Name: gyroid nickel nanostructures from diblock copolymer supramolecules
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Vi anerkender økonomisk støtte fra Zernike Instituttet for Avancerede Materialer, University of Groningen.

1.. Forberedelse og karakterisering af PS-b-P4VP (PDP) komplekser med Double gyroid Morfologi <ol><li> Afvej polystyren-blok-poly (4-vinylpyridin) (PS-b-P4VP) og pentadecylphenol (PDP, Mr = 304,51 g / mol). For at opnå den gyroid morfologi, omhyggeligt vælge mængden af PDP burde være (vægtandelen af P4VP (PDP) blok (f P4VP (PDP)) være ca. 0,6 ifølge fasediagrammet af lineære AB diblokcopolymerer). Normalt, 0,15-0,2 g af et PS-b-P4VP f?...

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Supramolekylære komplekser anvendt med succes som prækursorer til velordnede metal Nanofoams. I denne metode, det afgørende skridt er at erhverve den rette skabelon, dvs en skabelon med gyroid morfologi. I den fase diagram af blokcopolymerer den gyroid regionen er meget lille, og det er lidt svært at målrette. Dette betyder, at hvis konventionelle blokcopolymerer anvendes som udgangsmaterialer, er ganske omfattende syntese gentages, indtil den ønskede sammensætning, som giver anledning til gyroid morfolo...

Der er flere teknikker til rådighed for udarbejdelsen af metal Nanofoams: dealloying 1-3, sol-gel tilgange 4,5, nanosmelting 6,7, og forbrænding syntese 8.. I dealloying proces udgangsmaterialet er sædvanligvis en binær legering, for eksempel en legering af sølv og guld. Den mindre ædle metal, sølv i denne sag, kan fjernes enten kemisk eller elektrokemisk resulterer i en uordnet porøst guld skum med nanostørrelse ledbånd. Forbrænding syntese, metal er blandet med en energisk forstadium, der frigiver energi under nedbrydning og driver dannelsen af metal nanofoam 8. Undersøgelser vedrørende mekaniske opførsel af metalskum viser, at i uordnede arkitekturer belastninger ikke kan overføres effektivt fra ligament nanoskala til den samlede Makroskalaplacering 9-11. Således velordnede metal Nanofoams forventes at have overlegne mekaniske egenskaber i forhold tiluordnede dem. Ideen er repræsenteret her, er at ansætte blokcopolymerer at selv samle ind bestilt nanostrukturer som forløbere for metal Nanofoams. Afhængig af sammensætningen af en blokcopolymer, det samlede antal monomerenheder, og omfanget af frastødning mellem de kemisk forbundne blokke forskellige morfologier forekomme såsom: sfærisk, cylindrisk, lamellar, dobbelt gyroid, Hexagonal perforeret lamellar, og andre 12-14 . Endvidere kan polymerblokke nedbrydes selektivt fører til nanoporøse materialer 15. De mest almindelige metoder er: ozonolyse 16-18, UV-bestråling 19, reaktiv ion ætsning 20-22, og opløsning 23-26. De genererede porøse strukturer kan tilbagefyldt med forskellige uorganiske materialer. Metaloxider (f.eks SiO 2, TiO 2) normalt indføres via sol-gel-metoden i skabelonens kanaler 27-29. Electrochemical og strømløs er almindeligt anvendt til at deponere metal i eller på skabeloner 30-33. Endelig kan de resterende polymer fjernes fra polymer / uorganiske nanohybrid via pyrolyse 2 opløsning 34,35, UV-nedbrydning 28,29 osv. I vores tilgang, vi starter fra en supramolekylær kompleks af polystyren-block-poly (4-vinylpyridin) (PS-b-P4VP) diblokcopolymer og amfifile pentadecylphenol (PDP) molekyler. Dette kompleks er et resultat af hydrogenbinding mellem PDP og pyridinringe (figur 1a). Sammensætningen af startblokken copolymer og mængden af tilsat PDP vælges på en sådan måde, at de opnåede systemet selv samler i bikontinuerte dobbelt gyroid morfologi med et PS-netværk og et P4VP (PDP) matrix (figur 1b). PDP-molekyler bliver selektivt opløst i ethanol og P4VP kæder sammenbrud på PS netværk (Figur 1c). Efterfølgende anvendelse af strømløs plettering fremgangsmåde nikkel aflejres i porerne i skabelonen (figur 1d). Efter fjernelse af den resterende polymer via pyrolyse, er en velordnet gyroid nikkel nanofoam opnået (figur 1e).

