Name: flexible colonoscopy in mice to evaluate the severity of colitis and colorectal tumors using a validated endoscopic scoring system
Uploaded: 2013-10-16T20:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System at JoVE.com

特别感谢莎拉Kossak酒店，米切尔Guanzon，宋允杨和李郭嘉，为他们的实验动物的内镜检查过程中他们的合作。

1。设立内窥镜系统<ol><li>设置了内窥镜系统麻醉的小鼠前，按照制造商的说明进行操作。使用视频输尿管镜专为人类获得本协议（ 图1）。插入管的外径是9.9，FR（3.3毫米），其远端是8.5，FR（2.8毫米）和仪器通道的内径为6周五（1.2毫米）。 </li><li>虽然使用内窥镜尚未链接到疾病传播[9]，消毒的内窥镜和透镜与孢子形成微生物工作时，用70％乙醇10或者用适当的技术。准备抑...

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Protoc. 1, 2900-2904 (2006).</li><li>Hensley, H. H., Merkel, C. E., Chang, W. C., Devarajan, K., Cooper, H. S., Clapper, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endoscopic+imaging+and+size+estimation+of+colorectal+adenomas+in+the+multiple+intestinal+neoplasia+mouse.">Endoscopic imaging and size estimation of colorectal adenomas in the multiple intestinal neoplasia mouse.</a> Gastrointest. Endosc. 69, 742-749 (2009).</li><li>Banerjee, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Infection+control+during+GI+endoscopy.">Infection control during GI endoscopy.</a> Gastrointest. Endosc. 67, 781-790 (2008).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cleaning+and+disinfection+of+equipment+for+gastrointestinal+endoscopy.+Report+of+a+Working.">Cleaning and disinfection of equipment for gastrointestinal endoscopy. Report of a Working.</a> Party of the British Society of Gastroenterology Endoscopy Committee. Gut. 42, 585-593 (1998).</li><li>Sano, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+diagnostic+method+based+on+color+imaging+using+narrow+band+imaging+(NBI)+system+for+gastrointestinal+tract.">New diagnostic method based on color imaging using narrow band imaging (NBI) system for gastrointestinal tract.</a> Gastrointest. Endosc. 53, 125-12 (2001).</li><li>Davies, J., Burke, D., Olliver, J. R., Hardie, L. J., Wild, C. P., Routledge, M. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methylene+blue+but+not+indigo+carmine+causes+DNA+damage+to+colonocytes+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+at+concentrations+used+in+clinical+chromoendoscopy.">Methylene blue but not indigo carmine causes DNA damage to colonocytes in vitro and in vivo at concentrations used in clinical chromoendoscopy.</a> Gut. 56, 155-156 (2007).</li><li>Chiang, N., Schwab, J. M., Fredman, G., Kasuga, K., Gelman, S., Serhan, C. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anesthetics+impact+the+resolution+of+inflammation.">Anesthetics impact the resolution of inflammation.</a> PLoS One. 3, e1879 (2008).</li><li>Zilberman, D. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+digital+flexible+ureteroscope:+in+vitro+assessment+of+optical+characteristics.">The digital flexible ureteroscope: in vitro assessment of optical characteristics.</a> J. Endourol. 25, 519-522 (2011).</li><li>Machida, H., Sano, Y., Hamamoto, Y., Muto, M., Kozu, T., Tajiri, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Narrow-band+imaging+in+the+diagnosis+of+colorectal+mucosal+lesions:+a+pilot+study.">Narrow-band imaging in the diagnosis of colorectal mucosal lesions: a pilot study.</a> Endoscopy. 36, 1094-1098 (2004).</li><li>Dohoo, I., Martin, W., Stryhn, H., McPike, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cohort+studies.">Cohort studies.</a> Veterinary Epidemiologic Research. , 151-162 (2003).</li><li>Yiou, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pathophysiology+of+pelvic+floor+disorders:+evidence+from+a+histomorphologic+study+of+the+perineum+and+a+mouse+model+of+rectal+prolapse.">The pathophysiology of pelvic floor disorders: evidence from a histomorphologic study of the perineum and a mouse model of rectal prolapse.</a> J. Anat. 199, 599-607 (2001).</li></ol>

有关于修改内窥镜技术在小鼠和故障排除几方面的考虑。需要使用灵活的内镜检查过程中掌握了过程的关键方面包括需要防止腹胀和鼠标的呼吸妥协的风量的调节，以及视图控件的细微的技术方面与协调的角度和转矩控制。转矩控制是很重要的，以减少肠穿孔的危险。如果处理不当，鼠灵活的内窥镜成为一个非常安全的，快速的程序，可以直接可视化和感兴趣的研究领域肠活检取样。 <p class="j...

