Name: renal capsule xenografting and subcutaneous pellet implantation for the evaluation of prostate carcinogenesis and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Uploaded: 2013-08-28T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Renal Capsule Xenografting and Subcutaneous Pellet Implantation for the Evaluation of Prostate Carcinogenesis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia at JoVE.com

笔者想感谢里克实验室的所有成员，过去和现在。我们感谢卡尔文彭定康，小，DVM和碧姬拉贝，数字电压表，了解有关的协议有帮助的意见。我们要感谢的NIDDK，NCI和NIEHS他们对这些研究的资金支持：R01DK093690，R01CA123199，RC2ESO18764。 TMN是在医学家训练计划学员在罗切斯特大学由美国国立卫生研究院的T32 GM07356资助;下露丝属Kirschstein国家研究服务奖F30DK093173美国国立卫生研究院也支持这个项目。在威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的支持，T32ES007015 CDV是支持T32CA157322和ABT。内容完全是作者的责任，并不一定代表一般医学科学院或美国国立卫生研究院国立研究所的官方意见。

1。压缩激素/药物颗粒的制备<ol><li>此过程应在化学安全罩来完成，而穿着实验室的外套，手套，口罩，防护眼镜和帽子。以防止交叉污染，这是至关重要的颗粒制造设备彻底用70％乙醇之前和生产每种粒料的后清洗。 </li><li>使用分析天平和称量纸，测量激素/药物粉末的所需量。约5％的额外材料，建议，以适应压制过程中的损失。 </li><li>一些激素/药物需要结合剂或填料，其沉淀生产混合之前?...

<ol>
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M., Theodorsson, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovariectomy+and+17&#946;-estradiol+Replacement+in+Rats+and+Mice:+A+Visual+Demonstration.">Ovariectomy and 17&#946;-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (64), e4013 (2012).</li><li>Szot, G. L., Koudria, P., Bluestone, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+of+Pancreatic+Islets+Into+the+Kidney+Capsule+of+Diabetic+Mice.">Transplantation of Pancreatic Islets Into the Kidney Capsule of Diabetic Mice.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (9), e404 (2007).</li><li>Aamdal, S., Fodstad, O., Nesland, J. M., Pihl, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characteristics+of+human+tumour+xenografts+transplanted+under+the+renal+capsule+of+immunocompetent+mice.">Characteristics of human tumour xenografts transplanted under the renal capsule of immunocompetent mice.</a> Brit. J. Cancer. 51, 347-356 (1985).</li><li>Cunha, G. R., Lung, B., Reese, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glandular+epithelial+induction+by+embryonic+mesenchyme+in+adult+bladder+epithelium+of+BALB/c+mice.">Glandular epithelial induction by embryonic mesenchyme in adult bladder epithelium of BALB/c mice.</a> Investigative urology. 17, 302-304 (1980).</li><li>Norman, J. T., Cunha, G. R., Sugimura, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+induction+of+new+ductal+growth+in+adult+prostatic+epithelium+in+response+to+an+embryonic+prostatic+inductor.">The induction of new ductal growth in adult prostatic epithelium in response to an embryonic prostatic inductor.</a> The Prostate. 