Name: automated, quantitative cognitive/behavioral screening of mice: for genetics, pharmacology, animal cognition and undergraduate instruction
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在TSsystem三个全自动化协议（选配，促进食欲器乐和经典条件）和交换机协议已批准的动物护理和设施委员会在罗格斯大学新不伦瑞克省。 1。设置物理系统<ol><li>设置在橱柜中的测试环境（参见图1）。 </li><li>安装提供有关本协议控制电脑的测试环境实验控制软件。 注：请不要使用这些计算机用于其他任何目的！ </li></ol> 2。?...

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我们的方法得到了广泛的认知，学习和记忆，对于许多小鼠一次，在最短的时间量，以最小的人类劳动的几种不同的机制运作的生理意义，定量结果，并没有处理在几天，几周或数月的测试实验对象的。这些特性满足它的基因和药理学筛选程序。它采用微创修改现成的，现成的硬件（测试盒和巢盆）。它产生于比测试基因和/或用药物控制小鼠的认知能力等目前使用的方法更少的时间从更多的老鼠...

为使遗传学，分子遗传学，分子生物学，神经药理学和的强大的技术来承担阐明调解的认知基本机制的细胞和分子机制，我们需要一个量化的生理意义的大批量，高通把心理筛查方法认知机制的特性。甲psychophysically可测量的生理意义定量的一种机制，属性是可以通过行为的手段进行测量，并通过电生理学或生物化学的方法的一个属性。实例是吸收光谱的视紫红质，昼夜节律钟的自由运行周期，并奖励轴突在内侧前脑束1,2的不应期。这可以比作细胞和分子测量心理测量奠定了通过定量对应连接的细胞和分子机制，心理机制奠定了基础。对于为例E，认为在棒的外节的视紫红质的原位吸收光谱叠加在人类暗光谱灵敏度函数事实是强有力的证据表明光子触发的视紫红质的异构化是在暗视觉的第一步。复杂的行为模式的数量方面也是中央对使用的行为遗传学3,4 QTL定位方法。 小鼠（大鼠）对行之有效的工具和巴甫洛夫学习协议的性能取决于测量抽象的数量如时间大脑机制，数量，期限，利率，概率，风险和空间位置。例如，收购巴甫洛夫条件反射的速度取决于增强活动（通常是食物交付），平均潜伏期为加固后的发病信号为即将到来的钢筋5-7之间的平均间隔之间的比率。用于第二examp乐，探访在一个匹配的协议2供给料斗的平均持续时间之比近似等于钢筋的速率在 ​​这两个料斗8-10的比例。 目前广泛使用的行为测试方法，有兴趣的底层机制是神经科学家，在大多数情况下，低容量，低通放，劳动密集型26。此外，它们没有测量数量时，可以用由电生理学和生物化学方法测定量进行比较，如，例如，昼夜振荡器的行为上测量周期和相位进行比较，以昼夜周期和相位的电生理和生化的措施。目前的行为测试方法注重学习，如空间学习，学习时间，或恐惧学习，而不是底层机制的类别。空间学习11-15的广泛使用水迷宫测试这些SH的一个例子ortcomings。空间学习是一类。在该类别中的学习依赖于许多机制，其中之一是航位推算16,17的机制。航位推算又取决于里程表，测量长跑18的机制。同样的，学习时间为一类。生物钟是在其学习这一类依赖的机制之一，因为具有约24小时周期的振荡所需的动物学习一天中的事件发生17,19的时间。使食品预期的时钟还没有被发现的19。 时钟是一个时间测量机构。内源性振荡器具有广泛的时期让大脑通过记录这些时钟16,17的阶段来定位的时间事件。在时间记录的位置的能力使得持续时间的测量，也就是，在时间位置之间的距离。联想学习取决于T他持续时间5,6,20,21的大脑的测量。计数器是数字测量机制。数测量使概率估计，因为一个概率的子集的numerosity和超集的numerosity之间的比例。数的测量和时间测量启动速度的估计，因为速率是由事件的时间间隔是多少，测定在其上的持续时间划分的数目。持续时间的测量，编号，速度和概率使行为的调整，以不断变化的风险。22,23我们的方法侧重于衡量这些基本机制的准确度和精密度。精度是其大脑的措施对应一个客观的衡量的程度。精度是在一个固定的客观价值大脑的措施的变化或不确定性，例如，一个固定的持续时间。韦伯定律是最古老和最安全的结果建立在心理物理学。它声称的精度一数量的大脑的措施是数量的固定分数。韦伯分数，这是变异的统计学家的系数分布（σ/μ），测量精度。心理物理学的均值（ 如平均值判断时间）到目标均值的比值（平均目标持续时间）是精度的措施。 同时最大限度地降低人体的量这里介绍的方法最大限度地提高音量（动物被筛选在任一时间在实验室空间一定量的多少）和吞吐量（金额获得由单一动物的筛选的平均期限划分信息）需要进行测量，并最大限度地提高劳动直接与该筛查成为众所周知的结果。 这里提出的数据分析软件体系结构会自动将原始数据和所有的汇总结果，并从数据中得出一起在一个单一的D统计ATA结构，字段标题的渲染数的理解浩瀚的大海当中所载。该分析软件只能运行在该结构的数据，并始终存储在同一个结构中的字段其经营业绩。这将确保一个完整的路径，从原始数据到汇总发布和图表。 该软件会自动写入到结构，治理全自动化的测试实验控制程序，它会自动显示其原始数据来自哪个程序来了。因此，它保留了一个无可挑剔的数据跟踪，没有疑问，这实验条件为在每个动物的力量在每个测试点，并没有关于如何汇总统计均来自原始数据无疑。数据保存这个方法大大促进了标准​​化的行为筛查数据基地的发展，从而有可能为其他实验室进一步分析这些丰富的数据集。 <p cl屁股=“jove_content”&gt;这种方法最大限度地减少对固件和软件所依赖的支持损失的风险。测试设备是由一个历史悠久的商业来源平凡修改。编程语言是由硬件制造商，用于协议控制提供了自定义语言，并进行数据分析和绘图，一个专用的，非商业的，开源工具箱（TSsystem）写的很广泛支持的商业科学规划，数据分析和图形语言。该工具箱包含了高层面的命令从漫长的时间标记的事件记录中提取结构信息和汇总统计。该协议的实施程序和数据分析程序是开源的，全面记录。 该筛选系统是系统化于图1。十柜，每个包含8测试环境可以被设置在一个10英尺×15英尺实验室房间，使80吨的小鼠Ø可以在同一时间运行。电缆穿过的共用墙一个端口应的环境连接到电子/电气接口卡和电脑在另一个房间。在PC上运行的协议控制程序。一台电脑需要每2箱（16测试环境）。该PC必须通过局域网连接到正在运行的数据分析和绘图软件的服务器。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="881">>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">SmartCtrl Connection Panel</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">SG-716B (115)</td>
			<td style="width:339px;">control panel for inputs/outputs</td>
			<td style="width:67px;">8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">SmartCtrl Interface Module</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">DIG-716B (114)</td>
			<td>smart card for each chamber</td>
			<td>8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Universal Cable</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">SG-210CB (115)</td>
			<td>cable from smart card to control panel</td>
			<td>1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Tabletop Interface Cabinet</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">SG-6080C (109)</td>
			<td>cabinet to hold smart cards</td>
			<td>1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Rack Mount Power Supply</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">SG-500 (112)</td>
			<td>28 volt power</td>
			<td>1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Wide Mouse Test Chamber</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ENV-307W (31)</td>
			<td>test chamber</td>
			<td>8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Filler Panel Package</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ENV-307W-FP (32)</td>