鼠内镜检查已经完成作为一个有用的研究工具超过十年1-3。到目前为止，大多数研究采用小鼠内窥镜使用了硬性内窥镜，虽然有些也使用软式乙状结肠镜。鼠胃镜提供立竿见影的效果和肠道正常，炎症的严重程度和肿瘤进展比较间接的措施，比如形体消瘦，腹泻，和组织学（这是次优的，当病灶呈斑片状）的程度更客观的估计数字，而提供对结肠的整体健康状况的见解。最值得注意的是，内窥镜允许的实验室动物模型随时间的反复评价，相对于传统的组织学检查，需要被实施安乐死，并收获用于分析1冒号的动物。尽管有这些优点，利用鼠内窥镜技术还没有广泛和由缺乏implementati标准化协议的限制在和病理结果的得分。正确实施，鼠胃镜拥有巨大潜力，以进一步促进我们的理解和多种慢性胃肠疾病，包括炎症性肠道疾病，结肠炎，大肠肿瘤动物模型的表征。 小鼠内镜技术的效用有赖于其可重复性和客观性，这就需要标准化的审查程序的存在和一致的，非冗余，可靠的评分系统肠道病变。至少三个描述性的评分系统对结肠炎4-6的内窥镜的评估，以及用于结肠肿瘤的小鼠4,7,8已经出版。然而，这些报道办法和评分系统是不能跨的研究容易比较。在许多情况下，有一种用于病变的分类标准没有明确的定义，和标准给出时，它们有很大的不同。此外，没有报告的评分系统是整合双方结肠炎和肿瘤，二是可以同时发生，对结果的互动效应最常见的结肠病理，到一个单一的测量工具的评估。最后，确实存在对结肠炎的内镜评分系统往往有炎症个类别，有限制的歧视（ 即 ，在短整型尺度窄的得分选择，往往1-4），以正确地表示疾病进展的情况，并能够使用参数统计分析。 在本文中，我们描述了使用柔性内窥镜的评估鼠结肠炎和结肠肿瘤的严重程度和描述的标准化协议，用于采用该技术的肛周区域，直肠和结肠的解剖评估。我们在内窥镜说明有效的故障排除，以减少创伤和图像伪影，和我们描述了一个可重复的评分系统基于验证的已发表的临床参数。该评分系统集成使用的有12个可能的等级炎症，肿瘤测绘和绘图选项，以及一个新的十进制单位制（即小数点标识符）歧视高水平突出与特定的诊断价值发现两者肠道炎症和肿瘤的评价（ 即肿瘤的发展，内镜检查等过程中的并发症）。使用十进制标识符允许对相关的数据集进行进一步的下游分析的快速跟踪。最后，我们在肠炎和结肠炎相关癌（葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）诱导的结肠炎， 难辨梭状芽孢杆菌感染，氧化偶氮甲烷/ DSS诱导结肠癌）的多种小鼠模型进行可靠性和评分系统的有效性测试。

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Isoflurane, USP</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Webster Veterinary&#160;</td>
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			<td style="width:217px;">surgilube, 0281-0205-45</td>
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			<td style="width:160px;">Olympus America</td>
			<td style="width:217px;">VISERA Pro CLV-S40 Pro</td>
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			<td style="width:160px;">MediCapture, Inc.</td>
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			<td style="width:160px;">Euthanex Corporation</td>
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</table>

flexible colonoscopy in mice to evaluate the severity of colitis and colorectal tumors using a validated endoscopic scoring system

