Name: assessment of right ventricular structure and function in mouse model of pulmonary artery constriction by transthoracic echocardiography
Uploaded: 2014-02-03T14:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Right Ventricular Structure and Function in Mouse Model of Pulmonary Artery Constriction by Transthoracic Echocardiography at JoVE.com

我们感谢弗雷德·罗伯茨和克里斯白色为典型的技术支持。我们感谢布里格姆妇女医院心血管生理学核心，提供与仪器和资金用于这项工作。这项工作是由NHLBI支持部分补助HL093148，HL086967和HL 088533（RL），K99HL107642和埃里森基金会（SC）。

外科手术<ol><li>获得8个周龄雄性C57BL / 6小鼠，并适应了一个星期的任何实验程序执行之前。 </li><li>在此之前成像，肺动脉闭塞为依据AVMA指引先前描述14执行并通过IACUC协议。 超声心动图图像采集与测量 所用的所有缩写都总结在表1中 。 </li></ol> 1。胸骨旁长轴（PLAX）M模式查看获取RV真空室尺寸，短轴缩短率（FS），以及露营壁厚<ol><li...

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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pressure+overload+induces+early+morphological+changes+in+the+heart.">Pressure overload induces early morphological changes in the heart.</a> Am. J. Pathol. 181, 1226-1235 (2012).</li><li>Karas, M. G., Kizer, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+assessment+of+the+right+ventricle+and+associated+hemodynamics.">Echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle and associated hemodynamics.</a> Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 55, 144-160 (2012).</li><li>Lindqvist, P., Calcutteea, A., Henein, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiography+in+the+assessment+of+right+heart+function.">Echocardiography in the assessment of right heart function.</a> Eur. J. Echocardiogr. 9, 225-234 (2008).</li><li>Rudski, L. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+the+echocardiographic+assessment+of+the+right+heart+in+adults:+a+report+from+the+American+Society+of+Echocardiography+endorsed+by+the+European+Association+of+Echocardiography,+a+registered+branch+of+the+European+Society+of+Cardiology,+and+the+Canadian+Society+of+Echocardiography.">Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography.</a> J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 23, 685-713 (2010).</li><li>Scherrer-Crosbie, M., Thibault, H. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiography+in+translational+research:+of+mice+and+men.">Echocardiography in translational research: of mice and men.</a> J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 21, 1083-1092 (2008).</li><li>Thibault, H. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+assessment+of+murine+pulmonary+arterial+pressure:+validation+and+application+to+models+of+pulmonary+hypertension.">Noninvasive assessment of murine pulmonary arterial pressure: validation and application to models of pulmonary hypertension.</a> Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging. 3, 157-163 (2010).</li><li>Polak, J. F., Holman, B. L., Wynne, J., Right Colucci, W. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ventricular+ejection+fraction:+an+indicator+of+increased+mortality+in+patients+with+congestive+heart+failure+associated+with+coronary+artery+disease.">ventricular ejection fraction: an indicator of increased mortality in patients with congestive heart failure associated with coronary artery disease.</a> J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2, 217-224 (1983).</li><li>Tanaka, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transthoracic+echocardiography+in+models+of+cardiac+disease+in+the+mouse.">Transthoracic echocardiography in models of cardiac disease in the mouse.</a> Circulation. 94, 1109-1117 (1996).</li><li>Benza, R., Biederman, R., Murali, S., Gupta, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+cardiac+magnetic+resonance+imaging+in+the+management+of+patients+with+pulmonary+arterial+hypertension.">Role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the management of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.</a> J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 52, 1683-1692 (2008).</li><li>Lang, R. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recommendations+for+chamber+quantification.">Recommendations for chamber quantification.</a> Eur. J. Echocardiogr. 7, 79-108 (2006).</li><li>Tarnavski, O., McMullen, J. R., Schinke, M., Nie, Q., Kong, S., Izumo, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+cardiac+surgery:+comprehensive+techniques+for+the+generation+of+mouse+models+of+human+diseases+and+their+application+for+genomic+studies.">Mouse cardiac surgery: comprehensive techniques for the generation of mouse models of human diseases and their application for genomic studies.</a> Physiol. Genomics. 16, 349-360 (2004).</li><li>Schulz-Menger, , et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standardized+image+interpretation+and+post+processing+in+cardiovascular+magnetic+resonance:+Society+for+Cardiovascular+Magnetic+Resonance+(SCMR)+Board+of+Trustees+Task+Force+on+Standardized+Post+Processing.">Standardized image interpretation and post processing in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) Board of Trustees Task Force on Standardized Post Processing.</a> J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson. 15, 35 (2013).</li><li>Williams, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+ultrasonic+measurement+of+regional+and+local+pulse-wave+velocity+in+mice.">Noninvasive ultrasonic measurement of regional and local pulse-wave velocity in mice.</a> Ultrasound Med. Biol. 33, 1368-1375 (2007).</li><li>Senechal, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+Doppler+echocardiography+method+to+evaluate+pulmonary+capillary+wedge+pressure+in+patients+with+atrial+fibrillation.">A simple Doppler echocardiography method to evaluate pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in patients with atrial fibrillation.</a> Echocardiography. 25, 57-63 (2008).</li><li>Frea, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+evaluation+of+right+ventricular+stroke+work+index+in+advanced+heart+failure:+a+new+index.">Echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular stroke work index in advanced heart failure: a new index.</a> J. Card. 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我们证明，TTE为RV的结构和功能在小鼠的常规评估一个敏感的和可再现的方法。 TTE的出现之前，房车的研究主要是通过正确的心脏导管插入术，终端和入侵的程序6,9,11,17专注于右室收缩压测量。 此前报道已经描述了多种技术来执行正确的心脏测量3,4,11,17-19。然而，大多数以往的研究报道房车大小，并在主要是定性而非定量的方式5的结构数据。房车评?...