8, 209-220 (1986).</li><li>Hayward, S. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interactions+between+adult+human+prostatic+epithelium+and+rat+urogenital+sinus+mesenchyme+in+a+tissue+recombination+model.">Interactions between adult human prostatic epithelium and rat urogenital sinus mesenchyme in a tissue recombination model.</a> Differentiation. 63, 131-140 (1998).</li><li>Wang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+human+prostatic+epithelial+model+of+hormonal+carcinogenesis.">A human prostatic epithelial model of hormonal carcinogenesis.</a> Cancer Res. 61, 6064-6072 (2001).</li><li>Ricke, E. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Androgen+hormone+action+in+prostatic+carcinogenesis:+stromal+androgen+receptors+mediate+prostate+cancer+progression,+malignant+transformation+and+metastasis.">Androgen hormone action in prostatic carcinogenesis: stromal androgen receptors mediate prostate cancer progression, malignant transformation and metastasis.</a> Carcinogenesis. 33, 1391-1398 (2012).</li><li>Wang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+characterization+of+efficient+xenograft+models+for+benign+and+malignant+human+prostate+tissue.">Development and characterization of efficient xenograft models for benign and malignant human prostate tissue.</a> The Prostate. 64, 149-159 (2005).</li><li>Goto, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proximal+prostatic+stem+cells+are+programmed+to+regenerate+a+proximal-distal+ductal+axis.">Proximal prostatic stem cells are programmed to regenerate a proximal-distal ductal axis.</a> Stem Cells. 24, 1859-1868 (2006).</li><li>Xin, L., Ide, H., Kim, Y., Dubey, P., Witte, O. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+regeneration+of+murine+prostate+from+dissociated+cell+populations+of+postnatal+epithelia+and+urogenital+sinus+mesenchyme.">In vivo regeneration of murine prostate from dissociated cell populations of postnatal epithelia and urogenital sinus mesenchyme.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 11896-11903 (2003).</li><li>Priolo, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+and+genomic+characterization+of+mouse+xenografts+of+human+primary+prostate+tumors.">Establishment and genomic characterization of mouse xenografts of human primary prostate tumors.</a> Am. J. Pathol. 176, 1901-1913 (2010).</li><li>Pritchett-Corning, K. R., Mulder, G. B., Luo, Y., White, W. 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本文本文和概述的协议描述压缩激素和/或药物的颗粒中的用途，以及在外科手术过程对小鼠皮下植入的颗粒。取决于所研究的问题得到解决，该方法可以执行单独使用，或与前列腺细胞的重组移植物或前列腺组织异种移植物，这是技术广泛应用于前列腺研究17-19肾包膜异种移植组合。综上所述，这些技术提供了强大的方法来研究激素致癌，并在人类和小鼠前列腺良性增长的调控。 <p cla...

