Name: long term chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection in mice
Uploaded: 2014-03-17T17:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice at JoVE.com

Forskning i Bragonzi laboratorium har vært finansiert av det italienske Cystisk fibrose Foundation (CFaCore) og EU-F7-2009-223670. En del av dette arbeidet ble utført i Alembic, en avansert mikroskopi laboratorium og mus histopatologi ble utført i Enhet for patologisk anatomi (San Raffaele Scientific Institute).

En. Forbereder Bakterier for kronisk infeksjon (tre og to dager før Mouse Challenge) <ol><li> Velg riktig P. aeruginosa stamme som skal testes. </li><li> Vaksinere en loopful av P. aeruginosa fra en -80 ° C lagerkultur av en Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) plate og inkuberes ved 37 ° C over natten. </li><li> Plukk en enkelt koloni og inokuler i 5 ml Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) i en 15 ml snap-lukket rør og inkuberes ved 37 ° C over natten i en risteinkubator ved 200 rpm. </li></ol><p class="jove_title"...

<ol>
	<li>Gibson, R., Burns, J. L., Ramsey, B. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathophysiology+and+management+of+pulmonary+infections+in+cystic+fibrosis.">Pathophysiology and management of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis.</a> Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. 168, 918-951 (2003).</li><li>Bragonzi, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+models+of+acute+and+chronic+lung+infection+with+cystic+fibrosis+pathogens.">Murine models of acute and chronic lung infection with cystic fibrosis pathogens.</a> IJMM. 300, 584-593 (2010).</li><li>Cash, H. A., McCullough, B., Johanson, W. G., Bass, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+rat+model+of+chronic+respiratory+infection+with+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa.">A rat model of chronic respiratory infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</a> Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 119, 453-459 (1979).</li><li>Starke, J. R., Langston, C., Baker, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+mouse+model+of+chronic+pulmonary+infection+with+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+and+Pseudomonas+cepacia.">A mouse model of chronic pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia.</a> Pediatr. Res. 22, 698-702 (1987).</li><li>Pedersen, S. S., Hansen, B. L., Hansen, G. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+experimental+chronic+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+lung+infection+with+P.+aeruginosa+entrapped+in+alginate+microspheres.">Induction of experimental chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection with P. aeruginosa entrapped in alginate microspheres.</a> APMIS. 98, 203-211 (1990).</li><li>Bragonzi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonmucoid+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+expresses+alginate+in+the+lungs+of+patients+with+cystic+fibrosis+and+in+a+mouse+model.">Nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses alginate in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis and in a mouse model.</a> J. Infect. Dis. 192, 410-419 (2005).</li><li>van Heeckeren, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+models+of+chronic+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+lung+infection.">Murine models of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.</a> Lab. Anim. 36, 291-312 (2002).</li><li>Bragonzi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+microevolution+during+cystic+fibrosis+lung+infection+establishes+clones+with+adapted+virulence+AJRCCM.">Pseudomonas aeruginosa microevolution during cystic fibrosis lung infection establishes clones with adapted virulence AJRCCM.</a> 180, 138-145 (2009).</li><li>Kukavica-Ibrulj, I., Facchini, M., Cigana, C., Levesque, R. C., Bragonzi, A., Filloux, S., Ramos, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+virulence+and+the+host+response+using+murine+models+of+acute+and+chronic+lung+infection.">Assessing Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence and the host response using murine models of acute and chronic lung infection.</a> Methods in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Humana Press. , (2014).</li><li>Moalli, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Therapeutic+Potential+of+the+Humoral+Pattern+Recognition+Molecule+PTX3+in+Chronic+Lung+Infection+Caused+by+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa.">The Therapeutic Potential of the Humoral Pattern Recognition Molecule PTX3 in Chronic Lung Infection Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</a> J. Immunol. 186, 5425-5534 .</li><li>Paroni, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Response+of+CFTR-deficient+mice+to+long-term+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+chronic+infection+and+PTX3+therapeutic+treatment.">Response of CFTR-deficient mice to long-term Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic infection and PTX3 therapeutic treatment.</a> J. Infect. Dis. In press, .</li><li>Maxeiner, J., Karwot, R., Hausding, M., Sauer, K. A., Scholtes, P., Finotto, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+to+enable+the+investigation+of+murine+bronchial+immune+cells,+their+cytokines+and+mediators.">A method to enable the investigation of murine bronchial immune cells, their cytokines and mediators.</a> Nat. Protoc. 2, 105-112 (2007).</li><li>Bragonzi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+microevolution+during+cystic+fibrosis+lung+infection+establishes+clones+with+adapted+virulence..">Pseudomonas aeruginosa microevolution during cystic fibrosis lung infection establishes clones with adapted virulence..</a> AJRCCM. In press, (2009).</li><li>Pirone, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Burkholderia+cenocepacia+strains+isolated+from+cystic+fibrosis+patients+are+apparently+more+invasive+and+more+virulent+than+rhizosphere+strains.">Burkholderia cenocepacia strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients are apparently more invasive and more virulent than rhizosphere strains.</a> Environ. Microbiol. 10, 2773-2784 (2008).</li><li>Bragonzi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modelling+co-infection+of+the+cystic+fibrosis+lung+by+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+and+Burkholderia+cenocepacia+reveals+influences+on+biofilm+formation+and+host+response.">Modelling co-infection of the cystic fibrosis lung by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia reveals influences on biofilm formation and host response.</a> PLoS One. 7, .</li><li>Bianconi, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Positive+signature-tagged+mutagenesis+in+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa:+tracking+patho-adaptive+mutations+promoting+long-term+airways+chronic+infection.">Positive signature-tagged mutagenesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: tracking patho-adaptive mutations promoting long-term airways chronic infection.</a> PLoS Pathog.. 7, (2011).</li></ol>

