Name: isolation of adipose tissue immune cells
Uploaded: 2013-05-22T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells at JoVE.com

JSO er understøttet af en NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA (F32 DK091040) er AK støttes af en postdoc Fellowship fra American Diabetes Association (7-10-MI-05), og AHH er understøttet af en American Heart Association Etableret Investigator Award (12EIA8270000). Flowcytometri blev udført i VMC Flowcytometri delt ressource. VMC Flowcytometri fælles ressource understøttes af Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center (DK058404).

1.. Reagenser og tilbehør Før iværksættelse af denne forsøgsprotokol, forberede følgende reagenser: <ol><li> 70% ethanol </li><li> 1X PBS </li><li> 1X DPBS (uden Ca og Mg) suppleret med 0,5% BSA </li><li> FACS buffer: 1X DPBS (uden Ca og Mg), 2 mM EDTA, og 1% FCS </li><li> ACK buffer: 150 mM NH4CI, 10 mM KHCO3, og 0,1 mM Na2EDTA i vand </li></ol> 2.. Høst og klargøring af fedtvæv <ol><li> Afliv mus ifølge IACUC-godkendte ...

<ol>
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P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Obesity+is+associated+with+macrophage+accumulation+in+adipose+tissue.">Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue.</a> The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 112, 1796-1808 (2003).</li><li>Xu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+inflammation+in+fat+plays+a+crucial+role+in+the+development+of+obesity-related+insulin+resistance.">Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance.</a> The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 112, 1821-1830 (2003).</li><li>Mathis, D., Shoelson, S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunometabolism:+an+emerging+frontier.">Immunometabolism: an emerging frontier.</a> Nature Reviews. Immunology. 11, 81 (2011).</li><li>Stefanovic-Racic, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dendritic+cells+promote+macrophage+infiltration+and+comprise+a+substantial+proportion+of+obesity-associated+increases+in+CD11c++cells+in+adipose+tissue+and+liver.">Dendritic cells promote macrophage infiltration and comprise a substantial proportion of obesity-associated increases in CD11c+ cells in adipose tissue and liver.</a> Diabetes. 61, 2330-2339 (2012).</li><li>Liu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+deficiency+and+pharmacological+stabilization+of+mast+cells+reduce+diet-induced+obesity+and+diabetes+in+mice.">Genetic deficiency and pharmacological stabilization of mast cells reduce diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice.</a> Nature Medicine. 15, 940-945 (2009).</li><li>Feuerer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lean,+but+not+obese,+fat+is+enriched+for+a+unique+population+of+regulatory+T+cells+that+affect+metabolic+parameters.">Lean, but not obese, fat is enriched for a unique population of regulatory T cells that affect metabolic parameters.</a> Nature Medicine. 15, 930-939 (2009).</li><li>Nishimura, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CD8++effector+T+cells+contribute+to+macrophage+recruitment+and+adipose+tissue+inflammation+in+obesity.">CD8+ effector T cells contribute to macrophage recruitment and adipose tissue inflammation in obesity.</a> Nature Medicine. 15, 914-920 (2009).</li><li>Winer, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normalization+of+obesity-associated+insulin+resistance+through+immunotherapy.">Normalization of obesity-associated insulin resistance through immunotherapy.</a> Nature Medicine. 15, 921-929 (2009).</li><li>Winer, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=B+cells+promote+insulin+resistance+through+modulation+of+T+cells+and+production+of+pathogenic+IgG+antibodies.">B cells promote insulin resistance through modulation of T cells and production of pathogenic IgG antibodies.</a> Nature Medicine. 17, 610-617 (2011).</li><li>Wu, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+invariant+natural+killer+T+cells+by+lipid+excess+promotes+tissue+inflammation,+insulin+resistance,+and+hepatic+steatosis+in+obese+mice.">Activation of invariant natural killer T cells by lipid excess promotes tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obese mice.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109. , 1143-1152 (2012).</li><li>Wu, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Eosinophils+sustain+adipose+alternatively+activated+macrophages+associated+with+glucose+homeostasis.">Eosinophils sustain adipose alternatively activated macrophages associated with glucose homeostasis.</a> Science. 332, 243-247 (2011).</li><li>Elgazar-Carmon, V., Rudich, A., Hadad, N., Levy, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophils+transiently+infiltrate+intra-abdominal+fat+early+in+the+course+of+high-fat+feeding.">Neutrophils transiently infiltrate intra-abdominal fat early in the course of high-fat feeding.</a> Journal of Lipid Research. 49, 1894-1903 (2008).</li><li>Talukdar, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophils+mediate+insulin+resistance+in+mice+fed+a+high-fat+diet+through+secreted+elastase.">Neutrophils mediate insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet through secreted elastase.</a> Nature Medicine. 18, 1407-1412 (2012).</li><li>Hagman, D. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterizing+and+quantifying+leukocyte+populations+in+human+adipose+tissue:+impact+of+enzymatic+tissue+processing.">Characterizing and quantifying leukocyte populations in human adipose tissue: impact of enzymatic tissue processing.</a> Journal of Immunological Methods. 386, 50-59 (2012).</li><li>Basu, S., Campbell, H. M., Dittel, B. N., Ray, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+of+specific+cell+population+by+fluorescence+activated+cell+sorting+(FACS).">Purification of specific cell population by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS).</a> J. Vis. Exp. (41), e1546 (2010).</li><li>Kotecha, N., Krutzik, P. O., Irish, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Web-based+analysis+and+publication+of+flow+cytometry+experiments.">Web-based analysis and publication of flow cytometry experiments.</a> Current Protocols in Cytometry. Chapter 10, Unit 10 (2010).</li><li>Cho, C. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Angiogenic+role+of+LYVE-1-positive+macrophages+in+adipose+tissue.">Angiogenic role of LYVE-1-positive macrophages in adipose tissue.</a> Circulation Research. 100, e47-e57 (2007).</li><li>Roederer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spectral+compensation+for+flow+cytometry:+visualization+artifacts,+limitations,+and+caveats.">Spectral compensation for flow cytometry: visualization artifacts, limitations, and caveats.</a> Cytometry. 45, 194-205 (2001).</li></ol>

