Name: picoinjection of microfluidic drops without metal electrodes
Uploaded: 2014-04-18T18:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Picoinjection of Microfluidic Drops Without Metal Electrodes at JoVE.com

这项工作是由生物工程和治疗科学系加州大学旧金山分校，定量生物科学（QB3），加州理工学院的支持，并从罗杰斯家庭基金会缩小差距奖。

1，设计器件尺寸和拓扑根据实验需要使用计算机辅助设计（CAD）软件注意：选择乳液通道的直径比球形液滴的直径。这迫使液滴成圆柱形或“腊肠”形，并能更有效地picoinjection。我们的目的，我们设计了30×30微米的渠道为分别为50微米直径的液滴。 <ol><li>模型picoinjection工地后那些由硫磷等 3与该异常的通道，该金属电极被除去，因为它们是不必要的说明。 </...

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	<li>Kritikou, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=It's+cheaper+in+the+Picolab.">It's cheaper in the Picolab.</a> Nat. Rev. Genet. 6 (9), (2005).</li><li>Ahn, K., Agresti, J., Chong, H., Marquez, M., Weitz, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrocoalescence+of+drops+synchronized+by+size-dependent+flow+in+microfluidic+channels.">Electrocoalescence of drops synchronized by size-dependent flow in microfluidic channels.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 (26), (2006).</li><li>Abate, A. R., Hung, T., Mary, P., Agresti, J. J., Weitz, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+injection+with+microfluidics+using+picoinjectors.">High-throughput injection with microfluidics using picoinjectors.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 107, 19163-19166 (2010).</li><li>Harris, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+a+microfluidic+device+for+the+compartmentalization+of+neuron+soma+and+axons.">Fabrication of a microfluidic device for the compartmentalization of neuron soma and axons.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (7), (2007).</li><li>Duffy, D. C., McDonald, J. C., Schueller, O. J., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+prototyping+of+microfluidic+systems+in+poly(dimethylsiloxane).">Rapid prototyping of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane).</a> Anal. Chem. 70 (23), 4974-4984 (1998).</li><li>O'Donovan, B., Eastburn, D. J., Abate, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrode-free+picoinjection+of+microfluidic+drops.">Electrode-free picoinjection of microfluidic drops.</a> Lab on a Chip. 12 (20), 4029-4032 (2012).</li><li>Holtze, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biocompatible+surfactants+for+water-in-fluorocarbon+emulsions.">Biocompatible surfactants for water-in-fluorocarbon emulsions.</a> Lab on a Chip. 8 (10), 1632-1639 (2008).</li><li>Chung, C., Lee, M., Char, K., Ahn, K., Lee, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Droplet+dynamics+passing+through+obstructions+in+confined+microchannel+flow.">Droplet dynamics passing through obstructions in confined microchannel flow.</a> Microfluid. Nanofluid. 9, 1151-1163 (2010).</li><li>Herminghaus, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamical+instability+of+thin+liquid+films+between+conducting+media.">Dynamical instability of thin liquid films between conducting media.</a> Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (12), 2359-2361 (1999).</li><li>Priest, C., Herminghaus, S., Seemann, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlled+electrocoalescence+in+microfluidics:+Targeting+a+single+lamella.">Controlled electrocoalescence in microfluidics: Targeting a single lamella.</a> Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 (13), 134101-134103 (2006).</li><li>Florent, M., Siva, A. V., Hao, G., Dirk, E., Frieder, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrowetting-controlled+droplet+generation+in+a+microfluidic+flow-focusing+device.">Electrowetting-controlled droplet generation in a microfluidic flow-focusing device.</a> J. Phys: Condens. Matter. 19 (46), (2007).</li><li>Eastburn, D. J., Sciambi, A., Abate, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Picoinjection+enables+digital+detection+of+RNA+with+droplet+rt-PCR.">Picoinjection enables digital detection of RNA with droplet rt-PCR.</a> PLoS ONE. 8 (4), (2013).</li></ol>

注射量和施加的电压之间的关系依赖于许多因素，包括设备的尺寸，管携带picoinjection流体的设备，摩尔浓度picoinjection流体的长度，并且液滴的速度，因为它们通过它们喷射器。出于这个原因，我们建议量/电压的关系，通过测量的进样量在电压和摩尔浓度的工作范围的边缘被定性picoinjection的每次运行前。此外，在更高的电压和注射液的摩尔浓度，我们观察到的现象，其中picoinjection流体不再是在?...

