Name: a computer-assisted multi-electrode patch-clamp system
Uploaded: 2013-10-18T18:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Computer-assisted Multi-electrode Patch-clamp System at JoVE.com

我们要感谢吉拉德西尔伯贝格，米歇尔皮尼亚泰利，托马斯·K.伯杰，卢卡Gambazzi，和索尼娅·加西亚就改善了膜片钳过程自动化宝贵意见。我们感谢Rajnish兰詹的宝贵意见，并与软件实施援助。这项工作是由欧盟Synapse项目和部分由人类前沿科学计划提供部分资金。

1。设备准备<ol><li> 从电脑控制机械手 <ol><li>通过串口（RS-232）每个微操作控制盒连接到电脑。 </li><li>实施命令进行定位，查询和调整设置通过串口发送。考虑到速度和硬件兼容性问题的C / C + +被推荐为编程语言。 </li><li>标准化的操纵器的基准系统，以使零是相对于所述电动机和积极运动从马达引导离开最接近的可能位置。 </li><li>定位显微镜在其中央位置2毫米以上的标本焦平面（...

<ol>
	<li>Perin, R., Berger, T. K., Markram, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+synaptic+organizing+principle+for+cortical+neuronal+groups.">A synaptic organizing principle for cortical neuronal groups.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108, 5419-5424 (2011).</li><li>Berger, T. K., Silberberg, G., Perin, R., Markram, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brief+Bursts+Self-Inhibit+and+Correlate+the+Pyramidal+Network.">Brief Bursts Self-Inhibit and Correlate the Pyramidal Network.</a> PLoS Biol. 8, e1000473 (2010).</li><li>Fino, E., Yuste, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dense+inhibitory+connectivity+in+neocortex.">Dense inhibitory connectivity in neocortex.</a> Neuron. 69, 1188-1203 (2011).</li><li>Packer, A. M., Yuste, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dense,+Unspecific+Connectivity+of+Neocortical+Parvalbumin-Positive+Interneurons:+A+Canonical+Microcircuit+for+Inhibition.">Dense, Unspecific Connectivity of Neocortical Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons: A Canonical Microcircuit for Inhibition.</a> J. Neurosci. 31, 13260-13271 (2011).</li><li>Berger, T. K., Perin, R., Silberberg, G., Markram, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Frequency-dependent+disynaptic+inhibition+in+the+pyramidal+network:+a+ubiquitous+pathway+in+the+developing+rat+neocortex.">Frequency-dependent disynaptic inhibition in the pyramidal network: a ubiquitous pathway in the developing rat neocortex.</a> J. Physiol. 587, 5411-5425 (2009).</li><li>Kodandaramaiah, S. B., Franzesi, G. T., Chow, B. Y., Boyden, E. S., Forest, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+whole-cell+patch-clamp+electrophysiology+of+neurons+in+vivo.">Automated whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology of neurons in vivo.</a> Nat. Methods. 9, 585-587 (2012).</li><li>Anastassiou, C. A., Perin, R., Markram, H., Koch, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ephaptic+coupling+of+cortical+neurons.">Ephaptic coupling of cortical neurons.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 14, 217-223 (2011).</li><li>Prakash, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-photon+optogenetic+toolbox+for+fast+inhibition,+excitation+and+bistable+modulation.">Two-photon optogenetic toolbox for fast inhibition, excitation and bistable modulation.</a> Nat. Methods. 9, 1171-1179 (2012).</li><li>Papagiakoumou, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scanless+two-photon+excitation+of+channelrhodopsin-2.">Scanless two-photon excitation of channelrhodopsin-2.</a> Nat Methods. 7, 848-854 (2010).</li><li>Ko, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+specificity+of+local+synaptic+connections+in+neocortical+networks.">Functional specificity of local synaptic connections in neocortical networks.</a> Nature. 473, 87-91 (2011).</li><li>Wickersham, I. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monosynaptic+Restriction+of+Transsynaptic+Tracing+from+Single,+Genetically+Targeted+Neurons.">Monosynaptic Restriction of Transsynaptic Tracing from Single, Genetically Targeted Neurons.</a> Neuron. 53, 639-647 (2007).</li><li>Liang, C. W., Mohammadi, M., Santos, M. D., Tang, C. -. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterned+Photostimulation+with+Digital+Micromirror+Devices+to+Investigate+Dendritic+Integration+Across+Branch+Points.">Patterned Photostimulation with Digital Micromirror Devices to Investigate Dendritic Integration Across Branch Points.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (49), e2003 (2011).</li><li>Nikolenko, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SLM+Microscopy:+Scanless+Two-Photon+Imaging+and+Photostimulation+with+Spatial+Light+Modulators.">SLM Microscopy: Scanless Two-Photon Imaging and Photostimulation with Spatial Light Modulators.</a> Front Neural Circuits. 2, (2008).</li></ol>

