Name: extracting visual evoked potentials from eeg data recorded during fmri-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation
Uploaded: 2014-05-12T21:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at JoVE.com

我们要感谢大卫投手他对这个实验的TMS宝贵贡献。这项研究是由来自莱维 - 爱德生 - 吉特研究所的脑映射到BS，从沃尔夫森基金会授予的奖学金资助;授予65/08及1657至1608年从以色列科学基金会和英国文化协会研究人员交流计划，以黏实验是在沃尔学院高级成像，特拉维夫夫Sourasky医学中心进行的一项旅费补助。

该实验是在两个单独的会话进行。在第一届会议的功能磁共振成像实验（ 如功能性定位器）进行，以确定对个别科目进行所需的TMS的目标区域。 fMRI的结果，然后送入一个立体定位导航系统针对一个准确的TMS。第二届会议举行后的fMRI数据，在此期间，脑电图的同时TMS记录的分析。这里所描述的方案经特拉维夫夫Sourasky医学中心的伦理委员会。 在本文中给出的实例中，?...

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具有独特的能力，暂时中断在选定的皮质区正常神经元的活动，在精确的时间点，并具有相对良好的空间精度，TMS允许因果关系与行为或神经生理学测量链路一个刺激大脑区域。在本文中，我们描述了一种在并发应用TMS脑电图测量，目标定义功能皮层区，并应用分析，使ERP系统响应的可靠的测量。我们举了一个例子来自于它的TMS被用于与EEG和fMRI的组合来询问是否给予fMRI的定义的大脑区域（ 即...

