Name: in utero measurement of heart rate in mouse by noninvasive m-mode echocardiography
Uploaded: 2013-11-22T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In utero Measurement of Heart Rate in Mouse by Noninvasive M-mode Echocardiography at JoVE.com

我们感谢曼侬Laprise培训在超声心动图和安伯兰采取在图1和图2所示的照片。这项工作是由卫生研究院授予澳门币44363加拿大学院和加拿大主席950-216684支持。

在这个协议中显示的所有程序已批准红外对抗动物保护委员会。 1。超声系统和终端准备<ol><li>启动超声成像系统，并根据制造商的指示（ 图1）连接的扫描头以及生理学控制器单元。选择心脏测量程序和相对应的30兆赫传感器的扫描头。 </li><li>填用离子交换水的扫描头的物镜转换器。避免产生气泡，因为他们与成像分辨率干涉。将扫描头与手柄侧面上的保持器?...

<ol>
	<li>Hoffman, J. I., Kaplan, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+incidence+of+congenital+heart+disease.">The incidence of congenital heart disease.</a> J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 39, 1890-1900 (2002).</li><li>Miller, S. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Abnormal+brain+development+in+newborns+with+congenital+heart+disease.">Abnormal brain development in newborns with congenital heart disease.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 357, 1928-1938 (2007).</li><li>Bruneau, B. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+developmental+genetics+of+congenital+heart+disease.">The developmental genetics of congenital heart disease.</a> Nature. 451, 943-948 (2008).</li><li>Wessels, A., Sedmera, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developmental+anatomy+of+the+heart:+a+tale+of+mice+and.">Developmental anatomy of the heart: a tale of mice and.</a> 15, 165-176 (2003).</li><li>Yu, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ENU+induced+mutations+causing+congenital+cardiovascular+anomalies.">ENU induced mutations causing congenital cardiovascular anomalies.</a> Development. 131, 6211-6223 (2004).</li><li>Seidah, N. G., Prat, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+biology+and+therapeutic+targeting+of+the+proprotein+convertases.">The biology and therapeutic targeting of the proprotein convertases.</a> Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 11, 367-383 (2012).</li><li>Roebroek, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Failure+of+ventral+closure+and+axial+rotation+in+embryos+lacking+the+proprotein+convertase+Furin.">Failure of ventral closure and axial rotation in embryos lacking the proprotein convertase Furin.</a> Development. 125, 4863-4876 (1998).</li><li>Roebroek, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Limited+redundancy+of+the+proprotein+convertase+furin+in+mouse+liver.">Limited redundancy of the proprotein convertase furin in mouse liver.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 279, 53442-53450 (2004).</li><li>Kisanuki, Y. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tie2-Cre+transgenic+mice:+a+new+model+for+endothelial+cell-lineage+analysis+in+vivo.">Tie2-Cre transgenic mice: a new model for endothelial cell-lineage analysis in vivo.</a> Dev. Biol. 230, 230-242 (2001).</li><li>Kim, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+endothelial+furin+leads+to+cardiac+malformation+and+early+postnatal+death.">Loss of endothelial furin leads to cardiac malformation and early postnatal death.</a> Mol. Cell Biol. 32, 3382-3391 (2012).</li></ol>

M型超声心动图是在小鼠胚胎的子宫内心脏率来衡量一种有效而简单的方法。市售的转换器提供足够的分辨率以可视化的小跳动的心。因此，它们允许一个高度精确的心脏速率测量时，相对于其他方法，如脉冲的测量，并且可以替换高分辨率视频显微镜。然而，目前的工具不允许所有胚胎的同时分析，这意味着一个繁琐的过程可视化每个胚胎。此外，鉴于相当窄的领域和不存在字段?...