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>REAGENTS:</td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>PS-b-P4VP, CAS: 26222-40-2</td>
 <td>Polymer Source Inc.</td>
 <td>P9009-S4VP 
 P136-S4VP 
 P5462-S4VP 
 P3912-S4VP</td>
 <td>additional information are provided in a separate table</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>PDP</td>
 <td>Aldrich</td>
 <td>P4402-100G-A</td>
 <td>recrystallized twice from petroleum ether</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>SnCl2</td>
 <td>Acros Organics</td>
 <td>196981000</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>PdCl2</td>
 <td>Aldrich</td>
 <td>76050</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>NiSO4 x H2O</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>227676</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>lactic acid</td>
 <td>Aldrich</td>
 <td>W261106</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>citric acid trisodium salt</td>
 <td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
 <td>C3674</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>borane dimethyl amine complex</td>
 <td>Aldrich</td>
 <td>180238</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>PS-b-P4VP catalogue number</td>
 <td>Mn (PS), g/mol</td>
 <td>Mn(P4VP), g/mol</td>
 <td>PDI</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>P9009-S4VP</td>
 <td>24000</td>
 <td>9500</td>
 <td>1.1</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>P136-S4VP</td>
 <td>31900</td>
 <td>13200</td>
 <td>1.08</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>P5462-S4VP</td>
 <td>37500</td>
 <td>16000</td>
 <td>1.3</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>P3912-S4VP</td>
 <td>41500</td>
 <td>17500</td>
 <td>1.07</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

gyroid nickel nanostructures from diblock copolymer supramolecules

Nanoporøse metalskum besidder en unik kombination af egenskaber - de er katalytisk aktive, termisk og elektrisk ledende, og desuden har en høj porøsitet, højt overfladeareal-til-volumen og styrke-til-vægt-forhold. Desværre, fælles tilgange til forberedelse af metalliske nanostrukturer gengive materialer med meget uorganiseret arkitektur, som kan have en negativ indvirkning på deres mekaniske egenskaber. Blokcopolymerer har evnen til selv samle ind bestilt nanostrukturer og kan anvendes som skabeloner til fremstilling af velordnede metal Nanofoams. Her beskriver vi anvendelse af en blokcopolymer baseret supramolekylære kompleks - polystyren-block-poly (4-vinylpyridin) (pentadecylphenol) PS-b-P4VP (PDP) - som en forløber for velordnet nikkel nanofoam. De supramolekylære komplekser udviser en fase adfærd ligner konventionelle blokcopolymerer og kan selv samle ind den bikontinuerte gyroid morfologi with to PS netværk placeres i en P4VP (PDP) matrix. PDP kan opløses i ethanol, hvilket fører til dannelse af en porøs struktur, der kan efterfyldes med metal. Brug strømløs plettering teknik, kan nikkel indsættes i skabelonens kanaler. Endelig kan de resterende polymer fjernes via pyrolyse af polymer / uorganisk nanohybrid resulterer i nanoporøse nikkelskum med invers gyroid morfologi.

Morfologi af supramolekylære komplekser PS-b-P4VP (PDP) x undersøges af TEM og SAXS Figur 2a og 2b viser typiske gyroid mønstre af et repræsentativt supramolekylær kompleks:. Dobbelt-bølge, og vogn-hjulet mønstre, der er kendt for at repræsentere fremspring gennem (211) og (111) plan gyroid enhedscelle hhv. Ps blok domæner fremtræder lyse mens P4VP (PDP) x blok domæner synes mørke grundet iodfarvning. Figur 2c repræsenterer dobbelt-bølge mønster ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules at JoVE.com

Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures from Diblock Copolymer Supramolecules

Gyroid Nickel Nanostructures fra diblokcopolymeren Supramolecules

Denne artikel beskriver fremstillingen af velordnede nikkel Nanofoams via strømløs metal aflejring på nanoporøse skabeloner opnået fra selv-samlet diblokcopolymer baserede supramolecules.

Nanoporous metal foams possess a unique combination of properties - they are catalytically active, thermally and electrically conductive, and furthermore, ...

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Chemistry

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