Name: isolation of cellular lipid droplets: two purification techniques starting from yeast cells and human placentas
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Bu çalışma Emniyeti&#39;ne Emniyeti&#39;ne Amerikan Kalp Derneği ödül 13SDG14500046, Sürdürülebilir Enerji Eğitim ve Araştırma Merkezi Ödülü (Tennessee Univ.) tarafından desteklenen ve JM için Hekim Tıp Eğitimi ve Araştırma Vakfı (Tennessee Univ.) tarafından ödüllü edildi Onun sallayarak inkübatör, masaüstü santrifüj, ve Western Blot analizi ekipman kullanımı için Eric T. Boder (Tennessee Univ.); yazarlar spheroplastlar için fisyon maya dönüştürmek için protokol için Caroline Leplante (. Yale Üniversitesi) teşekkür ve için Merkezi ultra santrifüj kullanımı için Çevresel Biyoteknoloji (Univ. Tennessee); maya antikorlar Günther Daum (Graz Üniversitesi Teknoloji, Avusturya.); teknik yardım için Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum (Univ. Tennessee Tıp Merkezi) Bölümü personel .

1.. (Fisyon) Maya Hücreleri gelen Lipid Damlalarda Yalıtımlı Maya Saccharomyces cerevisiae tomurcuklanan popüler model organizma damlacıkları izolasyonu aşağıdaki protokole 6 hemen hemen aynıdır. Hazırlıklarında farklılıklar belirtilmiştir. 1.. Büyüyen maya hücreleri <ol><li> Ortamını hazırlayın. Cam şişe ya da kültür şişelerinde dH 2 O litresi başına YE5S toz 36 g &#39;ını. Ortam yaklaşık 2 L ger...

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Acta. 44, 394-406 (2012).</li><li>Jagerstrom, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lipid+droplets+interact+with+mitochondria+using+SNAP23.">Lipid droplets interact with mitochondria using SNAP23.</a> Cell Biol. Int. 33, 934-940 (2009).</li><li>Xu, N. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+FATP1-DGAT2+complex+facilitates+lipid+droplet+expansion+at+the+ER-lipid+droplet+interface.">The FATP1-DGAT2 complex facilitates lipid droplet expansion at the ER-lipid droplet interface.</a> J. Cell Biol. 198, 895-911 (2012).</li><li>Ozeki, S., Cheng, J. 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Chem. 287, 2273-2279 (2012).</li></ol>

<html> Bu protokol kapsamında kritik adım Kültür haline gelmiş hücrelerin büyümesi sırasında ortam ve hücre yoğunlukları ile tutarlı olması için emin olun. Cellular lipid damlacıkları, ilişkili proteinlerin hücreler kültürlendi 17 olduğu çevre üzerine son derece bağımlı olmasıyla benzersizdir. Bu nedenle, hücrelerin yetiştirildiği ortam ve hücre yoğunluğu yakından lizis önce izlenmelidir. <p class="jove_cont...