为研究目的而利用现代内镜，大大方便了我们的胃肠道病变的认识。特别是，实验内窥镜一直需要在一个单独的实验动物反复评估，如那些评价慢性炎症性肠疾病的机制和结直肠癌的进展的研究是非常有用的。然而，对不同的研究中使用的方法是高度可变的。至少有三个内镜评分系统已经出版的小鼠结肠炎和公布结直肠肿瘤的评估，协议未能解决伴随结肠炎症的存在。本研究开发和验证一个可重复的内窥镜计分制度，同时集成了炎症和肿瘤的评价。这种新颖的评分系统由三大部分组成：1）评估大肠炎症的程度和严重性（基于肛周发现，沃尔玛的透明度升，粘膜出血，和局灶性病变），2）肿瘤性病变（格图和条形图），和临床病例通过病理和研究的相关基于十进制单位分配的类别观察病变3）数值排序的定量记录和内镜并发症（十进制标识符）。视频和手稿本文中所呈现的制备，以下IACUC批准的协议，以允许研究者使用经过验证和高度可重复的方法内窥镜得分自己的实验小鼠中，与该系统选项从近端内窥镜结肠炎（D-PECS区分远侧）。

该协议和图片在本研究中提出的制备用Olympus URF-V的柔性内窥镜14和NBI 11,15。视频图像被保存为MPEG-2格式和JPG，TIF，PNG或最大1280×1024像素，可转让的，以标准的USB闪存便携式记忆DICOM格式的图片。 NBI增强含血红蛋白的组织的视觉对比度。正常光线和NBI成像的关键特征，说明大肠黏膜的正常解剖及溃疡和肿瘤的发展（ 图3A和6A）在正常和异常血管之间的差异?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System at JoVE.com

Flexible Colonoscopy in Mice to Evaluate the Severity of Colitis and Colorectal Tumors Using a Validated Endoscopic Scoring System

在过去的几年中，新一代内窥镜已成为重要的诊断艾滋病的研究评估小鼠结肠炎和结肠肿瘤。我们在此提出一个详细的协议，用于炎症和大肠肿瘤在小鼠体内的内镜检查，以及使用十进制标识符记录结肠炎和结肠直肠肿瘤的内镜严重性一种新的评分系统。

灵活的结肠镜检查在小鼠使用经过验证的内镜评分系统来评估结肠炎和结肠直肠肿瘤的严重程度

The use of modern endoscopy for research purposes has greatly facilitated our understanding of gastrointestinal pathologies. In particular, experimental ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice

在免疫缺陷小鼠的建立和传播人类视网膜母细胞瘤肿瘤

Culturing retinoblastoma tumor cells in defined stem cell media gives rise to primary tumorspheres that can be grown and maintained for only a limited ...

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Use of Animal Model of Sepsis to Evaluate Novel Herbal Therapies

脓毒症动物模型，用于评估新型草药疗法

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection. It has been routinely simulated in animals by several ...

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

气管插管小鼠<em&gt;通过</em&gt;直接喉镜使用耳镜

Mice, both wildtype and transgenic, are the principal mammalian model in biomedical research currently. Intubation and mechanical ventilation are ...

Non-invasive Assessment of the Efficacy of New Therapeutics for Intestinal Pathologies Using Serial Endoscopic Imaging of Live Mice

新的治疗肠道病变的疗效，使用活体小鼠的串行内镜成像的非侵入性评估

Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) have provided significant insight into the cell intrinsic and extrinsic ...

Dry Powder and Nebulized Aerosol Inhalation of Pharmaceuticals Delivered to Mice Using a Nose-only Exposure System

干粉和药品的雾化吸入气雾剂递送小鼠使用鼻只曝光系统

Obstructive respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are currently treated by inhaled anti-inflammatory and ...

Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test

味觉考试: 一个简短的验证测试

The emerging importance of taste in medicine and biomedical research, and new knowledge about its genetic underpinnings, has motivated us to supplement ...

The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice

小鼠颞叶癫痫的 Radiotelemetry 模型及脑电图监测

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder in adulthood. For translational studies of chronic epilepsy, pilocarpine-induced status ...

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小鼠远端结肠造口术, 一种新的 C57BL/6 老鼠转移性结肠炎模型

Diversion colitis (DC) is a frequent clinical condition occurring in patients with bowel segments excluded from the fecal stream as a result of a ...

Using a Knee Arthrometer to Evaluate Tissue-specific Contributions to Knee Flexion Contracture in the Rat

用膝关节关节仪评价大鼠膝关节屈曲收缩的特定组织贡献

Normal knee range of motion (ROM) is critical to well-being and allows one to perform basic activities such as walking, climbing stairs and sitting. Lost ...

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch

慢性结肠炎相关结肠直肠癌的肿瘤切除术模型，通过卡卡贴片的精确定位

The human appendix has been recently implicated to play important biological roles in the pathogenesis of various complex diseases, such as colorectal ...