前列腺癌（PRCA）和良性前列腺增生（BPH）是显著的健康负担。 PRCA是第二个最常见的实体器官癌症在男性和癌症的首要原因有关的死亡1。前列腺增生症也是在老年男性非常普遍，而且据估计，前列腺增生症的临床表现，下尿路症状（LUTS），会影响男性2 50-90％。而雄激素和雌激素是众所周知的PRCA和BPH是重要的，我们的背后发生和生长的荷尔蒙机制的理解仍然是不完整的3,4。简单和基因听话的动物模型支撑的研究，将解决这些重点在前列腺研究。在激素敏感的疾病，如PRCA和BPH，采用皮下，缓慢释放激素的颗粒，在分离或与肾小囊的组合异种移植（细胞，来自一个物种的组织或器官的转移到另一个）插入immunocompromised鼠标的主机，为研究发展和癌变的激素调节简单，重复性好方法。 皮下激素颗粒植入术是一种简单和可重复性技术研究肿瘤发生和前列腺良性5增长的激素调节。成年雄性小鼠25毫克睾酮（T）和2.5毫克17β-雌二醇（E 2）皮下植入，导致增加血清E 2和T中逐渐减少，再造的老年男性5,6动态激素环境。此外，这种模式概括了许多的BPH-LUTS 5,7的临床特点。激素给药的替代性方法包括口服/管饲法给药或腹膜内注射，这造成困扰的啮齿动物，是不太一致的在递送药物的相同量随着时间的推移，并且是劳动密集型比一次性外科手术植入。其他皮下模式的Hormone和/或药物递送包括硅橡胶胶囊8。虽然我们也有与使用硅橡胶胶囊的经验，压缩颗粒的青睐，因为它们易于使用和可重复性。此外，压缩激素颗粒释放率更好的模仿老男人5,7观察到的动态性类固醇激素的比例。 因为遗传免疫缺陷小鼠的发展，结合异种移植技术的许多体内模型系统已被开发用于广泛的正常和患病组织的研究。有异种移植的几个基本类别。组织异种移植物包括一小片完好的组织，它可以是一个正常的结构，恶性肿瘤，良性肿瘤或生长的影响。 Szot 等人 （2007）最近照射胰岛9肾胶囊异种移植。 Aamdal 等人（1985）所描述的在IM 27人癌细胞系肾包膜异种移植munocompromised鼠标主机10。移植物也可以由单一的永生化细胞系（癌性或非致瘤性）的，或者可以由永生化细胞系结合的细胞从间质（细胞重组接枝）中分离的。 我们看好细胞重组的异种移植，探讨基质和上皮PRCA和BPH的发展各自的作用。库尼亚等人 （1980）是第一个报告在成年小鼠膀胱上皮细胞结合胚胎生殖窦间质（UGM）和异种移植的小鼠下主机男性的肾囊，组织发展成结构类似前列腺腺泡11。 Norman 等人（1986）表明，成年小鼠前列腺导管上皮和UGM，当在组织中的重组体结合时，经过导管的增长和分支形态12。海沃德等人（1988）表明，人类前列腺上皮响应感性胎儿米esenchyme以类似的方式13。致癌作用于前列腺甲荷尔蒙模型，通过结合BPH-1与UGM，首次报道由Wang 等人 14（2001），并已被广泛使用在我们的实验室15永生化的人类前列腺上皮细胞系。这个模型是非常适合了解PRCA进展，因为前列腺上皮转变为转移性疾病，在人类5建模先进PRCA。因为特定的组件可以被遗传操纵，细胞重组嫁接是作为评价基质 - 上皮相互作用的方法是特别有用的。 适用于异种移植其他网站都是皮内，皮下和原位位置16。根据所关注的组织和疾病的过程中，这些可能是合适的替代方法。对于前列腺癌的激素和良性生长调节的研究中，我们选择了肾胶囊网站异种移植，由于其较高的接枝率取，丰富的血液供应，并植入到一个局限的网站16更多数量的移植能力。此外，荷尔蒙操纵主机鼠标而导致前列腺萎缩的限制使用的前列腺原位移植术16。 这个协议概括了压缩激素/药物粒料制造和外科手术植入，以及人类前​​列腺细胞和组织移植的肾被膜异种移植的技术。总之，这些技术提供了一个敏感的检测，以确定是否一个转基因小鼠更容易受到PRCA和/或前列腺增生引发比对照菌株。异种移植是一种强大的技术用于体内评价试验细胞的发育组织学和恶性肿瘤的分子特征的潜力，以及一个用于测定用于多种良性和恶性疾病的新的治疗策略。