一个直接的问题，通常发生关于我们描述的过程的成功率。对于高成功率的准备是必不可少的。移液器必须有尖端的孔，它们足以记录细胞生物。过滤该溶液内，以避免堵塞移液器也是重要的。非常干净的，新鲜的拉移液管是另一种要求。甲二项式分布，可用于理解这些问题如何影响最终产率的最简单的模型。它是合理的期望实验者有经验和适当的设备，以达到80％或以上的记录与视觉反馈的单?...

与微米精确记录和刺激多个站点的能力是通过实验获得更好地了解神经系统非常有用。许多技术已被开发，为此，但没有允许通过膜片钳技术，对于研究的亚阈值的活性和个体的突触后电位所必需的submillivolt分辨率实现的。这里我们介绍一个12 - 电极计算机辅助膜片钳系统旨在同时记录和刺激大量单个细胞以足够的精度对神经元连接的研究的发展。而许多其它应用中，可以设想这样一个系统，它本身特别好到的突触连接的研究考虑到在一组神经元的可能的连接的数量成比例地增大到所讨论的神经元的数量的平方。因此，在具有三个电极的系统允许测试发生多达六个连接和最经常记录单1，记录12的神经元可以检测多达132连接的发生，经常观察超过一打（ 图1）。几十个连接的观测同时使得能够分析小型网络的组织和推断出网络结构的统计特性不能被探测否则为1。此外，许多细胞的精确刺激也允许招募突触后细胞2的定量。

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>BX51WI</td>
			<td>40X Immersion Objective</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Manipulators</td>
			<td>Luigs &#38; Neumann</td>
			<td>SM-5</td>
			<td>Serial protocol used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amplifiers</td>
			<td>Axon Instruments</td>
			<td>MultiClamp 700B</td>
			<td>SDK used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Camera</td>
			<td>Till Photonics</td>
			<td>VS 55</td>
			<td>BNC analog output</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Framegrabber</td>
			<td>Data Translation</td>
			<td>DT3120</td>
			<td>SDK used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oscilloscopes</td>
			<td>Tektronix</td>
			<td>TDS 2014</td>
			<td>Serial communication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Data acquisition</td>
			<td>InstruTECH</td>
			<td>ITC 1600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Data acquisition</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>PCI-6221</td>
			<td>Library used (.dll)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressure valve</td>
			<td>SMC</td>
			<td>SMC070C-6BG-32</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressure sensor</td>
			<td>Honeywell</td>
			<td>24PCDFA6G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Membrane pump</td>
			<td>Schego</td>
			<td>Optimal</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a computer-assisted multi-electrode patch-clamp system

膜片钳技术是目前最行之有效的方法，用于记录电活动从单个神经元或他们的亚细胞区室。然而，实现稳定的记录，即使从单个细胞，仍具有相当复杂耗时的过程。在与高效率的信息显示结合多步骤的自动化可以极大地帮助实验者与更高的可靠性进行录音的数量较多，并在更短的时间。为了实现大规模的录音，我们得出的结论是最有效的方法是不完全使自动化过程，但为了简化实验步骤和减少人为错误的可能性，同时有效地掺入实验者的经验和视觉反馈。考虑到这些目标，我们开发了其中集中了所有必要的控制的多电极膜片钳实验中的单个接口，COMMERC计算机辅助系统ially可用的无线游戏手柄，在电脑屏幕上显示实验相关的信息和指导线索。在这里，我们描述系统使我们能够减少用于实现记录配置的时间，大幅增加成功记录大量的神经元同步的机会的不同组成部分。