De kritiske trinn i P. aeruginosa-perler forberedelse og mus utfordring rapporteres nedenfor. The P. aeruginosa stamme brukt for mus utfordring er kritisk. Dødelighet, kronisk infeksjon eller klaring kan variere betydelig avhengig av bakteriestammen som brukes for utfordringen. The P. aeruginosa RP73 kliniske belastningen ble foretrukket framfor den PAO1 referanselaboratorium belastning siden det resulterte i en relativt lavere dødelighet, mer alvorlige skader, o...

Cystisk fibrose (CF) er en genetisk sykdom forårsaket av mutasjoner i cystisk fibrose transmembran konduktans regulator (CFTR) genet. Dette genet koder for et klorid-kanal uttrykt på membranen av de epiteliale celler. Bronchiectasis, slim plugging og parenchymal ødeleggelse forårsaket hovedsakelig av Pseudomonas aeruginosa infeksjoner gradvis føre til alvorlig lungesykdom og dødelighet i de fleste av CF pasienter en. Forståelse CF patogenesen og videreutvikling av nye behandlingsformer er avhengige av dyremodell med karakteristiske trekk ved CF. Flere mus, genetisk modifiserte for CFTR-genet, har blitt generert, men begrensninger i evnen til disse artene å rekapitulere CF-lignende lungesykdom og flere andre organ abnormaliteter sett i CF pasienter har blitt mye dokumentert 2. Utvikling av infeksjon er en av de store utfordringene i CF dyremodell. De litteratur cltidlig antyder at en kronisk infeksjon som varer mer enn en måned kan oppnås bare dersom musene inokulert med bakterier innebygd i et immobiliseringsmiddel slik som agar, agarose, alginat eller tang 3-5. Disse immobilisering av agenter gi microaerobic / anaerobe forhold som gjør at bakterier å vokse i form av-mikro, på samme måte som veksten i slimet av CF-pasienter seks. Denne modellen for kronisk infeksjon fører til persistens av bakterier i lungene forårsaker luftveisinflammasjon og skade 7.. Imidlertid, avhengig av hvilken metode som brukes, bakteriestammen og dosen inokulert i lungene, kan prosentandelen av kronisk infiserte mus og bakteriemengde gjenvunnet i lungene ved ulike tidspunkt variere betraktelig. Spesielt den viktigste utfordringen for langvarig kronisk infeksjon forblir lavt bakterie byrden ved P. aeruginosa, og den lave prosentandelen av infiserte mus uker etter utfordring, som indikerer that bakterieceller blir progressivt fjernet av verten. Ved å velge P. aeruginosa RP73 klinisk belastningen fra en samling av CF isolerer åtte vi hell ervervet lav dødelighet, mer alvorlige skader, og høy andel av kronisk infeksjon med en stabil bakteriemengde opp til en måned i C57Bl/6NCrl mus. Dette notatet beskriver metode for å bygge P. aeruginosa i agarkulene, vi har smittet mus ved intratrakeal drypping, målt bakteriemengde og cytokiner i lungene, samlet BAL væske og utført histologisk undersøkelse. Samlet sett vil dette protokollen hjelpe forskerne i å ta fundamentalt viktige spørsmål om patogenesen 8,9 og teste nye behandlingsformer mot P. aeruginosa kronisk infeksjon 10,11.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Bacto Tryptic Soy Broth</td>
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			<td style="width:143px;">211823</td>
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			<td style="width:191px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">214510</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Heavy mineral oil</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">330760-1L</td>
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			<td style="width:191px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">X1251</td>
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			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:272px;">1 ml syringe 25 G 5/8&#39;&#39;&#160;0.5 x 16 mm</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">PIC</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">3071250300350</td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:272px;">Catheter 22GA 0.9 x 25 mm</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">381223</td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:272px;">Graefe Forceps - 0.5 mm Tips Curved</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">RPMI 1640</td>
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			<td style="width:143px;">BE12-167F</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Complete protease inhibitor cocktail</td>
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			<td style="width:143px;">11836145001</td>
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			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:272px;">Fast-Read 102 Burker disposable chamber</td>
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			<td style="width:143px;">390497</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Tuerk solution</td>
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			<td style="width:143px;">93770</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">RBC lysis buffer</td>