冠心病是死亡在出生1最常见的非感染性原因。通常需要多次手术，以纠正其科目的生活质量可能会保持1受损的结构性缺陷。冠心病的孩子经常发生，即使他们没有经历手术神经系统紊乱，说明在发展2,3 宫内的后果非常重要。遗传和环境因素，如接触到病毒或化学品（酒精）怀孕期间，引起冠心病。研究遗传贡献者仍然处于早期阶段，但发展迅速。为了找出这些贡献者和了解他们在心脏发育的作用，表型分型突变小鼠用一个简单而强大的工具将是非常有益的。 鼠标确实是选择冠心病研究的动物模型，和大多数人的情况下，可以在小鼠4,5重现。因此，胎鼠心脏表型已成为INCreasingly重要的是要研究人类冠心病的病因，需要足够的工具。虽然固定的标本组织学研究是非常宝贵的，活的动物的实时成像关键的是要了解心脏的生理机能。视频显微镜提供实时成像。但是，它需要剖腹暴露的胚胎，从而危及到他们的生理和血流动力学状态。最近，超声心动图已成为在诊所以及在​​小鼠心脏评估的标准成像技术。 小鼠胎儿超声心动图是使用标准的临床超声诊断系统，以及超高频超声系统进行。后者提供30 MHz或产生二维图像，并允许早期胚胎阶段的评价较高频率换能器。这些传感器具有相对较差的穿透深度（〜13毫米）的，这一点，然而，足以获得足够的成像平面，并确定基本心脏每年rameters，如心脏速率，左，右心室内径在舒张期和收缩期和隔垫和壁厚，不进行剖腹手术。 在我们的研究中，我们使用了一个超高频超声系统，以评估在胚胎一天E18.5小鼠胚胎的心脏速率。我们选择了30 MHz的换能器，提供20毫米×20毫米，这是理想的给定的胎儿的大小，具有12.7毫米的焦距的视场。然而，较高的频率换能器可以被选择为分析早期发育阶段。所选择的M-模式允许组织在运动中由于1000帧/秒的高时间分辨率的可视化。完整的程序很简单，应该尽快进行，以避免胎儿的生理和血流动力学状态中的任何扰动。约8个胚胎的分析需要约1小时。

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		<tr height="44">
			<td height="44" style="height:44px;width:164px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Pharmaceutical Partners of Canada Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">CP0406v2</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Ultrasound gel</td>
			<td>Parker Laboratories Inc.</td>
			<td>Aquasonic Clear</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Electrode gel</td>
			<td>Parker Laboratories Inc.</td>
			<td>Spectra 360</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Ophthalmic gel</td>
			<td>Novartis</td>
			<td>Tear-Gel</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Depilatory cream</td>
			<td>Church &#38; Dwight Co., Inc.</td>
			<td>Nair</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Hair clipper</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Gauze/cotton swap</td>
			<td>Q-tips</td>
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		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Permanent marker</td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;"></td>
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		<tr height="44">
			<td height="44" style="height:44px;width:164px;">High-Resolution In vivo Ultrasound Imaging System</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Visual Sonics</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">Vevo770</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">30 MHz Transducer</td>
			<td>Visual Sonics</td>
			<td>RMV707B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="44">
			<td height="44" style="height:44px;width:164px;">Imaging platform and physiology controller unit</td>
			<td>Visual Sonics</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Anesthetic System</td>
			<td>Cyprane North America Inc.</td>
			<td>312462</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Infrared heating lamp</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in utero measurement of heart rate in mouse by noninvasive m-mode echocardiography

先天性心脏疾病（CHD）死亡是出生时最常见的非感染性原因。冠心病的发病率介乎4至50/1，000胞胎（疾病和损伤区域的估计，世界卫生组织，2004年）。手术，往往危及生命的质量需要纠正心脏缺陷，提醒发现冠心病的原因的重要性。突变小鼠模型和实时成像技术已成为必不可少的工具来研究这种疾病的病因。虽然先进的方法让心中异常胚胎的实时成像，后者的生理和血流动力学状态往往是由于手术和/或冗长的程序损害。非侵入性超声成像，但是，可以使用，不用手术暴露的胚胎，从而保持它们的生理机能。在此，我们用简单的M型超声在子宫内评估在E18.5胚胎的心脏速率。心脏异常率的检测的确是一个不错的籼对心脏功能障碍的器，从而构成，可能导致心脏衰竭发育缺陷的识别的第一步。