Stigende interesse i rollen af ​​immunsystemet i de metaboliske konsekvenser af fedme har ført til den udbredte brug af flowcytometri at karakterisere immunceller af AT. Selv om den nøjagtige protokol vil variere mellem laboratorier baseret på deres egne erfaringer og tilgængeligt udstyr, de kritiske skridt omfatter collagenasefordøjelse, differentialcentrifugering og celleoverfladeantigen mærkning. Målet med denne artikel er at give en detaljeret protokol og praktisk vejledning til isolering af AT SVF til ef...

Historisk har fedtvæv (AT) blevet set som et indifferent organ af lipid opbevaring, som udvider sig og trækker i respons på energibalancen. Vi forstår nu, at AT repræsenterer en dynamisk endokrint organ, der aktivt udskiller en række hormoner, som har direkte indflydelse spiseadfærd og systemisk glukose homøostase. Derudover er der i det sidste årti har været en stigende forståelse for de talrige populationer af immunceller bosiddende i AT stromal vaskulære fraktion (SVF), samt deres bidrag til AT homeostase. Evnen til at adskille AT fedtcellerne og SVF med en collagenase fordøjelse efterfulgt af differentiel centrifugering blev først beskrevet af Rodbell i 1964 1. Collagenase II er oftest bruges til fedtcellerne og SVF separation på grund af vedligeholdelse af adipocyt insulin receptorer 1.. Tidligt, enzymatisk fraktionering af AT var primært ansat til at studere adipoCYTE metabolisme og at isolere præadipocytter. På det seneste har denne teknik, kombineret med den udbredte tilgængelighed af flowcytometre og det stadigt stigende antal kommercielt tilgængelige fluoroforen-konjugerede antistoffer, lettet karakterisering af AT immunceller. Selv om tilstedeværelsen af immunceller i betændt på havde tidligere blevet beskrevet 2, seminal papirer Weisberg et al. og Xu et al. blev offentliggjort i 2003, var den første til at dokumentere ophobning af AT makrofager (ATM) i fedme, som udskiller inflammatoriske cytokiner og korrelerer med AT-specifikke og systemisk insulinresistens 3,4. Disse observationer dannede grundlag for et nyt felt for efterforskning nyligt opfundet, &quot;immunometabolism,&quot; 5 og er blevet fulgt op af undersøgelser implicerer forskellige immun cellepopulationer, herunder dendritiske celler 6, mastceller 7, T-celler 8 -10, B-celler 11, NKT celler 12, eosinofiler 13, og neutrofiler 14,15 i udviklingen af fedme associeret insulinresistens. Målet med denne artikel er at give en detaljeret beskrivelse af collagenase fordøje teknik, der anvendes til at isolere celler af AT SVF og at beskrive pengeautomater og AT T-celler via flowcytometri. Denne protokol er optimeret til mus AT, dog kan seerne glæde af at læse en fremragende artikel yde omfattende detaljer om optimering af denne teknik til human AT 16.. Målgruppen for denne artikel indeholder efterforskerne med begrænset erfaring med at arbejde med musen på og udføre flowcytometri. Adskillige praktiske overvejelser til afbalancering cellulær udbytte og levedygtighed med tid og ressourcer præsenteres, samt optimale flowcytometri kontroller til at karakterisere AT immuncelletyper befolkninger. Ud over vores protokollen er læserne referred en nylig JOVE artikel af Basu et al. for en fremragende diskussion af nogle af de tekniske aspekter af flowcytometri til at omfatte ordentlig kontrol og kompensationer 17..

