Name: culturing of human nasal epithelial cells at the air liquid interface
Uploaded: 2013-10-08T17:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface at JoVE.com

作者要感谢丽莎戴利的帮助输入。 这项工作是由美国国立卫生研究院（ES013611和HL095163）的资金支持，乘务员医学研究所（FAMRI）和环境保护署（CR83346301），并宣称没有利益冲突。内容完全是作者的责任，并不一定代表美国国立卫生研究院的官方意见。虽然本文中描述的研究已经通过合作协议CR83346301与中心环境医学，哮喘和肺癌生物学在北卡罗莱纳州教堂山大学资助部分由美国环境保护署，它并没有被受到机构的要求同行和政策审查，因此并不一定反映该机构的意见，并没有正式认可应被推断。 Ø提号贸易名称或商业产品并不构成认可或推荐使用。洛雷塔穆勒是由瑞士国家科学基金会与个人的资助。

1。准备塑胶制品：大衣板<ol><li>加入500μlPureCol（1:100稀释，用无菌水）的12孔板的每个孔中。 </li><li>在孵化器30分钟，在37℃，取出PureCol和冲洗用HBSS右侧的单元格将被添加到板前（参见下面的步骤3.1）。 </li></ol> 2。获取和人类长者邻舍中心预处理活检<ol><li>鼻刮活检<ol><li>获得肤浅的内皮细胞通过9毫米可重复使用的聚丙烯鼻窥器（型号22009）上的操作与耳镜衬窥器直视下鼻甲...

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J., Meyer, M., Bauer, R., Jaspers, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exposure+to+Ozone+Modulates+Human+Airway+Protease/Antiprotease+Balance+Contributing+to+Increased+Influenza+A+Infection.">Exposure to Ozone Modulates Human Airway Protease/Antiprotease Balance Contributing to Increased Influenza A Infection.</a> PLoS ONE. 7, e35108 (2012).</li><li>Jaspers, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diesel+exhaust+enhances+influenza+virus+infections+in+respiratory+epithelial+cells.">Diesel exhaust enhances influenza virus infections in respiratory epithelial cells.</a> Toxicol. Sci. 85, 990-1002 (2005).</li><li>Jaspers, I., Flescher, E., Chen, L. 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N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influenza+enhances+caspase-1+in+bronchial+epithelial+cells+from+asthmatic+volunteers+and+is+associated+with+pathogenesis.">Influenza enhances caspase-1 in bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic volunteers and is associated with pathogenesis.</a> J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 130, 958-967 (2012).</li><li>Ostrowski, L. E., Stewart, D., Hazucha, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interferon+gamma+stimulates+accumulation+of+gas+phase+nitric+oxide+in+differentiated+cultures+of+normal+and+cystic+fibrosis+airway+epithelial+cells.">Interferon gamma stimulates accumulation of gas phase nitric oxide in differentiated cultures of normal and cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells.</a> Lung. 190, 563-571 (2012).</li><li>Jardim, M. J., Fry, R. 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呼吸道内皮细胞不仅提供了一个物理屏障，以保护人体从外源性刺激20，而且还充当交换机通过可溶性介质或直接的受体-配体细胞间的相互作用的分泌，启动和调节呼吸道的免疫防御反应1-3。为了进一步研究内皮细胞在免疫应答中的作用，研究从患病人群内皮细胞之间的电势差，或者以研究对内皮细胞的外源应激的影响，它概括了在体内的情况是很重要的。人类呼吸道含有...