Hücresel lipid damlacıkları hücrelerinde birden fazla işleve hizmet dinamik organelleri. Bunlar enerjiye dönüştürülür ya da fosfolipid sentezi için kullanılabilir nötr lipidler, depolama merkezleri vardır. Damlacıklar, ateroskleroz, obezite ve ilişkili metabolik hastalıklar da dahil olmak üzere fizyolojik ve patolojik durumlarda merkezi bir rol oynar ve aynı zamanda bulaşıcı hastalıklar 1,2. Buna ek olarak, biyodizel yakıtları için ilgi çekici kaynaklarıdır. Lipid damlacıkları hücre rolleri hakkında bilgisi geniş organizmalar 3 saflaştırılan damlacıklarının proteomik ve lipidomic analizinden elde edilmiştir. Bu organizmalar, bakteri 4,5, maya 6-11 dahil 12,13 bitkiler, 14 nematodları, ve 15,16 sinekler var. İnsan metabolik hastalıklar lipid damlaları rolü olan ilgi dikkate alındığında, damlacıkları ile kültürden geçirilmiş hayvan hücreleri ve a izole edilmişNimal dokular. Kültürlü hücre çizgileri, 3T3-L1 adipositler 17, Çin hamsteri yumurtalık (CHO) hücreleri 18 K2, insan hepatocyes 19,20 ve epitel hücre hatları 21 dahil ettik. Damlacıklar izole edilmiş olan hayvan dokuları fare iskelet kas 22, karaciğer 23 ve 23 meme bezleri dahil ettik. Yukarıda zikredildiği gibi, en çok damlacık izolasyon çalışmaların amacı bağlı faktör ile nötr ve fosfolipidlerden lipidomic analizine proteomik analiz etmektir. Nötr lipidler yana - lipid damlacıkları en çok bileşenli - En çok diğer hücre malzemelere nazaran daha az yoğun olan, damlacıkların izolasyon geleneksel yoğunluk gradyan santrifüjlemesi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu tekniği Burada sunulan iki preparatlarıyla merkezinde olduğunu. Önceki teknikler 6,24 kültürlenmiş bölünmüş maya hücrelerinden damlacıklarının izolasyonu bir görsel sunum halinde bir araya getirilmiş ve modifiyeve noncultured insan hücreleri plasenta dokusundan elde edilmiştir. Amaç damlacık izolasyonu için başlangıç ​​noktası olarak, iki çok farklı hücre tiplerini seçerek bu tekniğin geniş uygulanabilirlik göstermektir. Bu teknik çoğu organizmalar damlacıkların izole etmek isteyenler için yararlı olacaktır. Protokol 1 ökaryotik hücre bölünmesi esnasında 25, damlacık oluşumunu gözlemlemek için bir model olarak kullanılmıştır fizyon maya, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, ikinci lipid damlacıkları izolasyonunu tarif eder. Tomurcuklanan maya Saccharomyces cerevisiae lipid damlacık biyoloji eğitimi için bir model organizma olarak yaygın şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Protokol 1 organizmalar ve hazırlıkları farklılıklar hem de uygulanabilir vurgulanır. Protokol 2 İnsan plasentası terimi, elde edilen sırayla olan plasental villöz hücrelerden lipid damlacıkları izolasyonunu tarif eder.Terim Plasentaların koleksiyonu güvenle ve etik lipid damlacıkları önemli numaralarını içeren hazır insan dokusunda 26, 200-250 g almak için eşsiz bir fırsat sunuyor. Bu damlacıklar kültürlenmiş hücrelerden kaynaklanan daha yüksek ökaryotlarda en lipid damlacık izolasyon çalışma aksine bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda, yağ asitleri genellikle nötral lipid ve böylece damlacıkların büyümesinin sentezini teşvik etmek için kültüre eklenir. Bu lipid damlacıkları plasental dokudaki doğal koşullar altında oluşturulmaktadır burada çalışma aksine bulunmaktadır. Lipid damlacık fraksiyonlarının saflıkları organel markör antikorları kullanılarak Western Blot analizi ile belirlenir. Bu iki protokol sonraki proteomik ve lipidomic analiz için uygun olan lipid damlacık kesirler verecektir.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">PROTOCOL #1:&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">1.Growing yeast cells and converting to spheroplasts</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Edinburgh Minimal Media (EMM)</td>
			<td>Sunrise Science Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2005</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="147" style="height:147px;">Yeast extract with 5 supplements (YE5S)</td>
			<td>Sunrise Science Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2011</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">YE5S media with 225 mg/ml of each supplement: adeninie, histidine, leucine, lysine, uracil. The equivalent for budding yeast would be YPD.</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">YPD powder</td>
			<td>Sunrise Science Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1875</td>
			<td>For S. cerevisiae&#160;</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sorbitol</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP439</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Yeast Lytic Enzyme</td>
			<td>MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">215352610</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Lysing Enzymes from Trichoderma harzianum</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">L1412</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Zymolayse-20T</td>
			<td>Sunrise Science Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N0766391</td>
			<td>For S. cerevisiae&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">BODIPY 493/503</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D-3922</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Microscope Slides</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12-544-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Microscope Cover Glass</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12-542-B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Plastic transfer pipette</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">137115AM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1 liter glass bottle</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">250 ml flask</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2.8 liter flasks</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">2. Yeast lipid droplet isolation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris-HCl</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP153</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EDTA</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ficoll 400</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP525</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">12-14k Spectra/Por Dialysis Membrane</td>
			<td>SpectrumLabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">132680</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail Tablets</td>
			<td>Roche Diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11873580001</td>
			<td>irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dounce Homogenizer&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D9938</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultracentrifuge Tubes 25x89mm (for SW28)</td>
			<td>Beckman-Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">355642</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">12-14k Spectra/Por Dialysis Membrane</td>
			<td>SpectrumLabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">132680</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Name of Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;Temperature-controlled shaker</td>
			<td>New Brunswick Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C25KC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Thermo Sorvall Legend XTR centrifuge</td>
			<td>Thermo-Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">75004521</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Swinging Bucket Centrifuge Rotor</td>
			<td>Thermo-Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">75003607</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fiberlite* F15-6x100y Fixed-Angle Rotor</td>
			<td>Thermo-Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">75003698</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultracentrifuge LB-M</td>
			<td>Beckman-Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SW28 Ultracentrifuge Rotor</td>