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalog #</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>DPBS (no Ca or Mg) 10 x 500 ml</td>
 <td>Life Technologies</td>
 <td>14190-250</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>DAPI</td>
 <td>Life Technologies</td>
 <td>D3571</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>BSA</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>A2153-100G</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>collagenase</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>C6885-5G</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>propidium iodide solution</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>P4864-10 ml</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>stable stack 20 microliter</td>
 <td>Rainin</td>
 <td>SS-L10</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>20 microliter filter tips</td>
 <td>Rainin</td>
 <td>SRL10F</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>stable stack 250 microliter tips</td>
 <td>Rainin</td>
 <td>SS-L250</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>1000 microliter tips</td>
 <td>Rainin</td>
 <td>GPS-L1000</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>1000 microliter filter tips</td>
 <td>Rainin</td>
 <td>GP-L1000F</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>250 microliter Filter Tips</td>
 <td>Rainin</td>
 <td>SR-L200F</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>FC Block</td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>553142</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>fisher 100mn strainers</td>
 <td>Fisherbrand</td>
 <td>22-363-549</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>medium weigh dish</td>
 <td>Fisherbrand</td>
 <td>02-202B</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>aluminum foil</td>
 <td>Fisherbrand</td>
 <td>1213100</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>mincing scissors</td>
 <td>Fisherbrand</td>
 <td>089531B</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Vortex</td>
 <td>Fisherbrand</td>
 <td>2215365</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>50 ml conical tubes</td>
 <td>BD Falcon</td>
 <td>14-959-49A</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>filter top FACS tubes</td>
 <td>BD Falcon</td>
 <td>352235</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>10 ml pipette case 200</td>
 <td>BD Falcon</td>
 <td>1367520</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>round bottom tubes</td>
 <td>BD Falcon</td>
 <td>352058</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>5 ml syringe</td>
 <td>BD Falcon</td>
 <td>309646</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>V Bottom Plates</td>
 <td>Costar</td>
 <td>07-200-107</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>transfer bulb pipette</td>
 <td>Thermo Scientific</td>
 <td>13-711-22</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Shaker</td>
 <td>Thermo Scientific</td>
 <td>11 676 071</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Adhesive mat</td>
 <td>Thermo Scientific</td>
 <td>1368750</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Cell Culture Centrifuge</td>
 <td>Sorvall</td>
 <td>75253839</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Adapters</td>
 <td>Sorvall</td>
 <td>75003723</td>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Rat anti-mouse CD16/CD32</td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>553142</td>
 <td>Concentration: 0.5 - 1 &mu;g/ 106 cells</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Rat anti-mouse F4/80</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>17-4801</td>
 <td>Fluorophore conjugate: APC 
 Concentration: 0.2 &mu;g/ 106 cells 
 Isotype control catalog number: 17-4321</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Rat anti-mouse CD11b</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>11-0112</td>
 <td>Fluorophore conjugate: FITC 
 Concentration: 0.5 &mu;g/ 106 cells 
 Isotype control catalog number: 11/1/4031</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Armenian Hamster anti-mouse CD11c</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>12-0114</td>
 <td>Fluorophore conjugate: PE 
 Concentration: 0.8 &mu;g/ 106 cells 
 Isotype control catalog number: Dec-88</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Goat anti-mouse MGL1/2</td>
 <td>R&amp;D Systems</td>
 <td>FAB4297P</td>
 <td>Fluorophore conjugate: PE 
 Concentration: 0.1 &mu;g/ 106 cells 
 Isotype control catalog number: IC108P</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Goat anti-mouse CD206</td>
 <td>R&amp;D Systems</td>
 <td>FAB2535P</td>
 <td>Fluorophore conjugate: PE 
 Concentration: 0.1 &mu;g/ 106 cells 
 Isotype control catalog number: IC108P</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Rat anti-mouse CCR2</td>
 <td>R&amp;D Systems</td>
 <td>FAB5538P</td>
 <td>Fluorophore conjugate: PE 
 Concentration: 0.1 &mu;g/ 106 cells 
 Isotype control catalog number: IC013P</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Armenian Hamster anti-mouse TCR&beta;</td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>553174</td>
 <td>Fluorophore conjugate: APC 
 Concentration: 0.2 &mu;g/ 106 cells 
 Isotype control catalog number: 553956</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Rat anti-mouse CD8a</td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>552877</td>
 <td>Fluorophore conjugate: PE-Cy7 
 Concentration: 0.8 &mu;g/ 106 cells 
 Isotype control catalog number: 552784</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Rat anti-mouse CD4</td>
 <td>BD Biosciences</td>
 <td>557956</td>
 <td>Fluorophore conjugate: Alexa Fluor 700 
 Concentration: 0.2 &mu;g/ 106 cells 
 Isotype control catalog number: 557963</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
Table 1. List of Materials and Reagents.