该技术的目的在气道上皮细胞（EC），其中的第一个位点被直接暴露于吸入的环境压力，如病原体，变应原或污染物。内皮细胞多于一个结构性障碍：他们作为一个交换机通过可溶性介质4-6和配体/受体对他们的表面活性7-9表达式的释放来启动和调节呼吸系统的免疫反应1-3。虽然永生化的细胞系可作为模型来研究呼吸内皮细胞在体外 ，它们不能分化成偏振纤毛和黏液分泌细胞，类似的是， 在体内观察到的由异质细胞群。扼要重述在体内观察到的呼吸道上皮细胞的重要特征，主气道的EC可以被使用。因此，我们的目标是优化我们利用鼻内皮细胞（邻舍）方法从人类志愿者获得。在NEC的是在体外扩增和培养，得到分化邻舍的细胞培养模型模仿许多的鼻上皮见于体内的功能。 合理使用体外模型与人类原发性内皮模仿体内的情况-如本研究中所描述-赋予独特的可能性，研究内皮细胞的疾病的具体差异，与气道上皮细胞相关生理参数，或内皮细胞和其他细胞类型之间的相互作用，如树突细胞10，自然杀伤细胞11或巨噬细胞。现有的几种方法利用支气管内皮细胞，它可以侵入通过刷活检支气管镜检查过程中获得，或者从其他废弃肺组织12-17。此外，商业来源获得完全分化的人类呼吸道上皮细胞培养从MatTek，阿什兰，马萨诸塞，Clonetics存在（EpiAirway模型从龙沙，瑞士巴塞尔，MucilAir从Epithelix非典，瑞士日内瓦），其中研究人员可以从不同的捐赠者选择。因为市售的上皮细胞，限制或规定的一套参数的有限池然而，与市场上取得初级人类呼吸道内皮细胞相关的成本，以及有限的访问丢弃肺组织或刚获得的人支气管活检组织，禁止许多研究者从开展研究中完全分化的人类呼吸道内皮细胞。因此，我们着手开发，将1）利用非侵入性得到人类邻舍，2）提供了一个协议产生的分化的人类呼吸道上皮细胞培养，以及3）与现有组织培养的基础设施大部分实验室的设置可再现的技术。 优于现有的技术/型号获得新鲜的邻舍，较支气管或者小气道的精英，很多创伤小，个别S可活检多次无显著副作用，而且肤浅的鼻刮活检可以，否则将不符合研究相关的支气管镜检查患病人群进行。非侵入性的浅表刮活检以获得长者邻舍中心允许研究者设置捐助规范是先验的 ，包括年龄，性别，疾病状况等按照要完成的研究目标。因此，在设计调查研究时，研究者没有被临床上可用的组织/上皮标本的限制，购买自商业供应商，或设计侵袭性纤维支气管镜研究昂贵的分化细胞培养模型。此外，易于获得NEC的增加，从不同供体进行的实验中的细胞，从而提高观察结果的统计验证的能力。最后，鼻子是第一的网站暴露于任何种类的空气传播的压力之一。因此，生成的器官体外培养系统模仿鼻腔上皮细胞是研究吸入病毒颗粒，污染物，过敏原，或气体，这可以通过使用这种细胞培养系统很容易实现的是有用的。

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name of the reagent</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalogue number</td>
 <td>Comments (optional)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Nasal speculum</td>
 <td>Welch Allyn</td>
 <td>Model 22009</td>
 <td>9 mm, reusable polyproylene</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Operating otoscope</td>
 <td>Welch Allyn</td>
 <td>Model 21700</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Rhino probe cell cuvette</td>
 <td>Arlington Scientific</td>
 <td>SY-96-092</td>
 <td>bend the head of the cuvette a little more</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>12-well culture plates</td>
 <td>Corning</td>
 <td>3512</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Transwell membrane cell culture inserts</td>
 <td>Corning</td>
 <td>3460</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Tissue culture flask </td>
 <td>Corning</td>
 <td>430639 and 430641</td>
 <td>T25 and T75 vented flask</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>RPMI 1640 media (with L-Glutamine)</td>
 <td>Gibco</td>
 <td>11875</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Bronchial/Tracheal Epithelial Cell Growth Medium</td>
 <td>Cell applications</td>
 <td>511-500</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>BEGM Bronchial Epithelial Cell Growth Medium</td>
 <td>Lonza</td>
 <td>CC-3170</td>
 <td>This comes as a kit of one bottle of medium and vials with supplements.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sodium Bicarbonate 7.5% solution</td>
 <td>Gibco</td>
 <td>25080</td>
 <td>Use as it is.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>NuSerum</td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>355104</td>
 <td>Use as it is.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>BAMBANKER freezing media</td>
 <td>BAMBANKER</td>
 <td>302-14681</td>
 <td>Use as it is.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>CoolCell </td>
 <td>Biocision</td>
 <td>HTBCS-136</td>
 <td>(CryoPrep alcohol-free cell freezing container)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>PureCol</td>
 <td>AdvancedBioMatrix</td>
 <td>5005-B</td>
 <td>dilute 1:100 with sterile water (should be roughly 0.03 mg/ml)use 500 &mu;l/well of a 12-well plate</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>HBSS with Ca2 and Mg2+</td>
 <td>Gibco</td>
 <td>14025</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>DNAse 1</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>DN25</td>
 <td>Dissolve at 1.5 mg/ml, which is a 100x solution, add 10 &mu;l to each ml of media</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Trypsin, 0.25%, 1x, with phenol red</td>
 <td>Gibco</td>
 <td>25200-056</td>
 <td>Use at it is</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Soy Bean Trypsin Inhibitor (SBTI)</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>T6522</td>
 <td>Use dissolved in HBSS at a concentration of 1 mg/ml</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Retinoic acid</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>R7632</td>
 <td>Make it up 100 &mu;M stock solution (see below), dilute to 10 &mu;M with absolute alcohol, take 5 &mu;l of this and add it to 1 ml BEGM media (our working solution). 
 