			<td>Beckman-Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">342204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PROTOCOL #2&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1. Placental villous cells isolation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Disposable underpads</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">23666062</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Autoclavable pan (container), 3L</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1336110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fine scissors, sharp-sharp, straight</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1406011</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">London Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1108002</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dumont #7b Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine science tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1127020</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Razor blades</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S65921</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Screen cup for CD-1</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S1145</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">40 mesh screen&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S0770</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fisherbrand cell stainers 100&#956;m</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">22363549</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">150 mm Petri Dishes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NC9054771</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S642</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P333</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KH2PO4</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P386</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S374</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D-glucose</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D16</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HEPES</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP310</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">2.5% trypsin 10x</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15090046</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DNase I grade II, from bovine pancreas</td>
			<td>Roche Applied Science</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10104159001</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sodium bicarbonate solution</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S8761</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">250 ml beakers</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">15 ml centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">10 ml serological pipettes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">50 ml centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11965084</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2. Lipid droplets isolation from villous placental cells</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris-HCl</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP153</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EDTA</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D-Sucrose</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium Carbonate&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP357</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail tablets</td>
			<td>Roche Diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11873580001</td>
			<td>irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dounce homogenizer&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D9938</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultracentrifuge tubes 25x89mm (for SW28)</td>
			<td>Beckman-Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">355642</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultra-Clear centrifuge tubes 14x89mm (for SW41)</td>
			<td>Beckman-Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">344059</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Disposable borosilicate glass pasteur pipets</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1367820C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Name of Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Biological safety hood&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Thermo-Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Waterbath</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;Temperature-controlled shaker</td>
			<td>New Brunswick Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C25KC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Thermo Sorvall Legend XTR centrifuge</td>
			<td>Thermo-Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">75004521</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Swinging Bucket Centrifuge Rotor</td>
			<td>Thermo-Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">75003607</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultracentrifuge LB-M</td>
			<td>Beckman-Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SW28 Ultracentrifuge Rotor</td>
			<td>Beckman-Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">342204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SW41 Ti Ultracentrifuge Rotor</td>
			<td>Beckman-Coulter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">331336</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Western blot</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">IRDye 680 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">LI-COR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">926-68071</td>
			<td>dilution 1:15000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">IRDye&#160; 800CW Goat Anti-Mouse IgG</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">LI-COR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">926-32210</td>
			<td>dilution 1:5000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">NuPAGE&#174; Novex&#174; 12% Bis-Tris gels</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NP0341</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">primary antibodies for PROTOCOL #1</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:353px;">Erg6p</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">gift from Dr. G. Daum</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Graz University of Technology, Austria</td>
			<td>dilution 1:5000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Dpm1p</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ab113686</td>
			<td>4 &#956;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:353px;">Por1p</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">gift from Dr. G. Daum</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Graz University of Technology, Austria</td>
			<td>dilution 1:5000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:353px;">Pma1p</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">gift from Dr. G. Daum</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Graz University of Technology, Austria</td>
			<td>dilution 1:10000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Vma1p (anti-ATP6V1A)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ab113745</td>
			<td>0.5 &#956;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">primary antibodies for PROTOCOL #2</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">perilipin 2 (anti-ADFP)</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ab52355</td>
			<td>2 &#956;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:353px;">calnexin</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Cell Signaling technology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2679</td>
			<td>dilution 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">GM130</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Biorbyt</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">orb40533</td>
			<td>dilution 1:25</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:353px;">COX IV</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Cell Signaling technology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4850</td>
			<td>dilution 1:1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">MEK1</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Biorbyt</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">orb38775</td>
			<td>dilution 1:50</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of cellular lipid droplets: two purification techniques starting from yeast cells and human placentas