从历史上看，心脏衰竭预后评估的重点是LV的，这是通过超声心动图容易想像。使用超声心动图左室结构和功能众多的研究已经导致建立对左室结构正常价值和功能1,5,6。从二维及彩色多普勒图像获得左室大小和收缩功能的测量是非常重要的，因为它们允许车厢和几何形状非常详细的视觉划分为LV 7。 M-模式通常用于在小鼠中测定的LV尺寸和短轴缩短率（FS）。跨观察员和内部观察员变异较低，使用这种模式的直径测量，但壁厚测量往往是相当变量7。脉冲多普勒彩色（PW或彩色多普勒）已经被用来评估瓣膜返流8,9。 类似于LV，右室起着重要的作用，是一个显著predictor发病率和死亡率在患者患有心肺疾病1,7,10的。然而，房车的超声心动图评价本质上是具有挑战性的，由于其形状复杂5,11和胸骨位置，阻止了超声波8,9。 RV是围绕着LV的一个月牙形状的结构包裹，并具有复杂的解剖结构壁薄是习惯于低的压力和阻力，以肺血管6。以克服升高的血管阻力（PVR），右心室第一尺寸增大并发生肥大。在慢性疾病，如肺动脉高压或肺血管疾病，房车经过逐步扩张，最终导致心脏收缩和舒张功能4,5,10的恶化。 超声心动图起着筛选和PAH的诊断具有重要的作用，尽管目前在临床诊断能力一定的局限性。的主要优点TTE在于它是无创性，并且它可以进行对轻度镇静，甚至是有意识的动物9。 TTE还提供了PA的压力的合理估计，以及改变在房车的结构和功能12,13的持续评估。由于TTE的技术进步，其中包括高频机械探针的发展，使得在5-12毫米，高帧率（大于300帧/秒），和高采样率的深度约50微米的轴向分辨率，超声心动图是一种选择工具，成像快速萎缩小型小鼠心脏8,11。 纵向监测使用多个视图，包括二维（2D）和短长轴，M型和多普勒声学窗口右心室功能的提供房车解剖结构和功能的补充信息。总的来说，这种方法允许在生理和病理的设置RV血流动力学的完整的纵向评估<suP&gt; 4,7。 在此，我们提供了使用无创TTE表征房车和解剖小鼠继发PAC功能变化的详细一步一步的方法。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="609">
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			<td height="61" style="height:61px;width:157px;">High Frequency Ultrasound</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">Vevo 2100</td>
			<td style="width:248px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:157px;">High-frequency Mechanical Transducer</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">MS250, MS550D, MS400</td>
			<td style="width:248px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="67">
			<td height="67" style="height:67px;width:157px;">Millar Mikro Pressure Catheter</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">Millar</td>
			<td style="width:96px;">SPR-1000</td>
			<td style="width:248px;"></td>
		</tr>
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assessment of right ventricular structure and function in mouse model of pulmonary artery constriction by transthoracic echocardiography