<table border="1">
		<tbody>
		 <tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>EQUIPMENT &amp; MATERIALS</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Pellet press</td>
			<td>PARR Industries </td>
			<td>2815</td>
			<td>3mm Punch &amp; Die set</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Analytical Balance</td>
			<td>Ohaus</td>
			<td>1918302</td>
			<td>Voyager or other</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Bunsen burner</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>03-962Q</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Dissecting microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>L2</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Deltaphase Pad Kit (reheatable wax)</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>39DP</td>
			<td>Alternative to an electric heating pad</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Hot Bead sterilizer</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>18000-45</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Isoflurane Vaporizer</td>
			<td>Supera Anesthesia Innov</td>
			<td>VAP3000</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Induction Chamber</td>
			<td>Supera Anesthesia Innov</td>
			<td>RES644</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>F/AIR Canister</td>
			<td>Supera Anesthesia Innov</td>
			<td>80120</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>4 port Manifold</td>
			<td>Supera Anesthesia Innov</td>
			<td>RES536</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Rebreathing Circuits</td>
			<td>Supera Anesthesia Innov</td>
			<td>CIR529</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Inlet/Outlet Fittings</td>
			<td>Supera Anesthesia Innov</td>
			<td>VAP203/4</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Pressure Reg/Gauge</td>
			<td>Supera Anesthesia Innov</td>
			<td>OXY508</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Oxygen Flowmeter</td>
			<td>Supera Anesthesia Innov</td>
			<td>OXY660</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>21mm Clear Tubing</td>
			<td>Supera Anesthesia Innov</td>
			<td>301-150</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Small Mice Nose Cone</td>
			<td>Supera Anesthesia Innov</td>
			<td>ACC526</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Sterile surgical gown</td>
			<td>Midwest Vet Supply</td>
			<td>350.79866.2</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Surgical mask</td>
			<td>Midwest Vet Supply</td>
			<td>350.50111.2</td>
			<td>2-ply w/ earloops</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Sterile gauze</td>
			<td>Midwest Vet Supply</td>
			<td>001.14100.2</td>
			<td>2 x 2 inches</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Sterile Gloves</td>
			<td>Kimberly Clark</td>
			<td>55092</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Bouffant</td>
			<td>Midwest Vet Supply</td>
			<td>001.27100.2</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Cotton Tip Applicator</td>
			<td>Midwest Vet Supply</td>
			<td>001.06220.2</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Surgical Scrub Wash</td>
			<td>Midwest Vet Supply</td>
			<td>733.80010.3</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Sterile Fields (Fenestrated)</td>
			<td>General Econopak, Inc</td>
			<td>88VCSTF</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>REAGENTS</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Cholesterol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C-3292</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Testosterone Proprionate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T-1875</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>17&beta;-estradiol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E-2758</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Midwest Vet Supply</td>
			<td>193.33161.3</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Carprofen</td>
			<td>Midwest Vet Supply</td>
			<td>193.70200.3</td>
			<td>Injectable (Rimadyl)</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Betadine</td>
			<td>Webster Veterinary</td>
			<td>07-836-3379</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Sterile saline</td>
			<td>Midwest Vet Supply</td>
			<td>193.74504.3</td>
			<td>NaCl 0.9%, Injectable</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Straight Sharp/Blunt Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Scientific Tools (F.S.T.)</td>
			<td>14054-13</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Graefe forceps (Serrated, Toothed, Curved)</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>11055-10</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Fine Iris scissors</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>14090-09</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Graefe Scalpel</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>10071-12</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Dumont #5 forceps</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>11251-20</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Glass Pasteur pipets</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S67050</td>
			<td>5" length</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Graefe forceps (Serrated, Curved)</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>11052-10</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Graefe forceps (Serrated, Straight)</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>11050-10</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Vicryl Suture</td>
			<td>Midwest Vet Supply</td>
			<td>295-92100.2</td>
			<td>4-0, FS-2, Absorbable</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Needle Holder w/ scissor action</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>12002012</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Wound Clips</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>ACS CS</td>
			<td>May use 7mm or 9mm clips</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Reflex Wound Clipper</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>12031-09</td>
			<td>Correspond w/ wound clip size</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Would Clip Remover</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>12033-00</td>
			<td>Universal</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Sterilization Container</td>
			<td>F.S.T.</td>
			<td>20810-01</td>
			<td>Any autoclavable container will do</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Syringe w/ needle</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>148292C</td>
			<td>1cc, 25Gx1</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Ear Tag Applicator</td>
			<td>National Band &amp; Tag Co.</td>
			<td>1005s1</td>
			<td>Alternative to ear notching</td>
		 </tr>
		 <tr>
			<td>Small Animal Ear Tags</td>
			<td>National Band &amp; Tag Co.</td>
			<td>1005-1</td>
			<td></td>
		 </tr>
		</tbody>
 </table>