按照以上描述的方法，我们成功地同时进行多达12神经元的全细胞记录，几乎增加一倍的最大数目的神经元同时膜片钳制迄今。记录大鼠的躯体感觉皮层V层锥体神经元之间的直接的突触连接的网络的例子示于图6。 的连接概率访问，作为对于给定的细胞类型间体的距离的函数的确定为感兴趣的典型的测量，可以有效地与多电极膜片钳系统1来进行。最近的?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Computer-assisted Multi-electrode Patch-clamp System at JoVE.com

A Computer-assisted Multi-electrode Patch-clamp System

计算机辅助多电极膜片钳系统

多电极膜片钳记录构成一个复杂的任务。这里，我们显示了如何通过许多的实验步骤的自动化，因此能够加速导致质的提高的性能和记录的数目的过程。

The patch-clamp technique is today the most  well-established method for recording electrical activity from individual  neurons or their subcellular ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Patch Clamp Recordings from Mouse Retinal Neurons in a Dark-adapted Slice Preparation

从一个暗适应切片制备小鼠视网膜神经细胞的膜片钳录音

Our visual experience is initiated when the visual pigment in our retinal photoreceptors absorbs photons of light energy and initiates a cascade of ...

科研

神经科学

Culturing and Electrophysiology of Cells on NRCC Patch-clamp Chips

NRCC的膜片钳芯片上细胞的培养和电

Due to its exquisite sensitivity and the ability to monitor and control individual cells at the level of ion channels, patch-clamping is the gold standard ...

Patch Clamp Recordings in Inner Ear Hair Cells Isolated from Zebrafish

膜片钳记录在内耳毛细胞的分离斑马鱼

Patch  clamp analyses of the voltage-gated channels in sensory hair cells isolated  from a variety of species have been described previously1-4 but this  ...

F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes

F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes

<sub&gt; 1</sub&gt; F<sub&gt; O</subATP酶微囊的制备和表演膜片钳记录的Submitochondrial泡膜技术

Mitochondria are involved in many important cellular  functions including metabolism, survival1, development and, calcium signaling2. Two of the most ...

Whole Cell Patch Clamp for Investigating the Mechanisms of Infrared Neural Stimulation

全细胞膜片钳红外神经刺激机制的调查

It has been  demonstrated in recent years that pulsed, infrared laser light can be used to  elicit electrical responses in neural tissue, independent of ...

Isolation of Sensory Neurons of Aplysia californica for Patch Clamp Recordings of Glutamatergic Currents

Isolation of Sensory Neurons of Aplysia californica for Patch Clamp Recordings of Glutamatergic Currents

隔离的感觉神经元中<em&gt;海兔丫</em谷氨酸能电流膜片钳记录

The marine gastropod mollusk Aplysia californica has a venerable  history as a model of nervous system function, with particular significance in  studies ...

Patch Clamp Recordings from Embryonic Zebrafish Mauthner Cells

从胚胎斑马鱼的毛特纳细胞膜片钳记录

Mauthner cells (M-cells) are large  reticulospinal neurons located in the hindbrain of teleost fish. They are key  neurons involved in a characteristic ...

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings from Morphologically- and Neurochemically-identified Hippocampal Interneurons

从Morphologically-和确定的Neurochemically海马的interneurons全细胞膜片钳记录

GABAergic inhibitory interneurons play a central role within neuronal circuits of the brain. Interneurons comprise a small subset of the neuronal ...

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings in Brain Slices

在脑片全细胞膜片钳记录

Whole-cell patch-clamp recording is an electrophysiological technique that allows the study of the&#160;electrical properties of a substantial part of the ...