			<td>various-size panels for test chamber</td>
			<td>8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:213px;">Wide Mouse Modular Grid Floor</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ENV-307W-GF (31)</td>
			<td>test chamber floor grid</td>
			<td>8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Head Entry Detector</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ENV-303HDW (62)</td>
			<td>head entry/pellet entry into hopper</td>
			<td>40</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Pellet Dispenser</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ENV-203-20 (73)</td>
			<td>feeder</td>
			<td>16</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Pellet Receptacle</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ENV-303W (61)</td>
			<td>hopper</td>
			<td>24</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Pellet Receptacle Light</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ENV-303RL (62)</td>
			<td>hopper light</td>
			<td>24</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">House Light</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ENV-315W (43)</td>
			<td>house light</td>
			<td>8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">IR Controller</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ENV-253B (77)</td>
			<td>entry detector for tube between nest and test</td>
			<td>16</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Fan</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">ENV-025F28 (42)</td>
			<td>exhaust fan for each chamber</td>
			<td>8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Polypropylene Nest Tub</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>nest box</td>
			<td>8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Acrylic Connection Tube</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>connection between nest and test areas</td>
			<td>8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Steel Cabinet</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>cabinet to hold test chambers (78&#34;H, 48&#34;W, 24&#34;D)</td>
			<td>1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Windows computer</td>
			<td style="width:127px;"> </td>
			<td style="width:136px;"> </td>
			<td>running MedPC experiment-control software</td>
			<td>1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Server</td>
			<td style="width:127px;"> </td>
			<td style="width:136px;"> </td>
			<td>running Matlab, linked to exper-control computer by LAN</td>
			<td>1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;"> </td>
			<td style="width:127px;"> </td>
			<td style="width:136px;"> </td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Software</td>
			<td style="width:127px;"> </td>
			<td style="width:136px;"> </td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">MedPC software</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Med Associates</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"> </td>
			<td>proprietary process-control programming language</td>
			<td>1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:213px;">Matlab w Statistics Toolbox</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Matlab</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"> </td>
			<td>proprietary data analysis and graphing programing system</td>
			<td>1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:213px;">TSsystem</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:136px;">in Supplementary Material w updates from senior author</td>
			<td>Open-source Matlab Toolbox</td>
			<td>1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="189">
			<td height="189" style="height:189px;width:213px;">Note: This is the euipment needed for one cabinet, containing 8 test environments. Hardware must be replicated for each such cabinet. However one computer can control 2 cabinets (16 test environments)</td>
			<td style="width:127px;"> </td>
			<td style="width:136px;"> </td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

automated, quantitative cognitive/behavioral screening of mice: for genetics, pharmacology, animal cognition and undergraduate instruction

