Name: stereotaxic microinjection of viral vectors expressing cre recombinase to study the role of target genes in cocaine conditioned place preference
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stereotaxic Microinjection of Viral Vectors Expressing Cre Recombinase to Study the Role of Target Genes in Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference at JoVE.com

笔者想感谢安妮·李和莫琳·伯恩在他们的帮助下建立扩展的条件性位置偏爱协议。

所有的程序都按照威尔康乃尔医学院实验动物护理和使用委员会规则进行。 1。立体定向交货病毒载体的制备和设置<ol><li>如果通过一个非无菌的表面接触到被污染的仪器，无菌拭子，或手戴无菌手套，丢弃或重新消毒的仪器，用热珠灭菌，丢弃棉签或改变到新的无菌手套。 </li><li>将鼠标笼散热块上的床上用品，以温热为手术后的恢复。 </li><li>电动剃须刀剃须头，乙醇和碘...

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区域和时间特异性基因消融治疗通过立体显微注射病毒载体结合卜蜂，包括灭绝和恢复阶段允许进行调查的具体基因的作用，以三个不同的阶段类似上瘾的行为。虽然条件性敲除利用传统的Cre-LoxP系统实现提供了空间 - 时间限制基因消融，立体定向显微注射Cre重组小鼠骨髓小鼠成离散的脑区，允许更严格控制基因在何时何地被淘汰。此外，这种情况下，在开发过程中发生的代偿性改变，这有时会?...

可卡因是一种高度加强精神兴奋剂。反复接触后，一些发生在分子和细胞适应奖励相关的大脑电路，被认为是导致强迫性药物寻求行为，促使高的复发率，构成了严重的临床问题1。可卡因发挥这些长期持久的行为通过调节基因表达的影响。要研究长期使用可卡因的适应问题，潜伏期的啮齿动物模型已被广泛使用。其中一个这样的模型是条件性位置偏爱（CPP）的范式。这种模式涉及一个有学问的发展之间的关联以前中性的环境和可卡因的奖赏。可卡因与特定室的几个配对后，动物被允许自由地探索可卡因成对和非可卡因配对环境，如果他们愿意的药物配对室，他们说已经获得了可卡因诱发的放置ê偏好。此外，消退训练期间，这种范式可以用来研究可卡因寻求行为的特定上下文恢复。 相比，像上瘾的行为的其他行为模型，如精神运动性的敏化作用，这是用来研究长期可卡因诱导的行为和分子可塑性的2,3和自行给药（SA），被认为是更准确地模仿上瘾的类似的行为在人类中发现，卜蜂范式是一个简单的过程，研究可卡因情境学习4。 CPP协议，可以方便地扩展到包括灭绝和恢复阶段，类似于SA，允许调查机制，基本药物的渴求和复发5-7，这被认为是发生在人类的药物复述方面寻找行为和药物-线索诱发复发8-10。 一种机制是基础可卡因诱导的行为可塑性，是每个不同的阶段，CPP，包括收购，消光，复职的特点，是在不同的脑区激活基因表达的独特的签名。直接测试奖励相关的大脑区域内的基因介导可卡因诱发行为的变化，它是有用的，能够选择性地在特定区域的方式来操纵他们。实现这一目标的方法之一是microinject重组腺相关病毒（腺相关病毒）载体，表达Cre重组酶的小鼠骨髓小鼠LoxP位点两侧的靶基因的老鼠分为不同的脑区，采用立体定向手术。此方法允许非常精确的时间和区域的控制基因在何时何地被烧蚀，在两个分割和未分化的神经元，而不会引起免疫反应11-13。这种控制水平是一个重要的小鼠骨髓小鼠繁殖瓦特比传统的Cre-LoxP位技术的优势第i个小鼠表达Cre重组酶的内源基因的启动子的控制下，在这种基因缺失的定时和分布，可以更严格的调控。另外，病毒载体介导的基因敲除的情况下，潜在的发展，可能会发生使用传统的基因敲除策略的补偿效应。 除了可卡因CPP，这里描述的小鼠骨髓的小鼠的大脑注射Cre重组腺相关病毒特定基因可应用于无处不在的行为范式，涉及到不同的阶段，包括自我管理​​和精神致敏评估的作用。例如，我们的实验室已利用Cre重组腺相关病毒技术研究的作用钙1.2 L-型钙离子通道的可卡因精神运动性过敏14。具体来说，腺相关病毒注射到Cre重组酶基因编码钙1.2两侧装接loxP小鼠伏隔核（NAC），以证明钙v </suB&gt; 1.2在这个区域介导的表达阶段的精神运动致敏14,15。然而，腺相关病毒酶Cre的策略不能使用，如果不存在与感兴趣的基因的小鼠骨髓小鼠，评估L-型钙1.3的Ca 2 +通道的精神运动性致敏作用时，我们的经验。因此，限制使用腺相关病毒的Cre呈现本身，如果条件不存在一个特定基因的小鼠。然而，rAAVs，击倒靶基因表达的siRNA可以用来检查CA 1.3通道14,15的作用，因为我们已经做了。 微量注射腺相关病毒的Cre小鼠骨髓小鼠成离散的脑区，然后测试他们在CPP范式允许调查调解类似上瘾的行为的各个阶段，他们行事的特定基因。使用这种范式反复可卡因管理在本质上帮助我们了解如何劫持BRAINS奖励电路造成适应不良分子信号传导通路和基因表达的变化，导致上瘾的状态1,16,17。