上述方法被用于评估在子宫内对小鼠胚胎的心脏速率存在或不存在的丝氨酸蛋白酶弗林蛋白酶的内皮细胞在E18.5的影响。弗林属于前蛋白转化酶（个人电脑）的切割蛋白前体的碱性氨基酸残基后的家庭。弗林蛋白酶和它的底物是分泌蛋白和裂解可以发生在高尔基体，内体或在细胞表面。弗林蛋白酶的关键底物包括TGFB，以及TGFB样因子，如骨形态发生蛋白（BMPs）中发挥心脏发育中起重要作用?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In utero Measurement of Heart Rate in Mouse by Noninvasive M-mode Echocardiography at JoVE.com

In utero Measurement of Heart Rate in Mouse by Noninvasive M-mode Echocardiography

超高频超声是一个功能强大的实时成像工具，研究在小动物心脏异常。其无创允许维持胚胎的生理状态。在这里，我们将展示采用M型超声测量胚胎的心脏率E18.5 在子宫内 。

心率在小鼠中通过无创M型超声心动图测量子宫内

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent noninfectious cause of death at birth. The incidence of CHD ranges from 4 to 50/1,000 births (Disease ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

In utero Measurement of Heart Rate in Mouse by Noninvasive M-mode Echocardiography

Transthoracic Echocardiography in Mice

经胸超声心动图在小鼠

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene ...

科研

医学

A Mouse Model of in Utero Transplantation

A Mouse Model of in Utero Transplantation

一个小鼠模型在子宫内移植

The transplantation of stem cells and viruses in utero has tremendous potential for treating congenital disorders in the human fetus.  For example, in ...

Assessment of Right Ventricular Structure and Function in Mouse Model of Pulmonary Artery Constriction by Transthoracic Echocardiography

右心室结构和功能的肺动脉缩窄经胸超声小鼠模型的评估

Emerging clinical data support the notion that RV dysfunction is critical to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and heart failure1-3. Moreover, ...

Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging in the Mouse

心脏异常的实验性自身免疫性心肌炎的无创性评估磁共振成像显微镜在鼠标

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium, but only ~10% of those affected show clinical manifestations of the disease. To study the immune events ...

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery

经食管超声心动图在心脏手术中无创地测定涡旋形成时间

Trans-mitral blood flow produces a three-dimensional rotational body of fluid, known as a vortex ring, that enhances the efficiency of left ventricular ...

Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mice

小鼠肾小球滤过率的透皮测定

Transdermal analysis of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an established technique that is used to assess renal function in mouse and rat models of ...

Noninvasive Electrocardiography in the Perinatal Mouse

围产期小鼠中的非侵入性心电图

Electrocardiography (ECG) has long been relied upon as an effective and reliable method of assessing cardiovascular (and cardiopulmonary) function in both ...

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

使用3D超声心动图对右心室进行形态学和功能评估

Traditionally, it was believed that the right side of the heart has a minor role in circulation; however, more and more data suggest that right ...

Dynamic Measurement and Imaging of Capillaries, Arterioles, and Pericytes in Mouse Heart

鼠标心脏中毛细血管、动脉和腹膜的动态测量和成像

Coronary arterial tone along with the opening or closing of the capillaries largely determine the blood flow to cardiomyocytes at constant perfusion ...

Measurement of Heart Contractility in Isolated Adult Human Primary Cardiomyocytes

The evaluation of changes in heart contractility is essential during preclinical development for new cardiac- and non-cardiac-targeted compounds. This ...