在液滴的基于微流体，微米级的水滴被用作“试管”用于生物反应。在执行中的微小液滴反应的优点是，每一滴用试剂只有几个PL，并与微流体液滴可形成并在千赫速率1处理。结合这些特性使数以百万计的反应与个体细胞，核酸分子，或将在最小的事，总材料微升进行化合物。 使用滴像这些应用，需要技术加试剂的体积控制到滴;这样的操作是类似的移液到试管。一种用于实现这一点是electrocoalescence，其中一滴试剂是通过施加电场合并与靶下降。的电场扰乱了表面活性剂分子的结构上的液滴的界面，INDucing薄膜的不稳定性和乳液触发聚结是稳定的，否则2。电诱导融合也利用在picoinjector，即注入的试剂成液滴，因为它们流过的加压通道3的设备的设计。以应用电场，picoinjector装置利用金属电极，但金属电极集成到微流控芯片通常是一个复杂且容易出错的过程，作为液体焊料导线由气泡或灰尘等杂物的通道容易受到损害，以及从应力性骨折或设备安装过程中弯曲。 这里，我们提出以执行picoinjection无需使用金属电极，使得制造更简单和更可靠的方法。触发picoinjection，我们改用注射液本身作为一个电极，因为大多数生物试剂含有溶解的电解质和具有导电性。我们还添加了一个“法拉第莫阿t“的屏蔽装置，并作为一个通用地面（ 图1）的敏感区域的电壕沟通过提供一接地，以防止意外的液滴合并隔离picoinjection站点的液滴上游。我们的技术的一个好处是，在量注入滴依赖于所施加的电压的大小，允许它通过调整施加的信号进行调整。 我们采用软光刻技术制造4,5我们在聚二甲基硅氧烷设备（PDMS）。我们的方法是与制作在其它材料的设备兼容，如树脂，塑料，以及环氧树脂。该通道具有高度和宽度为30微米，这是最适合于与液滴50微米的直径（65 PL）工作。我们通过插入在设备制造与0.50毫米活检穿孔，类似的方法创建单位描述端口聚乙烯管（0.3/1.09毫米内/外径）引入试剂离子束增强沉积以前5。注入流体的精确化妆取决于具体的应用。唯一的流体需要含有溶解的电解质的浓度高到足以产生足够的导电性为要被发送到的picoinjector的电信号。在台架测试中，我们已经发现，离子浓度大于10mM的应该足够6，尽管这个值和流体的电导率取决于特定器件的尺寸和所施加的电压的幅值。

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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">1 mL Leur-Lok&#8482; syringes</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Medical</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:160px;">309628</td>
			<td style="width:415px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">LocTite UV-cured adhesive</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Henkel</td>
			<td align="right">35241</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:283px;">PE-2 Tubing</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Scientific Commodities</td>
			<td>BB31695-PE/2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Novec HFE-7500</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">98-0212-2928-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">S9888</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">1.5 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:160px;">22363531</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">BD Falcon 15 ml tube</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:160px;">352097</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:283px;">Air Pressure Control Pump</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Control Air Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:160px;"></td>
			<td style="width:415px;">We recommend one under the control of DAQ and control software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringe Pumps</td>
			<td>New Era</td>
			<td style="width:160px;"></td>
			<td>Must be capable of holding 1ml syringes and flowing at rates as low as 100 uL/hr</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">HV-Amplfier</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:160px;"></td>
			<td>Must be capable of 1000x amplification of signals between 0.01 and 10 V</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plasma Bonder/Cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Harrick Plasma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3&#8221; silicon wafers</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:160px;">647535</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PDMS</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Dow Corning</td>
			<td style="width:160px;"></td>
			<td>Sylgard 184 with curing agent should be included</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">SU-8 Photoresist</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">MicroChem</td>
			<td style="width:160px;"></td>
			<td>Viscocity depends on device dimensions</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