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of Reagent/Material</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Conditioned place preference activity chambers</td>
			<td>Med Associates, Inc., St. Albans, VT, USA</td>
			<td>MED-CPP-MS</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotaxic alignment system for mouse</td>
			<td>David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA, USA</td>
			<td>model 900</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hamilton syringes</td>
			<td>Hamilton Company, Reno, Nevada, USA</td>
			<td>7634-01</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>rAAV2-Cre-GFP</td>
			<td>Vector BioLabs, Philadelphia, PA, USA</td>
			<td>7016</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>rAAV2-GFP</td>
			<td>Vector BioLabs, Philadelphia, PA, USA</td>
			<td>7004</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

stereotaxic microinjection of viral vectors expressing cre recombinase to study the role of target genes in cocaine conditioned place preference

显微注射重组腺相关病毒（腺相关病毒）载体表达Cre重组酶分为不同的选择性敲除基因的小鼠的大脑区域允许增强时间和特定区域控制基因缺失，现有的方法相比。 ，虽然有条件删除也可以实现通过交配小鼠表达Cre重组酶的小鼠骨髓基因小鼠的特定基因的启动子的控制下，立体显微注射允许针对离散的大脑区域在实验者的利益确定的时间点。在可卡因条件性位置偏爱，以及其他可卡因的行为范式，如自行服用或精神运动性过敏，可以涉及撤回，的灭绝和/或恢复阶段的背景下，这种技术是特别有用的，在探索这些不同的靶基因的独特贡献可卡因诱发塑性行为模型阶段。具体而言，这种技术允许选择性消融治疗的靶基因的行为在离散阶段，以测试他们的贡献，跨越时间的行为。最终，这种认识可以更有针对性的治疗药物，最好能够解决自己每个阶段成瘾行为的最有力的风险因素。

卜蜂国际执行CPP对显微注射小鼠后，应验证，队列控制注入（RAAV-GFP）小鼠通常优先收购药物配对室（ 图1A，1B）。小鼠被认为已取得当可卡因偏好（时间花在可卡因配对室减去花费的时间在生理盐水配对室）是一个特定的腔偏好明显高于基线偏好得分（ 图1B，甲对乙 ） 。控制注入小鼠体内，作为一个队列，如果不显示可卡因配对室的偏好，或显示反?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stereotaxic Microinjection of Viral Vectors Expressing Cre Recombinase to Study the Role of Target Genes in Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference at JoVE.com

Stereotaxic Microinjection of Viral Vectors Expressing Cre Recombinase to Study the Role of Target Genes in Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference

本文介绍如何microinject病毒载体到小鼠大脑中，然后在条件性位置偏爱的范例，包括收购，灭绝和恢复阶段测试。

立体定向显微注射病毒载体表达Cre重组酶研究的靶基因的作用在可卡因条件性位置偏爱

Microinjecting recombinant adenoassociated viral (rAAV) vectors expressing Cre recombinase into distinct mouse brain regions to selectively knockout genes ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Stereotactic Injection of MicroRNA-expressing Lentiviruses to the Mouse Hippocampus CA1 Region and Assessment of the Behavioral Outcome

立体定向注射的microRNA表达慢病毒的小鼠海马CA1区和行为结果的评估

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory single-stranded RNA molecules around 22 nucleotides long that may each target numerous mRNA transcripts and dim an ...

科研

行为学

A Procedure to Study the Effect of Prolonged Food Restriction on Heroin Seeking in Abstinent Rats

一个过程来研究延长食品的限制对海洛因寻求戒断大鼠的影响

In human drug addicts, exposure to drug-associated cues or environments that were previously associated with drug taking can trigger relapse during ...

Fat Preference: A Novel Model of Eating Behavior in Rats

脂肪偏好：饮食行为的一种新模型大鼠

Obesity is a growing problem in the United States of America, with more than a third of the population classified as obese. One factor contributing to ...

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

一个过程来观察大鼠巴甫洛夫空调酒精寻求行为的背景下引发的重建

Environmental contexts in which drugs of abuse are consumed can trigger craving, a subjective Pavlovian-conditioned response that can facilitate ...

Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior

啮齿动物脑显微注射学习动机行为的分子基板

Brain microinjection can aid elucidation of the molecular substrates of complex behaviors, such as motivation. For this purpose rodents can serve as ...

Assessment of Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice

可卡因诱导行为敏和小鼠位置偏爱评估

It is thought that rewarding experiences with drugs create strong contextual associations and encourage repeated intake. In turn, repeated exposures to ...

Place and Response Learning in the Open-field Tower Maze

在打开场塔迷宫的地方，反应学习

This protocol describes how the Open-field Tower Maze (OFTM) paradigm is used to study spatial learning in rodents. This maze is especially useful for ...

Pavlovian Conditioned Approach Training in Rats

大鼠条件性巴甫洛夫训练方法

Cues that are contingently paired with unconditioned, rewarding stimuli can acquire rewarding properties themselves through a process known as the ...

Reinstatement of Drug-seeking in Mice Using the Conditioned Place Preference Paradigm

用条件位置偏好范式恢复小鼠药物寻毒作用

The present protocol describes the Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) as a model of relapse in drug addiction. In this model, animals are first trained to ...

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats

一种用于大鼠渴望培养的条件场所偏好协议

A major cause of repeated relapses is a craving for the drug. Drug craving increases progressively during the abstinence period, a phenomenon termed ...