 All-trans Retinol has a coefficient of extinction of 52,480 in ethanol at 325 nm. Dissolve 25 mg in 50 ml absolute ethanol. Serial dilutions need to be made, dilute 50 ml of stock in 450 ml absolute ethanol, take 50 ml of this, dilute in 450 ml absolute ethanol, take 50 ml of this, dilute in 450 ml absolute ethanol, and again take 50 ml of this, dilute in 450 ml absolute Ethanol, take 100 ml of this and dilute in 900 ml absolute ethanol and read in the spectrophotometer at 325 nm, this number is then multiplied by its' dilution factor, then divided by the extinction coefficient of 52,480, this will give a number in mM. Make a 100 mM stock (store at -20 &deg;C) and from this stock a 10 mM aliquot is made, the daily retinoic acid needed would be 5 ml of this 10 mM aliquot in 995 ml ALI media.
 Example: 325nm reading is 1.15. 1.15 x 10,000 (dilution factor) / 52,480 = 0.219 = 219 mM, make a 100 mM stock from this, in absolute ethanol.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>DMEM high glucose (1x), liquid, with L-glutamine and sodium pyruvate</td>
 <td>Gibco</td>
 <td>11995</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Bovine Pituitary Extract</td>
 <td>Gibco</td>
 <td>13028-014</td>
 <td>Used for BEGM ALI media.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Nystatin</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>N4014-50 mg</td>
 <td>Make up a solution of 3.3 mg/ml.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
 <td>Fisher Scientific</td>
 <td>BP1600-100</td>
 <td>Make up a solution of 10 mg/ml solution in milliQ water.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>PneumaCult-ALI media</td>
 <td>StemCell</td>
 <td>5001</td>
 <td>This comes as a kit of one bottle of medium and vials with supplements. For details see below.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Hydrocortisone </td>
 <td>StemCell</td>
 <td>7904</td>
 <td>Dissolve 2.4 mg hydrocortisone in 1 ml ddH2O (used to make the 200x Hydrocortisone stock solution)</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Heparin Sodium Salt in PBS (2 mg/ml)</td>
 <td>StemCell</td>
 <td>7980</td>
 <td>Use at it is. </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Filter flasks (500 ml)</td>
 <td>Corning</td>
 <td>431097</td>
 <td>0.22 &mu;m pore size</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Filter tubes (50 ml)</td>
 <td>Millipore</td>
 <td>SCGP00525</td>
 <td>Steriflip, 0.22 &mu;m pore size</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Pipette tips - ART Barrier Tips</td>
 <td>Molecular Bioproducts</td>
 <td>2139RI, 2069RI, 2179RI</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Conical tubes, sterile, 15 ml and 50 ml</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>ddH2O, absolute ethanol, ice</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>CO2 incubator</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>refrigerated centrifuge</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>biological safety cabinet</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>pipettes (p2, p200, p1000), 9 in glass pipettes</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>gloves</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>lab coat with tight cuffs</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td>
 <table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Media and solutions used:</td>
 <td>Recipe</td>
 <td>Used for</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td colspan="3">General remark: always warm the media to room temperature</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td rowspan="2">BEGM media</td>
 <td><ul><li> 500 ml BEGM Cell Application media with one aliquot of retinoic acid</li></ul> </td>
 <td>(mix them half-half and filter )</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 500 ml BEGM Lonza media with one aliquot of single quot supplements </li></ul></td>
 <td><ul><li> digestion of the biopsy</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td rowspan="3">BEGM+ media</td>
 <td><ul><li> 50 ml BEGM media </li></ul></td>
 <td><ul><li> maintaining cells on plastic in the plates (passage0) </li></ul></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 10 &mu;l retinoic acid (working solution)</li></ul> </td>
 <td><ul><li> seeding cells in the flask (passage1; partially)</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td></td>
 <td><ul><li> maintain the cells in the flask </li></ul></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td rowspan="3">BEGM++ media</td>
 <td><ul><li> 50 ml Lonza's BEGM media with supplements</li></ul> </td>
 <td><ul><li> seeding fresh cells in 12-well plate on plastic</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 1 ml Sodium BiCarb</li></ul> </td>
 <td><ul><li> maintaining cells in the plates on plastic (passage0; only partially)</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 2.5 ml NuSerum</li></ul> </td>
 <td><ul><li> seeding cells in the flask (passage1; partially)</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td rowspan="5">BEGM ALI media</td>
 <td><ul><li> 250 ml DMEM-H </li></ul></td>
 <td rowspan="5"><ul><li> Maintaining cells on the transwell before they go ALI</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 250 ml BEGM including supplements</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 2 ml Bovine Pituitary Extract (12.5 mg/ml solution)</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 1 ml Nystatin (3.3 mg/ml solution)</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 75 &mu;l BSA (10 mg/ml solution)</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td rowspan="5">200X Hydrocortisone Stock Solution (96 &mu;l/ml solution)</td>
 <td><ul><li> 200 &mu;l dissolved hydrocortisone</li></ul> </td>
 <td rowspan="5"><ul><li> As a supplement to the PneumaCult-ALI Complete Base Medium for the last day in the flask and when cells are on inserts</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 4250 &mu;l dissolved sodium chloride </li></ul></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 540 &mu;l ddH2O</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 10 &mu;l absolute ethanol</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Filter solution through 0.22 &mu;m filter, aliquot solution and store at -20 &deg;C, avoid additional freeze/thaw cycles</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td rowspan="3">PneumaCult-ALI Complete Base Media</td>
 <td><ul><li> 450 ml PneumaCult-ALI Basal Medium</li></ul> </td>
 <td><ul><li> Base medium for all three PneumaCult-ALI media </li></ul></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 50 ml PneumaCult 10x Supplement </li></ul></td>
 <td><ul><li> The PneumaCult media is light sensitive, thus always keep it in the dark</li></ul> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>(this is stable for 2 weeks at 2-8 &deg;C or for up to 6 months at -20 &deg;C)</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td rowspan="4">PneumaCult-ALI Maintenance Medium</td>
 <td>Per 1 ml of PneumaCult-ALI Complete Base Medium add:</td>
 <td rowspan="4">ALI culture on inserts</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 10 &mu;l PneumaCult 100x Maintenance Supplement </li></ul></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 2 &mu;l Heparin (of a 2 mg/ml stock solution) </li></ul></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td><ul><li> 5 &mu;l Hydrocortisone (of a 96 &mu;l/ml stock solution) </li></ul></td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
 </td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