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			<td style="width:143px;">420301</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Fetal bovine serum</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">EZ cytofunnel</td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:272px;">Superfrost ultra plus microscope slides</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">J3800AMNZ</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Diff-Quik Romanowsky staining set</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Medion Diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">130832</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:272px;">Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">52366-10G</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">96-well EIA/RIA plate</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Costar</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">3590</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">3,3&#8217;,5,5&#8217;- tetramethylbenzidine</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">T8665-1L</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Sulfuric acid</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">320501-1L</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">10% neutral buffered formalin</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Bio-optica</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">05-01005Q</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Harris haematoxylin non Papanicolau</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Bio-optica</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">05-M06004</td>
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		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:272px;">Eosin plus alcoholic solution</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Bio-optica</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">05-M11007</td>
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<td>Equipment</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Shaking incubator</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Amerex Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Steady Shake 757</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Water bath</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Grant</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">SUB14</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Homogenizer</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Ystral</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Precision balance</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">KERN</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">440-47N</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Cytocentrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A78300003</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Low Cost Heating Pad</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">2biol</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">LCHP</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="42" rowspan="2" style="height:42px;width:272px;">Homogenization probe</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:191px;">Ystral</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">2366931(great)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:143px;">2366925(small)</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Inverted optical microscope</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Axioplan2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:272px;">Camera (microscope)</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Axiocam MRc5</td>
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		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:272px;">Rotary microtome</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">RM2255</td>
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long term chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection in mice

En musemodell av kronisk luft infeksjon er et nøkkelfelt i cystisk fibrose (CF) forskning, men det er en rekke problemer vedrørende selve modellen. Tidlige fasene av inflammasjon og infeksjon har vært mye studert ved å bruke Pseudomonas aeruginosa agar-perler mus modell, mens bare noen få rapporter har fokusert på langvarig kronisk infeksjon in vivo. Hovedutfordringen for langsiktig kronisk infeksjon forblir lavt bakterie byrden ved P. aeruginosa, og den lave prosentandelen av infiserte mus uker etter utfordring, som indikerer at bakteriecellene blir progressivt fjernet av verten. Dette papir presenterer en metode for å erholde effektiv langvarig kronisk infeksjon i mus. Denne metoden er basert på innstøping av P. aeruginosa kliniske stammer i agar-kuler in vitro, etterfulgt av intratrakeal instillasjon i C57Bl/6NCrl mus. Bilateral lungeinfeksjon er assosiert med sevtater målbare read-outs inkludert vekttap, dødelighet, kronisk infeksjon, og inflammatorisk respons. The P. aeruginosa RP73 klinisk belastningen ble foretrukket framfor den PAO1 referanselaboratorium belastning siden det resulterte i en relativt lavere dødelighet, mer alvorlige skader, og høyere kronisk infeksjon. P. aeruginosa kolonisering kan vedvare i lungen i over tre måneder. Murine lunge patologi minner om CF pasienter med avansert kronisk lungesykdom. Denne murine modellen etterligner nærmest løpet av sykdom hos mennesker, og kan brukes både for undersøkelser av patogenesen, og for evaluering av nye behandlingsformer.