picoinjection of microfluidic drops without metal electrodes

对于picoinjecting试剂进入微滴现有方法需要集成到微流控芯片的金属电极。这些电极的集成增加了麻烦和容易出错的步骤，该装置的制造过程。我们已经开发了消除picoinjection在金属电极的需求的技术。相反，它使用的注射液本身作为一个电极，因为大多数生物试剂含有溶解的电解质和具有导电性。通过消除在电极上，我们减少器件的制造时间和复杂性，并且使设备更加坚固。此外，用我们的方法中，注射量取决于施加到picoinjection溶液中的电压;这使我们能够迅速调整通过调整施加电压的注入量。我们证明，我们的方法是用掺入普通的生物化合物，包括缓冲液，酶和核酸的试剂相容。

采取在picoinjection现场表演显微图像，该picoinjection流体的电气化是足以触发注射（ 图2）。注入量可以通过调节所施加的电压的振幅，具有更高的电压允许更高的喷射量进行控制。我们绘制了喷射量与所施加电压的注射液中（ 图3）3代表摩尔浓度的大小。为了演示速度我们的方法中，我们有选择地注入通过注射部位取决于存在或荧光染料（ 电影1）的缺勤液滴?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Picoinjection of Microfluidic Drops Without Metal Electrodes at JoVE.com

Picoinjection of Microfluidic Drops Without Metal Electrodes

我们已经开发了用于picoinjecting微滴，不需要金属电极的技术。因此，结合我们的技术设备是简单的制造和使用。

微流控的Picoinjection滴无金属电极

Existing methods for picoinjecting reagents into microfluidic drops require metal electrodes integrated into the microfluidic chip. The integration of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators

制造和微流控光机振荡器测试

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including ...

科研

工程学

Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode

超声速度测量的液态金属电极

A growing number of electrochemical technologies depend on fluid flow, and often that fluid is opaque. Measuring the flow of an opaque fluid is inherently ...

Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors

氧化铱还原氧化石墨烯纳米杂化薄膜修饰丝网印刷电极一次性电化学微流控纸pH传感器

A facile, controllable, inexpensive and green electrochemical synthesis of IrO2-graphene nanohybrid thin films is developed to fabricate an easy-to-use ...

Knowledge Based Cloud FE Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Processes

板料成形过程的知识基于云的有限元模拟

The use of Finite Element (FE) simulation software to adequately predict the outcome of sheet metal forming processes is crucial to enhancing the ...

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

在没有聚集的层状钛酸盐薄膜透明的层间金纳米粒子的原位合成

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

Electrospinning of Photocatalytic Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

染料敏化太阳能电池的光催化电极的电纺丝

This work demonstrates a protocol to fabricate a fiber-based photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells, consisting of a light-scattering layer made of ...

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

具有嵌入式金属网的高性能，灵活，透明电极的可扩展解决方案处理制造策略

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a ...

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

金属/LaAlO 的生长和静电/化学性质3/SrTiO3异

The quasi 2D electron system (q2DES) that forms at the interface between LaAlO3 (LAO) and SrTiO3 (STO) has attracted much attention from the oxide ...

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

防结冰用超疏水性金属表面的制备

Several ways to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces are presented in this work. Aluminum was chosen as the metal substrate due to its wide use in ...

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) of Metal-Ceramic Components

Fused Filament Fabrication FFF of Metal-Ceramic Components

金属陶瓷元件的熔融长丝制造 (fff)

Technical ceramics are widely used for industrial and research applications, as well as for consumer goods. Today, the demand for complex geometries with ...