Lipid damlacıkları en ökaryotik ve prokaryotik hücrelerde bazı bulunabilir dinamik organellerdir. Yapısal olarak, damlacıkları, bir fosfolipid tek tabaka ile çevrilidir nötr lipitlerin bir çekirdekten oluşur. Damlacıkların hücresel rolleri belirlenmesinde en yararlı tekniklerden biri damlacıkları ile birlikte izole edilebilir bağlı proteinler, proteomik tanımlanması olmuştur. Fizyon maya ve insan plasental villöz hücreleri: Burada, iki yöntem, iki geniş ökaryotlardan lipid damlacıkları ve bunların bağlı proteinleri izole etmek için tarif edilmiştir. Her iki teknik farklılıklar olmasına rağmen, ana yöntem - yoğunluk gradyan santrifüj - hem hazırlıkları tarafından paylaşılır. Bu sunulan damlacık izolasyon teknikleri geniş uygulama gösterilmektedir. İlk protokolde, maya hücreleri, hücre duvarlarının enzimatik sindirme ile spheroplastlar dönüştürülür. Oluşan sferoplastlar sonra Gently bir gevşek homojenizatör içinde eritildi. Ficoll yoğunluk gradyanı sağlamak için lizat ilave edilir ve karışım, üç kez santrifüj edilir. Ilk dönüşü sonra, lipid damlacıkları, endoplazmik retikulum (ER), plazma zarı ve vakuoller ile birlikte santrifüj tüplerine beyaz renkli bir kayan tabakaya lokalizedir. Daha sonraki iki spin bu diğer üç organellere kaldırmak için kullanılır. Sonuç olarak sadece damlacıkları ve bağlanmış proteinler sahip bir tabakadır. İkinci protokolde, plasenta villöz hücreler tripsin ve DNase I Hücreler, gevşek homojenleştiricide homojenize edilir ile enzimatik sindirme ile insan plasentası terimi izole edilmiştir. Düşük hız ve orta hızlı santrifüj adımları kırılmamış hücreleri, hücresel atıkları, çekirdek ve mitokondri kaldırmak için kullanılır. Sakaroz bir yoğunluk gradyanı sağlamak için homojenat ilave edilir ve karışım, diğer cellula gelen lipid damlacıkları ayırmak için santrifüj edilirr kesirler. Her iki protokolde de lipid damlacıkları saflığı, Western Blot analizi ile teyit edilir. Her iki preparatlarıyla gelen damlacık fraksiyonlar sonraki proteomik ve lipidomic analiz için uygundur.