Når protokollen er gjort riktig, P. aeruginosa agar-kuler vil måle mellom 100 til 200 mikrometer, og kan observeres med en invertert lysmikroskop ved å pipettere et lite volum av agar-perler suspensjonen på et lysbilde. Enkelt bakterielle celler er synlige i agarkulene, som vist i detalj i figur 1. Valget av P. aeruginosa stamme brukes i agar-kuler preparat er kritisk. Figur 2 og Tabell 1 viser data oppnådd ved å føl...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice at JoVE.com

Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

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Long Term Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Airway Infection in Mice

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biofilm in Flow Cells

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biofilm in Flow Cells

Many microbial cells have the ability to form sessile microbial communities defined as biofilms that have altered physiological and pathological ...

RNA Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonizing the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract

RNA Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Colonizing the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections result in significant morbidity and mortality in hosts with compromised immune systems, such as patients with ...

Use of Artificial Sputum Medium to Test Antibiotic Efficacy Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Conditions More Relevant to the Cystic Fibrosis Lung

Use of Artificial Sputum Medium to Test Antibiotic Efficacy Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Conditions More Relevant to the Cystic Fibrosis Lung

Bruk av kunstig Oppspytt Medium til Test antibiotika effekt mot<em&gt; Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em&gt; I Forhold mer relevant for Cystisk fibrose Lung

There  is growing concern about the relevance of in vitro antimicrobial  susceptibility tests when applied to isolates of P. aeruginosa from  cystic ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

In order to study human acute lung injury and pneumonia, it is important to develop animal models to mimic various pathological features of this disease. ...

Come to the Light Side: In Vivo Monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infections in Chronic Wounds in a Diabetic Hairless Murine Model

Come to the Light Side: In Vivo Monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infections in Chronic Wounds in a Diabetic Hairless Murine Model

Kommer til lys Side: I Vivo overvåking av Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm infeksjoner i kroniske sår i en diabetiker Hairless Murine modell

The presence of bacteria as structured biofilms in chronic wounds, especially in diabetic patients, is thought to prevent wound healing and resolution. ...

Methods for Detecting Cytotoxic Amyloids Following Infection of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Methods for Detecting Cytotoxic Amyloids Following Infection of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Metoder for å oppdage cytotoksisk Amyloids følgende infeksjon av lunge endotelceller av Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Patients who survive pneumonia have elevated death rates in the months following hospital discharge. It has been hypothesized that infection of pulmonary ...

Long-term In Vivo Tracking of Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Within Drosophila Pupae

Long-term In Vivo Tracking of Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Within Drosophila Pupae

Langsiktig i Vivo sporing av inflammatoriske celle dynamikken i Drosophila Pupae

During the rapid inflammatory response to tissue damage, cells of the innate immune system are quickly recruited to the injury site. Once at the wound, ...

Culture of Small Colony Variant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Quantitation of its Alginate

Culture of Small Colony Variant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Quantitation of its Alginate

Kultur av liten koloni variant av Pseudomonas aeruginosa og kvantasjon av sin Alginate

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, can overproduce an exopolysaccharide alginate resulting in a unique phenotype ...

A Delayed Inoculation Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound Infection

A Delayed Inoculation Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wound Infection

En forsinket inokulasjonmodell av kroniskpseudomonas aeruginosa sårinfeksjon

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a major nosocomial pathogen of increasing relevance to human health and disease, particularly in the setting of ...