经颅磁刺激（TMS）产生瞬时干扰到大脑中的靶区域的正常神经活动。通过创建这个短暂的神经干扰和测量行为或生理的变化，我们可以得出目标区域和实验测量结果之间的因果关系（综述见帕斯夸尔，塞拉利昂等和泰勒等人 1,2）。这样的实验效果可以是，例如，在认知任务或在电生理（EEG）活动的变化的性能。事实上，近年来的研究人员已经开始使用TMS与脑电图结合直接关系皮质区与事件相关电位（ERP）或振荡活动模式（ 如 2-7）。在这种方法论文章中，我们将描述相结合的TMS和脑电图特定的和有用的框架：在一个ERP实验fMRI的引导TMS。首先，我们将详细介绍如何TMS适用于FM预定义区域RI，同时记录脑电数据。然后，我们将描述一个实验设计，允许提取可靠的ERP系统。这样的实验的目标是与因果功能磁共振成像的利息ERP成分透露链路的大脑区域。最后，我们将给予有关脸部和身体的选择性与ERP的脸和身体被发现与选择功能磁共振成像领域研究的一个具体例子。 什么是联用功能磁共振成像激活脑电信号的好处？脑电图和功能磁共振成像是常用的工具来测量皮层反应，视觉输入。例如，类选择性在视觉通路被评定为不同的视觉对象的类别，如脸部，身体部位，并书面文字，无论是通过ERP系统的手段从脑电数据8,9和功能磁共振成像10-12提取。然而，这两个共同的研究工具测得的信号是根本不同的性质，，。脑电图怀揣着伟大的时间有关的神经电活动信息精度，但是非常低的空间分辨率，并可以反映许多单独的底层源的混合物。功能磁共振成像提供了神经元活动的间接测量依赖于刺激呈现和/或任务执行中出现的慢血流动力学改变，但提出这一活动具有更高的空间分辨率。从而确立了两项措施之间的相关性可以有很大的兴趣，但在有限的，它并不意味着头皮记录的电生理反应和功能磁共振成像揭示了区域之间的因果关系。即使同时测量（ 例如 13-15），脑电图和功能定义皮质区的活动之间的双向因果关系无法确定。 TMS是一个可以帮助实现建立这样一个因果关系的工具。 一个同时脑电图-TMS研究在方法论上是具有挑战性的，这主要是由于引入脑电图信号b高压神器y中的磁刺激（ 见图1，综述见Ilmoniemi 等。16）。这神器由一个短的瞬态脉冲生活相关的干扰，往往紧接着就是可能会持续几百毫秒的脉冲传递图2A后，超然的兴趣最ERP成分较慢的二级（或剩余）神器。这个次级伪影可以包括机械源，如由磁脉冲感应到布线和这些电流在皮肤的缓慢衰减的电流，和生理来源，例如在头皮和听觉或体感诱发电位由操作引起的肌肉活动线圈17-20。虽然干扰的机械源可能产生较大振幅的文物比生理的，这些不同的工件不能分离，其中的任何信号中的存在，可以混淆的结果。一个可能使禄讯是重复的脉冲TMS前脑电图记录（“离线TMS”）的应用，而不是同时进行脑电图-TMS。上皮层活动这样一个协议的抑制作用持续几分钟（而长达一个半小时）的刺激后，和脑电图可以在此有效时间窗内进行测量，并与基线相比，预TMS，脑电图数据。重复刺激，然而，是通过定义缺乏，网上TMS可以提供​​，其中脉冲可以在精确的时间相对要给予审判开始在毫秒级的分辨率高时间分辨率。重复刺激的效果也可以通过跨越更广阔的领域皮层连接比期望的传播，因此显著降低空间分辨率为好。 为了充分利用双方的空间和时间分辨率的TMS可以提供​​，同时脑电图-TMS组合可以应用。然而，这需要用于去除伪影的方法通过对脑电信号的磁刺激产生的。为TMS假象去除很少下线的数学解决方案已被提出16,21,22，虽然没有方法达成一致，也没有一个方法可能是最适合所有的实验设计。 A“剪切”的系统，包括一个采样保持电路，也被开发过程中的TMS脉冲传递20到暂时停止脑电信号采集，这种技术不仅需要专门的硬件，但可能无法完全去除残余的TMS神器。在本文中，我们将介绍由Thut和他的同事19，特别适合于ERP系统的研究开发的EEG-TMS方法的适应。这种技术可以让ERP系统的可靠提取，同时消除所造成的一切TMS脉冲图2中的残余噪声成分。我们将进一步提供迈向成功的EEG-TMS实验装置一般指引。 在TMS研究的另一个挑战寻址的In这个方法的论文是找到所需皮质区的准确定位的最佳线圈的位置和角度。我们将描述使用立体定位导航系统的给coregister被检者的头部与预采集功能MRI图像。虽然导航系统可用于定位解剖定义的大脑结构，因为许多功能和效果的实验活化的精确位置，不能从单独的解剖标记推断的功能磁共振成像引导的定位是特别有用的。对于感兴趣区域（ROI）这样的功能区域，一个区域的定义是为每个单独的参与者。 为了说明上述所有的，我们将提供我们以前进行的，其中脑电图是同时与TMS通过功能磁共振成像激活7引导记录进行研究的例子。在这项研究中，一个双解离面选择性和体内选择性的事件相关电位之间作出：虽然面部和身体的ERP豌豆ķ围绕同一延迟和电极位置，在横向枕叶靶向单独定义面选择性和体内选择性区域使我们能够离解的神经网络的每个ERP响应相关。最后，我们会尽量给更广泛的意见，以在TMS优化应用脑电记录。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="596">
	<colgroup>
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	<tbody>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:209px;">3.0T Signa MRI scanner</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">General Electric</td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="63" rowspan="2" style="height:63px;width:209px;">BrainAmp&#160; amplifier&#160;</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:107px;"><a name="RANGE!B3">Brain Products GmbH</a></td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:113px;">BP-01300</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:209px;">Electrode input box</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Brain Products GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Optional</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:209px;">PowerPack - battery for amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Brain Products GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">BP-02615</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="146">
			<td height="167" rowspan="2" style="height:167px;width:209px;">BrainCap - 32 flat electrodes on a flexible cap&#160;</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:107px;">Brain Products GmbH</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:113px;">BP-0300MR</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:167px;">Flat electrodes should be used to assure a shorter distance beween coil and scalp. If larger (e.g. pin type) electrodes are used, remove the ones under the coil</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:209px;">TMS Super Rapid2 stimulator</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Magstim</td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:209px;">50mm double coil</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Magstim</td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="169">
			<td height="169" style="height:169px;width:209px;">Coil holder&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Any mechanical arm or tripod that can hold the coil, be adjusted to the right angle and location, and keep the coil steady during stimulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:209px;">Chinrest</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:209px;">Polaris infrared camera</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Rogue Research Inc</td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:209px;">Polaris trackers and pointer tool</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Rogue Research Inc</td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:209px;">BrainSight workstation and software</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Rogue Research Inc</td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:209px;">BrainVision Recorder software</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Brain Products GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:113px;">BP-00010</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:209px;">MATLAB software</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">The MathWorks Icn.</td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="106">
			<td height="106" style="height:106px;width:209px;">SPM for Matlab</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, London, UK&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:209px;">MarsBar region of interest toolbox for SPM</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="211">
			<td height="211" style="height:211px;width:209px;">Psychtoolbox for MATLAB</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">This toolbox and the E-prime software (below) are examples for stimulus presentation software capable of delivering commands to the TMS stimulator and to the EEG recorder with reliable timing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:209px;">E-Prime software</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">Psychology Software Tools, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:113px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

extracting visual evoked potentials from eeg data recorded during fmri-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation

经颅磁刺激（TMS）是一种有效的方法，建立一个皮质区和认知/神经生理效应之间的因果关系。具体地，通过创建一个瞬态干扰的目标区域的正常活动并测量变化的电生理学信号，我们可以建立刺激大脑区域或网络和我们记录电生理信号之间的因果关系。如果目标脑区都与之前的fMRI扫描功能定义，TMS可以用来记录与诱发电位连接的功能磁共振成像激活。然而，在进行这样的实验呈现给由磁脉冲引入到脑电信号的高振幅文物显著的技术挑战，困难，成功地针对该功能进行了功能磁共振成像所定义的区域。在这里，我们描述了一种方法用于混合这三种常用工具：TMS，脑电图和功能磁共振成像。我们将解释如何引导刺激＆＃39，S线圈到所需的目标区域使用解剖或功能性磁共振成像数据，如何在并发TMS记录脑电图，如何设计适合脑电图-TMS组合，以及如何提取可靠的ERP系统从记录的数据的ERP研究。我们将提供有代表性的结果从先前公布的研究中，功能磁共振成像制导TMS是同时使用脑电图表明，面对选择性N1和ERP的身体选择性N1成分都与不同的神经网络在纹外皮层有关。这种方法可以让我们的fMRI的高空间分辨率结合TMS和脑电图的高时间分辨率，因此获得各种认知过程的神经基础的全面了解。

并发脑电图-TMS调查是用来揭示了ERP响应面，并记录在枕颞部头皮机构是否分离。当视觉刺激呈现，一个突出的N1成分被记录在后外侧电极位置。特别是，N1成分通常是较大的脸上，身上，而不是其他的刺激类别8,33。通过评估刺激对面部和与fMRI的它们各自的面部和身体N1组件定义体选择性脑区的影响，我们试图揭示面部和身体N1回应是否反映（至少部分地）不重叠的来源，或者说同样的网络...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation at JoVE.com

Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

提取脑电数据视觉诱发电位记录在功能磁共振成像引导下经颅磁刺激

本文介绍了并行经颅磁刺激（TMS），通过激活与功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）发现引导过程中收集和分析脑电图（EEG）数据的方法。一种用于TMS假象去除事件相关电位的提取方法被描述，以及考虑在范型设计和实验装置。

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an effective method for establishing a causal link between a cortical area and cognitive/neurophysiological ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

A Novel Approach for Documenting Phosphenes Induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

一个新颖的方法记录经颅磁刺激诱发幻视

Stimulation of the human visual cortex produces a transient perception of light, known as a phosphene. Phosphenes are induced by invasive electrical ...

科研

神经科学

Combining Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and fMRI to Examine the Default Mode Network

结合经颅磁刺激和功能磁共振成像检查默认模式网络

The default mode network is a group of brain regions that are active when an individual is not focused on the outside world and the brain is at "wakeful ...

Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy

脑电图神经影像数据：事件相关电位，光谱功率，和多尺度熵的应用

When considering human neuroimaging data, an appreciation of signal variability represents a fundamental innovation in the way we think about brain ...

Somatosensory Event-related Potentials from Orofacial Skin Stretch Stimulation

从口面皮肤牵拉刺激体感事件相关电位

Cortical processing associated with orofacial somatosensory function in speech has received limited experimental attention due to the difficulty of ...

Simultaneous Recording of Electroretinography and Visual Evoked Potentials in Anesthetized Rats

电图同时记录和麻醉大鼠视觉诱发电位

The electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) are commonly used to assess the integrity of the visual pathway. The ERG measures the ...

Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on the Primary Motor Cortex by Online Combined Approach with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

经颅磁刺激在线联合方法对经颅交流电刺激对原发性运动皮层的影响

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a neuromodulatory technique able to act through sinusoidal electrical waveforms in a specific ...

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

在线经颅磁刺激测量与反应抑制相关的皮质生理

We describe the development of a reproducible, child-friendly motor response inhibition task suitable for online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) ...

Visual Evoked Potential Recordings in Mice Using a Dry Non-invasive Multi-channel Scalp EEG Sensor

干无创多通道头皮脑电传感器在小鼠视觉诱发电位记录中的应用

For scalp EEG research environments with laboratory mice, we designed a dry-type 16 channel EEG sensor which is non-invasive, deformable, and re-usable ...

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

侧前额叶皮质联合经颅磁刺激与脑电图的研究

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method that produces neural excitation in the cortex by means of brief, time-varying magnetic ...

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

事件相关电位 （ERPs） 和其他基于脑电图的提取大脑功能障碍生物标志物的方法：从小儿注意力缺陷/多动障碍 （ADHD） 中的例子

Neuropsychiatric diagnoses like ADHD are based on subjective methods like interviews, rating scales and observations. There is a need for more brain-based ...