culturing of human nasal epithelial cells at the air liquid interface

在使用体外模型的人原代上皮细胞是在理解微生物感染或吸入剂的情况下的呼吸道上皮关键功能是必不可少的。细胞的患病人群中获得的直接比较让我们来描述不同表型和解剖调解变化上皮细胞功能的基本机制。培养从人支气管区域的上皮细胞已被很好的记载，但通过与获得的支气管刷活组织检查相关的人类肺组织或侵袭的可用性的限制。鼻粘膜上皮细胞通过较少侵入性的浅表鼻刮活检获得，主体可以活检多次无显著副作用。此外，鼻子的入口点的呼吸系统和因此的第一站点被暴露于任何种类的空气传播的应激物，如微生物剂1，污染物，或过敏原。 简要地说，从人类志愿者获得的鼻上皮细胞上涂覆的组织培养板中膨胀，然后转移到细胞培养插入。在达到汇合，将细胞继续在气 - 液界面（ALI），以进行培养，持续数周，从而产生更多的生理相关的条件。 ALI的培养条件下用确定的培养基导致了分化的上皮细胞表现出形态和功能特征类似于人的鼻上皮，既纤毛和黏液分泌细胞。组织培养插入分化鼻上皮细胞可在各种不同的方式来操作取决于研究问题（治疗用药物制剂，转导与慢病毒载体，暴露于气体或感染微生物剂），并为许多不同的端点，从分析细胞和分子通路，通道功能安格斯，形态等。 在分化的人类鼻黏膜上皮细胞的体外模型将使研究者通过实验器官模型，主要模拟体内鼻腔上皮细胞，以解决新的和重要的研究问题。