新兴的临床数据支持这一概念，RV功能障碍是心血管疾病和心脏衰竭1-3的发病机制是至关重要的。另外，RV被显著肺疾病如肺动脉高压（PAH）的影响。另外，RV是显着敏感的心肌病变，包括左心室（LV）功能不全，心脏瓣膜病或RV梗死4。了解RV的心脏疾病的发病机制中的作用，可靠和非侵入性的方法，在结构上和功能上访问RV是必不可少的。 无创性经胸超声心动图（TTE）的方法建立和验证在成年小鼠监测RV结构和功能的动态变化。施加压力的RV，我们采用的肺动脉收缩（PAC）手术模型，并采用了高频率的超声显微成像测量超过7天期间的房车响应制度。假手术小鼠作为对照。图片是在浅麻醉小鼠获得的基线（手术前），第0天（马上手术后），3天，第7天（手术后）。数据是用软件离线分析。 几个声窗（B，M，及彩色多普勒模式），它可以在小鼠体内进行持续获得，允许RV结构（包括房车壁厚度，舒张末期和收缩末期尺寸）的可靠和可重复的测量，和功能（面积变化率，短轴缩短率，PA峰值速度和峰值压力梯度）在正常小鼠和下面的PAC。 使用这种方法时，压力梯度从PAC得到的是精确地测量在实时使用彩色多普勒模式和媲美用Millar的高保真微尖导管进行直接的压力测量。总而言之，这些数据表明，从各种并发症得到RV测量使用超声心动图imentary意见是可靠，重复性好，可以提供关于房车的结构和功能的见解。这种方法将有助于更好地了解房车心功能不全的作用。

在这项研究中，基线超声心动图进行48小时前，手术。将小鼠随机分为两组。小鼠接受肺动脉闭塞（PAC）和假手术（Sham组）。在0天，第3和7以下的外科手术进行超声心动图。动物立即处死后，最后超声心动图和心脏标本进行组织学评估。导管是在亚组（n = 3时和2为0天和第7天，分别）PAC小鼠通过压力导管来测量RVSP的进行。 获得的所有图像数据进行分析脱机。重要的是，超声?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Right Ventricular Structure and Function in Mouse Model of Pulmonary Artery Constriction by Transthoracic Echocardiography at JoVE.com

Assessment of Right Ventricular Structure and Function in Mouse Model of Pulmonary Artery Constriction by Transthoracic Echocardiography

右心室（RV）的功能障碍是心血管疾病的发病机制中的关键的，但有限的方法可用于它的评估。在超声成像的最新进展提供了一种无创，准确的选择纵向房车研究。在此，我们用详细的RV压力超负荷小鼠模型一步一步的超声心动图的方法。

右心室结构和功能的肺动脉缩窄经胸超声小鼠模型的评估

Emerging clinical data support the notion that RV dysfunction is critical to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and heart failure1-3. Moreover, ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Transthoracic Echocardiography in Mice

经胸超声心动图在小鼠

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene ...

科研

医学

Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Mice

右心小鼠的超声心动图评价

Transgenic and toxic models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are widely used to study the pathophysiology of PAH and to investigate potential ...

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压和右心室功能的仔猪评估

An original piglet model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) associated with chronic Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction is described. ...

Assessment of Cardiac Morphological and Functional Changes in Mouse Model of Transverse Aortic Constriction by Echocardiographic Imaging

在横向主动脉缩窄的小鼠模型和心脏形态学评估功能改变通过超声心动图成像

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice has been used as a valuable model to study mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure1. A reliable ...

Transthoracic Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Quantitative Assessment of Left Ventricular Myocardial Deformation

经胸斑点跟踪超声心动图左室心肌变形的定量评价

The value of conventional echocardiography is limited by differences in inter-individual image interpretation and therefore largely dependent on the ...

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

左心房，主动脉和肺动脉的超声心动图小鼠

The present methodology teaches the investigator how to measure and use the LAV as a surrogate of chronic elevations in Left Ventricular diastolic ...

Echocardiographic Measurement of Right Ventricular Diastolic Parameters in Mouse

小鼠右心室舒张参数的超声心电图测量

Diastolic dysfunction is a prominent feature of right ventricular (RV) remodeling associated with conditions of pressure overload. However, the RV ...

A Pulmonary Trunk Banding Model of Pressure Overload Induced Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Failure

压力超载诱发右室肥厚和衰竭的肺动脉扣条柱模型

Right ventricular (RV) failure induced by sustained pressure overload is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in several cardiopulmonary ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment for the Right Ventricular System and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice

小鼠右心室系统及缺氧诱发肺动脉高血压的侵入性血液动力学评估

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and severe cardiopulmonary disorder. Mice are a popular animal model used to mimic this disease. ...