我们描述了一种高通量，高容量，完全自动化，住在评估遗传性和药理操作对认知的基本机制的影响，并学习在小鼠七分之二十四行为测试系统。一个标准的聚丙烯鼠标外壳浴缸是通过一个亚克力管连接到一个标准的商用鼠标测试盒。测试盒具有3料斗，其中2个被连接以沉淀馈线。所有在内部可发光的具有LED和头项通过红外（IR）监视梁。老鼠生存的环境，从而消除筛查过程中处理。他们在通过执行操作性（器乐）和巴甫洛夫（古典）的协议，为此，我们编写了协议控制软件和准实时的数据分析和绘图软件两个或更多的日常喂养期间获得他们的食物。数据分析和图形程序都写在创造，大大简化大量时间，S的分析基于MATLAB语言夯实行为和生理活动的记录，并从原始数据通过所有中间分析，以一个单一的数据结构中公布的图表和统计数据来保存一个完整的数据跟踪。数据分析代码收割的数据，每天和它科目的统计和图形分析，这是自动存储在“云”上，并在实验室的计算机几次。因此，个体小鼠的进展被可视化和每日定量。数据分析代码会谈的协议控制代码，允许自动从预先协议，个别科目的协议。实施行为的协议匹配，autoshaping，定时料斗切换，定时料斗切换，冲动的测量，以及昼夜预期粮食供应的风险评估。开源协议控制和数据分析代码使得增加新的协议简单。八测试环境容纳在一个48英寸x 24英寸x 78柜;两个这样的驾驶室inets（16环境）可以由一个计算机来控制。

该系统可以而且应该用来执行针对个人调查或任课老师的目标协议。然而，我们已经开发了一套3通讯协定，应该证明在基因操纵小鼠和大型药理测试大规模筛选有用：匹配的协议中，2料斗autoshaping协议和交换机协议。匹配的协议测量小鼠的容量来估计收入（每单位时间的食物颗粒）在两个不同的位置，记住哪个位置的产量而收入，至其平均访问持续时间的比例相匹配的收入的比率，并与快速性它...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction at JoVE.com

Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction

用于测量介导空间定位，时间定位，持续时间，速率和概率估计，风险评估，冲动，和准确度和精密度的存储机制的生理学上有意义的特性，以评估遗传性和药理操作上的影响，完全自动化的系统认知小鼠基本机制。

小鼠自动化，定量认知/行为筛选：对于遗传学，药理学，动物认知与本科教学

We describe a high-throughput, high-volume, fully automated, live-in 24/7 behavioral testing system for assessing the effects of genetic and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Modulating Cognition Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Cerebellum

调节认知使用小脑经颅直流电刺激

Numerous studies have emerged recently that demonstrate the possibility of modulating, and in some cases enhancing, cognitive processes by exciting brain ...

科研

行为学

The Modified Hole Board - Measuring Behavior, Cognition and Social Interaction in Mice and Rats

修改后的孔板 - 测量行为，认知和社会互动小鼠和大鼠

This protocol describes the modified hole board (mHB), which combines features from a traditional hole board and open field and is designed to measure ...

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems

社会认知的非人类灵长类动物评估使用电脑自动学习设备（ALDM）测试系统的网络

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys ...

A Protocol for Housing Mice in an Enriched Environment

在丰富环境的协议房屋小鼠

Environmental enrichment (EE) is a housing environment for mice that boosts mental and physical health compared to standard laboratory housing. Our recent ...

Rodent Brain Microinjection to Study Molecular Substrates of Motivated Behavior

啮齿动物脑显微注射学习动机行为的分子基板

Brain microinjection can aid elucidation of the molecular substrates of complex behaviors, such as motivation. For this purpose rodents can serve as ...

Introducing Clicker Training as a Cognitive Enrichment for Laboratory Mice

引进响片训练为实验室老鼠认知富集

Establishing new refinement strategies in laboratory animal science is a central goal in fulfilling the requirements of Directive 2010/63/EU. Previous ...

Battery of Behavioral Tests Assessing General Locomotion, Muscular Strength, and Coordination in Mice

用于评估一般运动、肌肉力量和小鼠协调性的行为测试电池

Behavioral testing is used in pre-clinical trials to assess the phenotypic effects and outcomes that a particular disease or treatment has on the ...

Systematic Assessment of Well-Being in Mice for Procedures Using General Anesthesia

全身麻醉下小鼠幸福度的系统评价

In keeping with the 3R Principle (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) developed by Russel and Burch, scientific research should use alternatives to animal ...

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in  Free Moving Rodents

基于自动 T 迷宫的自由移动啮齿动物延迟和努力决策分析装置及协议

Many neurological and psychiatric patients demonstrate difficulties and/or deficits in decision making. Rodent models are helpful to produce a deeper ...

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage

基于 IntelliCage 的阿尔茨海默病多基因模型认知功能的自动、长期行为检测

Multiple factors&#8212;such as aging and genes&#8212;are frequently associated with cognitive decline. Genetically modified mouse models of cognitive ...