NEC的培养继此处描述的协议重新分化成内皮细胞的异质层纤毛和非纤毛细胞，相当于本体内的情况（ 图1）构成的。有些区别的长者邻舍中心是粘液产生（细胞蓝染色使用AB / PAS， 图1B）。尽管这里介绍的协议进行了优化，分 ​​化可以与问候的整体细胞群（：粘液产生细胞： 即不同比例纤毛细胞的非纤毛细胞）的分布有所不同，甚至得到更多的鳞状上皮?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface at JoVE.com

Culturing of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells at the Air Liquid Interface

鼻粘膜上皮细胞，通过志愿者的浅表刮活检，是扩大和转移到组织培养插入。一旦达到融合，细胞生长在空气液体界面，产生纤毛和非纤毛细胞的培养。分化鼻粘膜上皮细胞培养提供可行的实验模型为研究呼吸道黏膜。

人鼻粘膜上皮细胞在气液界面培养

In vitro models using human primary  epithelial cells are essential in understanding key functions of the respiratory  epithelium in the context of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Grown from Explants

从外植体生长的首要人权支气管上皮细胞

Human bronchial epithelial cells are needed for cell models of disease and to investigate the effect of excipients and pharmacologic agents on the ...

科研

生物学

A System for Culturing Iris Pigment Epithelial Cells to Study Lens Regeneration in Newt

一个系统为培养虹膜色素上皮细胞，研究蝾螈镜头再生

Salamanders like newt and axolotl possess the ability to regenerate many of its lost body parts such as limbs, the tail with spinal cord, eye, brain, ...

Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

诱导上皮和分析间质转化

Epithelial  to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for proper morphogenesis during  development. Misregulation of this  process has been implicated ...

Fluorescence Imaging with One-nanometer Accuracy (FIONA)

Fluorescence Imaging with One-nanometer Accuracy FIONA

荧光成像与一纳米精度（FIONA）

Fluorescence imaging with one-nanometer accuracy (FIONA) is a simple but useful technique for localizing single fluorophores with nanometer precision in ...

A Method for Selecting Structure-switching Aptamers Applied to a Colorimetric Gold Nanoparticle Assay

适用于比色金纳米粒子检测方法的选择结构切换适配方法

Small molecules provide rich targets for biosensing applications due to their physiological implications as biomarkers of various aspects of human health ...

Design and Development of Aptamer&#8211;Gold Nanoparticle Based Colorimetric Assays for In-the-field Applications

Design and Development of AptamerÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“Gold Nanoparticle Based Colorimetric Assays for In-the-field Applications

设计和适体 - 金纳米粒子基于比色法的开发在这领域的应用

The design and development of an aptamer&#8211;gold nanoparticle (AuNP) colorimetric assay for the detection of small molecules for in-the-field ...

A Graphical User Interface for Software-assisted Tracking of Protein Concentration in Dynamic Cellular Protrusions

软件辅助跟踪动态细胞突变中蛋白质浓度的图形用户界面

Filopodia are dynamic, finger-like cellular protrusions associated with migration and cell-cell communication. In order to better understand the complex ...

The Ingestion of Fluorescent, Magnetic Nanoparticles for Determining Fluid-uptake Abilities in Insects

吸收荧光、磁性纳米微粒测定昆虫的吸液能力

Fluid-feeding insects ingest a variety of liquids, which are present in the environment as pools, films, or confined to small pores. Studies of liquid ...

Nasal Potential Difference to Quantify Trans-epithelial Ion Transport in Mice

鼻电位差量化小鼠跨上皮离子转运

The nasal potential difference test has been used for almost three decades to assist in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). It has proven to be helpful ...

An Air-liquid Interface Bronchial Epithelial Model for Realistic, Repeated Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particles for Toxicity Testing

用于真实、反复吸入空气颗粒以进行毒性测试的气液接口支气管上皮模型

For toxicity testing of airborne particles, air-liquid interface (ALI) exposure systems have been developed for in vitro tests in order to mimic realistic ...