Beklendiği gibi yoğunluk gradyan santrifüj çalıştıysanız, yüzen tabaka lipid damlacıkları içermelidir ve yüksek hızda spin ilerlemesi boyunca diğer organellere tükenmiş olabilir. Protokol 1 için, Western blot işaretleyici lipid damlacıkları (Erg6p) antikorları ve maya, ER (Dpm1p), mitokondri (Por1p) lipid damlaları ile etkileşim için tespit edilmiştir organel ile yapıldı, plazma membranı (Pma1p) ve vakuol (Vma1p). Her üç spin yüzer...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Cellular Lipid Droplets: Two Purification Techniques Starting from Yeast Cells and Human Placentas at JoVE.com

Isolation of Cellular Lipid Droplets: Two Purification Techniques Starting from Yeast Cells and Human Placentas

: 1) hücresel lipid damlacıkları izole maya hücreleri ve 2) insan plasenta sunulmuştur için iki teknikleri. Her iki prosedürlerinin merkezinde damlacıkları ihtiva eden elde edilen yüzer tabaka, hali hazırda, göz ile görselleştirilmiştir ekstre edilmiş ve saflık için Western Blot analizi ile tayin edilebilir yoğunluk gradyan santrifüj vardır.

Hücresel Lipid damlacıklar İzolasyonu: Maya Hücreleri ve insan plasentası itibaren iki Arıtma Teknikleri

Lipid droplets are dynamic organelles that can be found in most eukaryotic and certain prokaryotic cells. Structurally, the droplets consist of a core of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Rotating Cell Culture Systems for Human Cell Culture: Human Trophoblast Cells as a Model

İnsan Hücre Kültürü Döner Hücre Kültür Sistemleri: Bir Model Olarak İnsan trofoblast Hücreleri

The field of human trophoblast research aids in  understanding the complex environment established during placentation. Due to the  nature of these ...

Cellular Lipid Extraction for Targeted Stable Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Hücresel Lipid Ekstraksiyon Hedefli Kararlı İzotop Seyreltme Sıvı Kromatografi-Kütle Spektrometresi Analizi

The metabolism of fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA), results in the formation of oxidized bioactive lipids, including ...

Development, Expansion, and In vivo Monitoring of Human NK Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

Development, Expansion, and In vivo Monitoring of Human NK Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells hESCs and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs

Geliştirme, Genişleme ve<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; İnsan Embriyonik Kök Hücreleri (hESC) den İnsan NK Hücrelerinin İzleme ve ve Bağlı Pluripotent Kök Hücre (iPSCs)

We present a method for deriving natural killer (NK) cells from undifferentiated hESCs and iPSCs using a feeder-free approach. This method gives rise to ...

Expression, Isolation, and Purification of Soluble and Insoluble Biotinylated Proteins for Nerve Tissue Regeneration

Sinir doku rejenerasyonu için Çözünür ve Çözünmeyen Biyotinile Proteinlerin ifade, izolasyon ve saflaştırılması

Recombinant protein engineering has utilized Escherichia coli (E. coli) expression systems for nearly 4 decades, and today E. coli is still the most ...

Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Generation Using Microfluidic Jetting

Mikroakışkan jeti kullanarak çift katlı lipid Vesikül Üretimi

Bottom-up synthetic biology presents a novel approach for investigating and reconstituting biochemical systems and, potentially, minimal organisms. This ...

Isolation of Primary Human Colon Tumor Cells from Surgical Tissues and Culturing Them Directly on Soft Elastic Substrates for Traction Cytometry

Cerrahi Dokular İlköğretim İnsan Kolon Tümör Hücreleri İzolasyon ve Çekiş Sitometrinin Yumuşak Elastik Yüzeyler Doğrudan onları Kültürleme

Cancer cells respond to matrix mechanical stiffness in a complex manner using a coordinated, hierarchical mechano-chemical system composed of adhesion ...

Techniques for the Evolution of Robust Pentose-fermenting Yeast for Bioconversion of Lignocellulose to Ethanol

Etanol ile lignoselüloz biyo dönüşümünü için Sağlam Pentoz-fermente Maya Evrimi Teknikleri

Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant, renewable feedstock useful for production of fuel-grade ethanol and other bio-products. Pretreatment and enzyme ...

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Yalıtım insan alveoler kapaklarini ve Osteojenik etkinlik kapaklarini türetilmiş hücre D vitamini etkileri Mezenkimal kök hücrelerin

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in a variety of tissues and can be differentiated into numerous cell types, including osteoblasts. Among the ...

Purification and Analytics of a Monoclonal Antibody from Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Using an Automated Microbioreactor System

Otomatik bir Mikrobioreactor sistemi kullanılarak Çin hamster yumurtlama hücrelerinden bir monoklonal antikor arıtma ve analitik

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the most popular and well-characterized biological products manufactured today. Most commonly produced using ...

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Falcarindiol tarafından insan mezenkimal kök hücre içeren yeni Lipid kaplı nano tanecikleri alımını

Nanoparticles are the focus of an increased interest in drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Lipid-coated nanoparticles are inspired in structure and ...