using an Optics-Based System

使用基于光学的系统对水凝胶嵌入的完整小鼠肌纤维进行高通量收缩测量

In vitro cell culture is a powerful tool to assess cellular processes and test therapeutic strategies. For skeletal muscle, the most common approaches ...