renal capsule xenografting and subcutaneous pellet implantation for the evaluation of prostate carcinogenesis and benign prostatic hyperplasia

新疗法两种常见的前列腺疾病，前列腺癌（PRCA）和良性前列腺增生（BPH），关键取决于实验评估其激素调节。性类固醇激素（主要是雄激素和雌激素）是重要的PRCA和BPH，我们探讨在诱导前列腺的生长和癌变的小鼠使用压缩激素颗粒的实验各自的角色。激素和/或药物颗粒很容易用压片机制造的，并且通过外科手术植入到雄性小鼠宿主的皮下组织。我们还通过组合皮下激素植入粒料与根据免疫受损小鼠的肾被膜前列腺细胞的重组体异种移植描述一个协议，用于激素致癌作用的评价。此外，皮下激素颗粒植入，在前列腺增生组织中肾胶囊异种移植相结合，以更好地了解良性普罗斯特的激素调节是非常有用的吃了增长，并针对测试性类固醇激素途径的新疗法。

<html>取决于待测试的假设，可以进行隔离，或与皮下激素植入丸组合的组织或细胞中的重组体肾包膜异种移植。一个假设的实验相结合的肾小囊异种移植实验，皮下激素颗粒植入的示意图如图1所示。各种粉末状和/或结晶性物质，可在压缩粒料与粒料压机可用于制造图2示出了25毫克，12毫克和6毫克压缩激素颗粒。 图3示出了外科手术过程?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Renal Capsule Xenografting and Subcutaneous Pellet Implantation for the Evaluation of Prostate Carcinogenesis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia at JoVE.com

Renal Capsule Xenografting and Subcutaneous Pellet Implantation for the Evaluation of Prostate Carcinogenesis and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

我们描述了压缩激素粒料的制造方法，以及皮下外科手术植入到小鼠体内。这种策略可以与细胞和组织异种移植物下的无胸腺裸小鼠的肾被膜，以评估内分泌癌和良性前列腺生长的调节生长相结合。

肾小囊和异种移植皮下颗粒植入前列腺癌发生和良性前列腺增生症的评价

New therapies for two common prostate diseases,  prostate cancer (PrCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), depend  critically on experiments ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Evaluation of Nanoparticle Uptake in Tumors in Real Time Using Intravital Imaging

使用实时活体成像在肿瘤纳米粒子吸收的评价

Current technologies for tumor imaging, such as ultrasound, MRI, PET and CT, are unable to yield high-resolution images for the assessment of nanoparticle ...

科研

医学

Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis

在皮肤癌变细胞群分析

Cancer development is  a multiple-step process involving many cell types including cancer precursor  cells, immune cells, fibroblasts and endothelial ...

A Protocol for Genetic Induction and Visualization of Benign and Invasive Tumors in Cephalic Complexes of Drosophila melanogaster

A Protocol for Genetic Induction and Visualization of Benign and Invasive Tumors in Cephalic Complexes of Drosophila melanogaster

一个协议，用于基因诱导和良性和浸润性肿瘤可视化的头侧配合<em&gt;果蝇</em

Drosophila has illuminated our  understanding of the genetic basis of normal development and disease for the  past several decades and today it continues ...

Murine Endoscopy for In Vivo Multimodal Imaging of Carcinogenesis and Assessment of Intestinal Wound Healing and Inflammation

Murine Endoscopy for In Vivo Multimodal Imaging of Carcinogenesis and Assessment of Intestinal Wound Healing and Inflammation

鼠内镜<em&gt;体内</em&gt;发生和肠道的评价多模式成像伤口愈合和炎症

Mouse models are widely used to study pathogenesis of human diseases and to evaluate diagnostic procedures as well as therapeutic interventions ...

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model

在皮下肿瘤模型的评估肿瘤浸润白细胞亚群

Specialized immune cells that infiltrate the tumor microenvironment regulate the growth and survival of neoplasia.&#160; Malignant cells must elude or ...

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

In Vivo Evaluation of the Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of the Rat Tongue

大鼠舌的机械和粘弹性的体内评估

The tongue is a highly innervated and vascularized muscle hydrostat on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates. Its primary functions include ...

Balloon-based Injury to Induce Myointimal Hyperplasia in the Mouse Abdominal Aorta

球囊损伤诱发小鼠腹主动脉 Myointimal 增生的研究

The use of animal models is essential for a better understanding of MH, one major cause for arterial stenosis.In this article, we demonstrate a murine ...

Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP).

Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate HoLEP.

良性前列腺增生的外科治疗: 钬激光前列腺摘除术 (计画)。

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) commonly occurs among elderly males. The condition causes symptoms in the lower urinary tract, thereby reducing the ...

Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery

通过肾脏动脉直接向肾脏输送药物

There is a need for directed injections to enable increased and specific renal exposure for efficient evaluation of drug targets in the renal research ...

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to ...