isolation of adipose tissue immune cells

Opdagelsen af ​​øget makrofaginfiltration i fedtvæv (AT) af fede gnavere og mennesker har ført til en intensivering af interesse i immun celle bidrag til lokal og systemisk insulinresistens. Isolering og kvantificering af forskellige immun cellepopulationer i lean og fede AT er nu en almindeligt brugt teknik i immunometabolism laboratorier endnu ekstrem forsigtighed skal træffes både i stromal vaskulære celle isolation og i flowcytometrianalyse så de indhentede oplysninger er pålidelig og fortolkelige . I denne video viser vi, hvordan man hakkekød, fordøje og isolere immun celle-beriget stromal vaskulære fraktion. Efterfølgende viser vi, hvordan antistof label makrofager og T-lymfocytter, og hvordan man korrekt gate på dem i flowcytometri eksperimenter. Repræsentative flowcytometri plots fra fedtfattig-fodret magert og højt fedtindhold-fodret overvægtige mus leveres. Et kritisk element af denne analyse er anvendelsen af ​​antistoffer, der gørikke fluorescerer i kanaler, hvor AT makrofager er naturligt autofluorescerende, samt brugen af ​​ordentlig kompensation kontrol.

Collagenasefordøjelse af AT efterfulgt af differentiel centrifugering blev anvendt til at isolere SVF fra epididymale fedtpuder mandlige C57BL/6J-mus fodret et lavt fedtindhold (10% kcal fra fedt) eller højt fedtindhold (60% kcal fra fedt) kost (LFD og HFD , henholdsvis) i 16 uger. Celler af SVF blev derefter mærket med fluoroforen-konjugerede primære antistoffer til at kvantificere andelen af levedygtige pengeautomater (figur 1) og AT T-celler (fig. 2) via FACS-analyse. Initial gat...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells

Fedtvæv (AT) er et site for intens immun celle aktivering og interaktion. Næsten alle celler i immunsystemet er til stede i AT og deres forhold ændres ved fedme. Korrekt isolation, kvantificering og karakterisering af AT immun cellepopulationer er afgørende for at forstå deres rolle i immunometabolic sygdom.

Isolering af fedtvæv immunceller

The discovery of increased macrophage infiltration in  the adipose tissue (AT) of obese rodents and humans has led to an  intensification of interest in ...

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